what happened at the battle of adobe walls

The First Battle of Adobe Walls

was a battle between the United States Army and American Indians. The Kiowa, Comanche and Plains Apache (Kiowa Apache) tribes drove from the battlefield a United States Expeditionary Force that was reacting to attacks on white settlers moving into the Southwest.

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What happened at the Second Battle of adobe walls?

Epilogue. A decade later the Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between 250-700 Comanche and a group of 28 hunters defending the settlement of Adobe Walls. After a four-day siege, the Indians withdrew. The Second Battle is historically significant because it led to the Red River War of 1874-75,...

Where is the Battle of adobe walls battlefield?

/  35.89361°N 101.16194°W  / 35.89361; -101.16194  ( Adobe Walls Battlefield) The Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between Comanche forces and a group of 28 U.S. bison hunters defending the settlement of Adobe Walls, in what is now Hutchinson County, Texas.

What was the First Battle of adobe walls Quizlet?

First Battle of Adobe Walls. The First Battle of Adobe Walls was a battle between the United States Army and American Indians. The Kiowa, Comanche and Plains Apache (Kiowa Apache) tribes drove from the battlefield a United States Expeditionary Force that was reacting to attacks on white settlers moving into the Southwest.

What happened to the Comanche after the Battle of adobe walls?

At the second battle of Adobe Walls, buffalo shooter Billy Dixon used his Sharps rifle to shoot a Comanche chief off his horse at about 1,000 yards. With the chief dead, especially at such extreme range, the Comanches called it quits and left. Image: June 1874 battle of Adobe Walls in the Texas Panhandle, True West Magazine by Joe Grandee

What was the battle of Adobe Walls?

Th e Battle of Adobe Walls on June 26, 1874, involved an estimated 700 Comanche warriors led by chief Quanah Parker attacking the frontier town of Adobe Walls in the north Texas panhandle.

How far was the shot at Adobe Walls?

On the second day of the siege, Billy Dixon fired his fabled shot, hitting a mounted warrior fully eight-tenths of a mile away. Following abandonment of the Adobe Walls settlement six weeks later, the Indians burned it to the ground.

When did battle of Adobe Walls happen?

November 25, 1864First Battle of Adobe Walls / Start date

Where did the Battle of Adobe Walls occur?

Hutchinson CountyThe first battle of Adobe Walls occurred on November 25, 1864, in the vicinity of Adobe Walls, the remains of William Bent's abandoned adobe fort near the Canadian River in what is now Hutchinson County. The battle was one of the largest engagements between Whites and American Indians on the Great Plains.

What was the most powerful Sharps rifle?

.50-140 SharpsDesigned1884Produced1884–presentSpecificationsParent case.50 Basic20 more rows

How much is a Sharps buffalo rifle?

$2,479. Chambered in classic . 45-70, Uberti's replicas of all 6 configurations of the 1874 Sharps Rifle are true to the originals. The Sharps Extra Deluxe features intricate engraving and AAA-grade satin walnut.

Who made the long shot at Adobe Walls?

He helped found Adobe Walls, fired a buffalo rifle shot at the Second Battle of Adobe Walls, and for his actions at the "Buffalo Wallow Fight" became one of eight civilians ever to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor....Billy Dixon.William "Billy" DixonOther workHutchinson County Sheriff, Postmaster, and Justice of the Peace9 more rows

Can I visit Adobe Walls?

The only sign is a small state sign, 'Adobe Walls' at F road. From the entrance on F road it is 16 miles to the site. The road starts paved but turns to hard packed dirt and back along the way with numerous cattle guards.

What is an adobe wall?

Adobe walls are normally built on a solid, waterproof foundation of stone or concrete; otherwise the capillary action of groundwater may cause the lower courses to disintegrate. The bricks are laid in a mortar of the same material, then finished with a coat of adobe or with lime or cement plaster.

When did the Indians leave Texas?

Conflicts with whites are continuous and, by 1875, all of Texas' original Indian groups have been killed or forced to move to Oklahoma.

