What evidence does Cotton Mather include in his account that is not presented at the trial? answer choices Mather writes that Carrier,, or her spirit, bites, pricks, pinches, and chokes people. Mather writes that several of Martha Carrier’s children, with “much demonstration of truth,” confess that their mother makes them into witches.
How does Cotton Mather present the evidence against Martha Carrier?
In his account of “The Trial of Martha Carrier,” Cotton Mather presents the charge of witchcraft against Martha Carrier. She pled not guilty, but no one actually believed her. Mather then presents the “evidence.” I put “evidence” in quotation marks because no such evidence would be admitted to a court...
What did Cotton Mather do in the Salem witch trials?
Cotton Mather was a prominent minister in Boston, Massachusetts, who became closely involved in the Salem witch trials. Although he was not a trial judge, he worked in conjunction with his father, Increase Mather , to root out witches who were doing the work of the devil in New England.
What was Cotton Mather’s contribution to the 17th century?
Cotton Mather. The Wonders of the Invisible world....,1693 (Gilder Lehrman Collection) Most Americans’ knowledge of the seventeenth century comes from heavily mythologized events: the first Thanksgiving at Plymouth, Pocahontas purportedly saving Captain John Smith from execution in early Virginia, and the Salem witch trials of 1692.
What is Rev Cotton Mather's view on spectral evidence?
Rev. Cotton Mather argued for the use of spectral evidence if it was not the only evidence; he disagreed with the idea of others that the Devil could not make an innocent person's spirit act without their consent. Cotton Mather's book was likely seen by the author as a counterbalance to his father's book, not in actual opposition.
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Who was Cotton Mather and what contribution did he do?
Cotton Mather was a Puritan clergyman in Massachusetts known for his scientific studies and literary works, as wells as for the peripheral role he played in the witchcraft trials at Salem. He was a highly influential figure in early America.
What did Cotton Mather argue?
In his book, Mather argued that since there are witches and devils, there are "immortal souls." He also claimed that witches appear spectrally as themselves.
What did Cotton Mather support?
Mather and his fellow New Englanders believed that God directly intervened in the establishment of the colonies and that the New World was formerly the Devil's territory. Cotton Mather's account of the witch trials reinforced colonial New Englanders' view of themselves as a chosen generation of men.
Why is Cotton Mather important in history?
Mather preached his first sermon in August of 1680, and went on to be ordained by 1685 at age 22. Besides his involvement with the witch trials in Salem during the 1690s, Cotton Mather is remembered as one of the most influential Puritan ministers of his day.
Why did Cotton Mather wrote The Wonders of the Invisible World?
Mather wrote his book The Wonders of the Invisible World directly after the Salem witchcraft trials. He was given the official records of the trials for use in preparation of this book, because the judges hoped it would favorably describe their role and their judgments.
What was the purpose of the Wonders of the Invisible World?
Wonders of the Invisible World is a book written by Cotton Mather, published in 1693, right after the Salem Witch trials. The objective of the book was to defend the role Cotton Mather played in the trials and is based on the man's belief of witchcraft being real and perpetrated by evil powers.
What was Cotton Mather's writing style?
Style and Influence But despite the fact that it is steeped in the Puritan faith, it is markedly non-Puritan in style. The Puritan writers of the day wrote in a simple style without fancy words, but Mather writes in a heavily embellished language that some people of his day criticized him for.
Who started the Salem witch trials?
In May 1692, the newly appointed governor of Massachusetts, William Phips, ordered the establishment of a special Court of Oyer (to hear) and Terminer (to decide) on witchcraft cases for Suffolk, Essex and Middlesex counties.
Why is Increase Mather important?
Increase Mather, (born June 21, 1639, Dorchester, Massachusetts Bay Colony [U.S.]—died August 23, 1723, Boston), Boston Congregational minister, author, and educator, who was a determining influence in the councils of New England during the crucial period when leadership passed into the hands of the first native-born ...
What did Cotton Mather think about witchcraft?
Cotton Mather, the minister of Boston's Old North church, was a true believer in witchcraft. In 1688, he had investigated the strange behavior of four children of a Boston mason named John Goodwin. The children had been complaining of sudden pains and crying out together in chorus.
Who ended the Salem witch trials?
PhipsOn October 29, 1692, Phips dissolved the Court of Oyer and Terminer, a decision that marked the beginning of the end for the Salem witch trials. By May 1693, Phips had pardoned and released all those remaining in prison on witchcraft charges.