How do you build an adobe wall?

How Adobe Construction WorksSand and clay are mixed with water.Straw or grass (and sometimes manure) is usually added. ... The mud mixture is put into wooden forms and leveled by hand. ... The bricks are removed from the forms and laid onto a surface in the sun that's covered with straw or grass.More items...•

How do you make an adobe wall in Ark?

0:021:20Building Adobe Structures in ARK: Scorched Earth - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipIn order to build any of the Adobe structures what you're going to need is you're going to need clayMoreIn order to build any of the Adobe structures what you're going to need is you're going to need clay wood thatch. And fiber. Now wood that fiber we all know how to make but in order to make clay.

Are the Adobe Walls still standing?

Today, Adobe Walls is a ghost town. In 1923 the Panhandle-Plains Historical Society became owners of the remains of the 1874 trading post, and conducted archeological excavations in the 1970s.

Where was Adobe Walls in Lonesome Dove?

Lonesome Dove and the Arkansas River were filmed on Moody Ranch near Del Rio. Adobe Walls, which is near Borger, was filmed in New Mexico. The folks in Borger were upset at the Adobe Walls scene because there was a tree there. In the 1874 timeframe, there were no trees on the Canadian River and at Adobe Walls.

Who won the second battle of Adobe Walls?

U.S. victorySecond Battle of Adobe WallsAdobe Walls battlefield looking southeast from Billy Dixon's grave.Date June 27, 1874 Location Adobe Walls, Texas 35°53′37″N 101°9′43″W Result U.S. victoryBelligerentsUnited StatesComanche8 more rows

Where is Adobe Walls in North Texas?

Adobe Walls, TexasHutchinson CountySecond Battle of Adobe Walls/Location

How many people were in Adobe Walls Camp?

With the arrival of Clinton and his vaqueros, the total population of Adobe Walls camp was twenty-eight, and it was a strange collection of men of many different types and nationalities. Almost each man was a rank stranger to the other, but all were of the plains breed whose courage was never questioned and whose daring had been proved too many times to be doubted; each had the fighting instinct of the Anglo-Saxon developed to the highest pitch by the wild condition of the frontier. There were buffalo hunters with their curious rifles, seasoned Indian fighters, soldiers on furlough, trappers, gamblers, scouts, rangers, and camp hangers on, Americans, Englishmen, Germans, Mexicans, and what not. Each man with his brace of deadly six shooters and his cherished rifle, was a fighting unit in himself.

Where is Adobe Walls?

Adobe Walls, the scene of the five-day battle, is now a small place in Hutchinson county, Texas, seventy-five miles northeast of Amarillo. At one time it was on the main route of an old cattle trail along which plains cattlemen drove their herds to market, at Dodge City, Kansas, before the railroads penetrated the great cattle ranges of the Southwest.

What did the Comanches do to the walls?

The Comanches, maddened by losses and incited to frenzy by the supernatural incantations of their medicine man, raged about the Walls, vainly endeavoring to batter down the defenses. At each charge they would be met with the deadly rifle fire of the frontiersmen who were well protected by the thickness of the Walls.

Where did the Comanches fight?

The warlike Comanches were assumed to be contentedly smoking their peace pipe s on the government reservation at Anadarko, in the Indian Territory, under the watchful eye of the commandant of the reservation fort. But aroused to a fanatical pitch by an Indian medicine man, a band of five hundred of these warriors, under the leadership of their chief, Sun Boy, had eluded the government troops and started on the warpath to the northwest, where cow-camps were plentiful, where there were many possible white scalps and much plunder.

What was the first charge of the Comanche?

The alarm was sounded and all entrances quickly barricaded with boxes, barrels, and every movable thing that would offer resistance to a bullet. When the five hundred red men swept over the hill in their first charge, with the indescribable yell that has made the name of Comanche synonymous the world over for diabolical deeds, they were met with a withering fire that sent them reeling backward, but not before they had thundered to within a few feet of the Adobe Walls. This was first of many charges, usually just at dawn and at dusk, in the long five-day battle that followed.

What was the second battle of Adobe Walls?

Adobe Walls, Second Battle of. The second battle of Adobe Walls occurred on June 27, 1874, when a buffalo hunters' camp, built in the spring of that year in what is now Hutchinson County, about a mile from the adobe ruins known as Adobe Walls was attacked by a party of about 700 Plains Indians, mostly Cheyennes, Comanches, and Kiowas, under the leadership of Quanah Parker and Isa-tai. Most of the hunters at the camp were awake repairing a broken ridgepole when the Indians charged at dawn. The defenders, twenty-eight men and one woman, gathered in (Jim) Hanrahan's Saloon, (Charlie) Myers and Leonard's Store, and (Charles) Rath and Wright's Store and repelled the initial charge with a loss of only two men. One more man was lost in later charges, which continued until about noon, and a fourth man was accidentally killed by the discharge of his own gun. The Indians, who had been urged into the fight by a medicine man, Isa-tai, conducted a desultory siege for about four or five days but made no other attacks. On the second day a group of fifteen or twenty of the Cheyennes appeared on a high mesa overlooking the post. Their appearance led to the famous gunshot of William (Billy) Dixon, when Dixon, inside the stockade, shot an Indian off his horse seven-eighths of a mile away. Hunters in the vicinity were notified of the attack on Adobe Walls, and by the end of the fifth day there were more than 100 men at Adobe Walls. A rescue party arrived after the Indians had given up the fight and retired. The significance of this fight is that it led to the Red River War of 1874–75, which resulted in the final relocation of the Southern Plains Indians to reservations in what is now Oklahoma. A monument was erected in 1924 on the site of Adobe Walls by the Panhandle-Plains Historical Society.

Who shot the Indians in the Adobe Walls?

Their appearance led to the famous gunshot of William (Billy) Dixon, when Dixon, inside the stockade, shot an Indian off his horse seven-eighths of a mile away. Hunters in the vicinity were notified of the attack on Adobe Walls, and by the end of the fifth day there were more than 100 men at Adobe Walls. A rescue party arrived after the Indians had ...

How long did the Indians fight in the Battle of the Cheyennes?

The Indians, who had been urged into the fight by a medicine man, Isa-tai, conducted a desultory siege for about four or five days but made no other attacks. On the second day a group of fifteen or twenty of the Cheyennes appeared on a high mesa overlooking the post.

What was the significance of the Red River War?

The significance of this fight is that it led to the Red River War of 1874–75, which resulted in the final relocation of the Southern Plains Indians to reservations in what is now Oklahoma. A monument was erected in 1924 on the site of Adobe Walls by ...

Where was the second Battle of Adobe Walls?

On June 27, 1924, a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the second Battle of Adobe Walls was held at the site in Hutchinson County. A marble shaft bearing the names of those who took part in the battle was unveiled. W.T. Coble and his wife, the owners of the Turkey Track Ranch on which the site is located, deeded five acres of land to the Panhandle Plains Historical Society in Canyon, Texas, for the permanent preservation of the historic spot. The society subsequently founded the Panhandle Plains Historical Museum.

What was Adobe Walls?

Adobe Walls was the name of a trading post in the Texas Panhandle, just north of the Canadian River. In 1845 an adobe fort was built there to house the post, but it was blown up by traders three years later after repeated Indian attacks. In 1864 the ruins were the site of one of the largest battles ever to take place on the Great Plains. Colonel Christopher "Kit" Carson led 335 soldiers from New Mexico and 72 Ute and Jicarilla Apache scouts against a force of more than 1000 Comanche, Kiowa and Plains Apache. The Indians forced Carson to retreat, though he was acclaimed as a hero for successfully striking a blow against the Indians and for leading his men out of the trap with minimal casualties. This is known as the First Battle of Adobe Walls .