What is spectral evidence Salem witch trials?
One of the reasons that the witch trials stand out in the history of early American law is that the court admitted spectral evidence to the proceedings. Spectral evidence was testimony in which witnesses claimed that the accused appeared to them and did them harm in a dream or a vision.
Why is Increase Mather important?
Increase Mather, (born June 21, 1639, Dorchester, Massachusetts Bay Colony [U.S.]—died August 23, 1723, Boston), Boston Congregational minister, author, and educator, who was a determining influence in the councils of New England during the crucial period when leadership passed into the hands of the first native-born ...
What caused the Salem witch trials?
The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft.
What happened to Cotton Mather in Salem?
For this, she's banished from Salem with the promise of being executed immediately if ever she had to come back. Cotton is desperate and can not get over the loss of his beloved Gloriana. Seeks refuge in alcohol and saunters through the city, much to the chagrin of his father who judges him weak.
Why is Increase Mather called increase?
The stated reason for his first name was "...the never-to-be-forgotten increase, of every sort, wherewith God favoured the country about the time of his nativity." The name "Increase" is a literal translation of the Hebrew "Yosëf" (Joseph).
Answer
Mather wrote a letter to one of the magistrates in the Salem witch trials, John Richards of Boston, urging caution in the use of spectral evidence. He was also the author of the "Return of the Several Ministers," a report sent to the judges of the Salem court.
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Wislawa Szymborska - "A Contribution To Statistics" Does he address this poem as a personal opinion, or in terms of the time in which he lived (and it …
Who was Cotton Mather?
Cotton Mather, (born February 12, 1663, Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony [U.S.]—died February 13, 1728, Boston), American Congregational minister and author, supporter of the old order of the ruling clergy, who became the most celebrated of all New England Puritans. He combined a mystical strain (he believed in the existence ...
Who were Cotton Mather's grandfathers?
Cotton Mather’s heritage from his two grandfathers, Richard Mather and John Cotton, was both fortunate and unfortunate. Like them, he had an active mind and the will to use it. He lived in the shadow of their greatness and expected to carry on the tradition and to assume their role in the Puritan community.
What was Cotton Mather's magnum opus?
Cotton Mather wrote and published more than 400 works. His magnum opus was Magnalia Christi Americana (1702), an ecclesiastical history of America from the founding of New England to his own time. His Manuductio ad Ministerium (1726) was a handbook of advice for young graduates to the ministry: on doing good, on college love affairs, on poetry and music, and on style. His ambitious 20-year work on biblical learning was interrupted by his death.
What was Mather's most important work?
Arguably Mather’s most important work was the melange of history, biography, religion, and science entitled Magnalia Christi Americana. Jonathan Edwards made an important contribution to philosophy in his treatise Freedom of… …. …century, some writers, such as Cotton Mather, carried on the older traditions.
Why was Mather's son arrested?
Worst of all, his son Increase was arrested for rioting. Mather’s interest in science and particularly in various American phenomena—published in his Curiosa Americana (1712–24)—won him membership in the Royal Society of London. His account of the inoculation episode was published in the society’s transactions.
Why did Mather not enter the ministry?
For a while, he feared he could not enter the ministry because of a speech impediment, and he considered becoming a physician; the subject of medicine was of lifelong interest to him. After a friend persuaded him “to oblige himself to a dilated Deliberation in speaking,” he conquered his weakness and returned to religious studies. He preached his first sermon in his father’s church in August 1680 and in October another from his grandfather John Cotton’s pulpit. He was formally ordained in 1685 and became his father’s colleague.
Why did Cotton fight for the colonial order?
Cotton fought for the continuance of the old order of the ruling clergy, sometimes with frustration, sometimes in anger.
Why do I put "evidence" in quotation marks?
Mather then presents the “evidence.”. I put “evidence” in quotation marks because no such evidence would be admitted to a court of law in the modern era. It reveals that the people of Mather's day had a much different concept of evidence and proof than we do now.
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Who was Cotton Mather?
Cotton Mather was a prominent minister in Boston, Massachusetts, who became closely involved in the Salem witch trials. Although he was not a trial judge, he worked in conjunction with his father, Increase Mather , to root out witches who were doing the work of the devil in New England. Cotton Mather thought that witches were not possessed by spirits, but that they were agents of the devil. Modern historians have been mystified by Cotton Mather: although he was one of the foremost American intellectuals and scientists of the time, he was capable of deep superstition, even ignorance, in religious matters. According to Mather, witches had been sent as divine judgment against a sinful people. Therefore, witches—or sin—had to be destroyed before the Puritans could fulfill their destiny as "a people of God" in America ("once the Devil's territories").