What guns were used at Adobe Walls?

Forensic archaeologists have discovered that the guns in use at Adobe Walls included several Richards' Colt conversions, some Smith & Wesson Americans and at least one Colt .45 (then new on the frontier) pistol, along with numerous rifles in calibers . 50-70, .50-90, .44-77, .44 Henry Flat and at least one .45-70 (also very new). At the time Sharps did not use designations like . 50-90 ("Big Fifty" Sharps). Instead, it designated cartridges by bore size and case length. Technically, the "Big Fifty" was known as the .50 Sharps 2-1/2 Inch. Depending on the bullet used, the case could be loaded as any of what was later designated .50-90, .50-100 or .50-110. The .50-90 loading used the heaviest bullet and gave the best performance at relatively short ranges out to about 100 yards. The two heavier loads used relatively lighter bullets and gave better performance at extended ranges. This makes it more likely that Billy Dixon's shot was made with a .50 Sharps 2-1/2 Inch case loaded to .50-110 specification. In Sharps' nomenclature, the .50-70 was first known as the .50 Sharps 1-3/4 Inch and later as the .50 Sharps 2 Inch, and was sometimes referred to as the "Little Fifty."

What was the name of the battle that took place in 1874?

Palo Duro Canyon. Buffalo Hunters' War. Staked Plains Horror. Yellow House Canyon. The Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between Comanche forces and a group of 28 U.S. bison hunters defending the settlement of Adobe Walls, in what is now Hutchinson County, Texas.

Why is the Red River War important?

This fight is historically significant because it led to the Red River War of 1874–75, resulting in the final relocation of the Southern Plains Indians to reservations in what is now Oklahoma. A monument was erected in 1924 on the site of Adobe Walls by the Panhandle-Plains Historical Society.

What colors were used in the Battle of the Plains?

Hundreds of warriors, the flower of the fighting men of the southwestern Plains tribes, mounted upon their finest horses, armed with guns and lances, and carrying heavy shields of thick buffalo hide, were coming like the wind. Over all was splashed the rich colors of red, vermillion and ochre, on the bodies of the men, on the bodies of the running horses. Scalps dangled from bridles, gorgeous war-bonnets fluttered their plumes, bright feathers dangled from the tails and manes of the horses, and the bronzed, halfnaked bodies of the riders glittered with ornaments of silver and brass. Behind this headlong charging host stretched the Plains, on whose horizon the rising sun was lifting its morning fires. The warriors seemed to emerge from this glowing background. : 205

When was the photograph of Adobe Walls published?

Adobe Walls photograph published 1908. On June 5, 1874, Hanrahan and his party of hunters departed Dodge City for Adobe Walls. The party encountered a band of Cheyenne Indians on June 7 at Sharp's Creek, 75 miles southwest of Dodge, who ran off all of their cattle.

When was the first battle of Adobe Walls?

Adobe Walls, First Battle of. The first battle of Adobe Walls occurred on November 25, 1864 , in the vicinity of Adobe Walls, the remains of William Bent's abandoned adobe fort near the Canadian River in what is now Hutchinson County. The battle was one of the largest engagements between Whites and American Indians on the Great Plains. It resulted from the determination of Gen. James H. Carleton, commander of the military units in New Mexico, to halt Comanche and Kiowa attacks on Santa Fe wagontrains; the American Indians saw the wagoners as trespassers who killed their game.

What happened to Carson's troops?

On the morning of November 27 Carson ordered a general withdrawal from the area. In all, Carson's troops and Indian scouts lost three killed and twenty-five wounded, three of whom later died. American Indian casualties were estimated at 100 to 150. In addition 176 lodges, along with numerous buffalo robes and winter provisions, as well as Dohäsan's army ambulance wagon, had been destroyed. One Comanche scalp was reported taken by a young Mexican volunteer in Carson's expedition, which disbanded after returning to Fort Bascom without further incident.

What was the name of the Indian village that Carson attacked?