What were the trials of Salem?
The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 represent a cruel part of New England history. Twenty people were killed after they were accused of being witches or wizards. Dozens were imprisoned. One of the key figures today around the trials is Cotton Mather. Although he was not directly involved in accusing or judging the people, he wrote a book about the trials, called The Wonders of the Invisible World. In this book, he listed the different indicators about how to discover someone practicing witchcraft. This essay will concern Cotton Mather’s arguments concerning witchcraft, their origin, and his theories about their treatment. The trials in Salem will play an essential part, because the practices during the trials show how witchcraft was proved then, regardless of the guilt of the accused. It was impossible for an accused person to escape punishment in Salem and Mather’s and his colleagues arguments served as additional justification for killing innocent people in Salem.
Why was Cotton Mather's book read?
Wonders of the Invisible World, because it accepted that the devil was plotting in New England, was read by many as supporting the court, and the warnings against spectral evidence went largely unheeded.
What did Increase Mather write against?
Urged by other Boston-area ministers, Increase Mather wrote against the use of spectral evidence, in Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Personating Men, Witchcrafts, Infallible Proofs of Guilt in such as are accused with that Crime. He argued that innocent people were charged. He trusted the judges, though he argued they should not use spectral evidence in their decisions.
Who argued for the use of spectral evidence if it was not the only evidence?
Rev. Cotton Mather argued for the use of spectral evidence if it was not the only evidence; he disagreed with the idea of others that the Devil could not make an innocent person's spirit act without their consent.
Who wrote Wonders of the Invisible World?
He trusted the judges, though he argued they should not use spectral evidence in their decisions. At the same time, his son Cotton Mather wrote a book supporting the proceedings, Wonders of the Invisible World . Cotton Mather' s book actually appeared first.
Was spectral evidence used in the Salem Witch Trials?
Spectral evidence was admitted in the Salem Witch trials, but condemned by many before and after as legally invalid. Most of the convictions and executions were grounded in the testimony of spectral evidence.
Who tied Martha's hands together?
in open court had her hands unaccountably tied together with a wheel band so fast that without cutting it it could not be loosened. it was done by a spector and affirmed it to be Martha's
Who looked earnestly upon her and she began to pain greatly, and she had a strange burning at her stomach?
Richard Carrier looked earnestly upon her and she began to pain greatly, and she had a strange burning at her stomach; then she was struck deaf.
What did the carrier do to his groin?
It bred into a sore, several gallons of corruption (puss) ran out of it. A sore later bred in his groin. He was healed after Carrier was captured.
Who pulled Martha Carrier down?
Martha's son pulled him down by the hair. When he rose he was going to strike at Richard (Martha's son) but fell down flat on his back to the ground and had no power to stir hand or foot until he told Carrier he yielded (surrendered), and then he saw the shape of Martha Carrier "go off his breast"(spectral evidence).
Did the witches confess to their mother?
They confessed that they were not only witches themselves, but that their mother had made them so.
Did Martha have a share in witchcraft?
She confessed her own share in witchcraft and affirmed she'd seen Martha at witch meetings, that the devil carried them on a pole to a witch meeting, but then the pole broke, and she hanging about Carrier's neck, they both fell down, and she was hurt. One Lacy, accuser.
Why is Martha Carrier's evidence subjective?
Benjamin and Sarah Abbot are long time friends of Martha Carrier. Therefore, their evidence is subjective because they are trying to prevent her from being executed.
What does the book Carrier's crime do to the reader?
It shocks the reader with Carrier’s crime and downplays the information that she pleads “not guilty.”
Why did the girls of Salem have hysteria?
Based on details in paragraph 11, the girls of Salem have likely developed hysteria because they were drinking alcohol.
What is the carrier accused of?
Carrier is accused killing peoples' cows and causing or preventing the healing of sores and wounds.
What is Martha Carrier charged with?
Martha Carrier is officially charged with stealing her neighbors' cattle.
Why are Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne safe targets?
Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne are safe targets because they have already been ostracized from the community due to religious beliefs, mental illness, and morality.
Does Martha's sore heal after she is arrested?
The sores healing after Martha is arrested is not proof that she causes them.