At about 8:30 A.M. Carson's cavalry attacked Dohäsan 's Kiowa village of 150 lodges, routing the old chief and most of the other inhabitants, who spread the alarm to several Comanche groups. Pushing on to Adobe Walls, Carson forted up about 10 A.M., using one corner of the ruins for a hospital. One of the several American Indian encampments in the vicinity, a Comanche village of 500 lodges, was within a mile of Adobe Walls. The Indians numbered between 3,000 and 7,000, far greater opposition than Carson had anticipated. Sporadic attacks and counterattacks continued during the day, but the American Indians were disconcerted by the howitzers, which had been strategically positioned atop a small rise. Dohäsan led many charges, ably assisted by Stumbling Bear and Satanta; indeed, Satanta was said to have sounded bugle calls back to Carson's bugler.

What did Carson order his troops to do?

With supplies and ammunition running low by late afternoon, Carson ordered his troops to withdraw to protect his rear and keep the way open to his supply train. Seeing this, the American Indians tried to block his retreat by torching the tall bottomland grass near the river, but Carson set his own fires and withdrew to higher ground, where the battery continued to hold off the attacking warriors. At dusk Carson ordered a force to burn the Kiowa and Kiowa-Apache lodges, which the soldiers had attacked that morning. The Kiowa-Apache chief, Iron Shirt, was killed when he refused to leave his tepee.

What happened to the Indians in the Shadler wagon?

Leonard, Armitage and “Dutch Henry” now quickly threw down the sacks of flour piled against the north side, punched out the chinking, and saw five Indians on their ponies by the wagon. Three rifles cracked, three Indians fell dead, and two decamped. A sixth, with the trumpet across his back and the Shadler’s canned stuff in his arms, sprang out of the wagon and ran north. This was the mysterious bugler, supposed to be a deserter from the regular colored calvary, though Hanrahan and Dixon both have an idea that he was a half-breed raised by the tribe. Charlie Armitage, a crack shot, promptly borrowed the forty-caliber rifle Leonard had made for his own especial use, and – let Bat Masterson tell the story – “plunked a big fort-caliber bullet through him, and he bugle no more that day.”

How many buffalo hides were there in the Adobe?

A mile to their front lay the twenty-eight Buffalo hunters at the Adobe walls, without guard or sentry. They slept in fancied security, or in that careless indifference to danger born of years of peril and excitement. The three buildings of the settlement stood in a row. On the South was the store of Rath & Wright Company, with one of the partners, James Langton, in charge. This building was thirty feet by sixty, had walls of adobe two feet thick, and a big door on the west; in its rear fifteen thousand buffalo hides were arranged in piles. Perhaps one hundred yards, or less, to the north was Hanrahan’s adobe building, eighty feet long, twenty-five feet wide and with walls of some two feet thick. Some fifty yards to the north of Hanrahan’s was the Leonard & Myers store, with Fred Leonard in charge. This structure was thirty feet by seventy-five and its wooden walls were ten inches thick; a big door opened on the east. This store stood in the northeast corner of a stockade two hundred and fifty feet by three hundred, the poles extending seven feet into the ground and from seven to thirteen feet above. There was no chinking between the poles of the stockade or corral. A mess house stood in the southwest corner of the stockade, and between the two buildings was a well.

What did Tom Keefe observe?

Over near Langton’s, Tom Keefe’s little dog licked his face and awakened him, to observe a herd of buffalo coming. Keefe lay on his elbow to watch them.

Why did the Medicine Man's pony fall to the ground?

A council of chiefs on a distant mound attracted the sharp-shooters fire, and the Medicine Man’s pony fell to the ground. As the Medicine Man had promised the war paint would render them invulnerable, he explained that the bullet had struck his pony where there was no paint. I believe Achilles friends offered some similar explanation when he was found vulnerable, and even Fitzsimons himself claims to have been drugged.

Where were the bastions in the stockade?

At the northwest and southwest corners of the stockade were bastions. Leonard and Tyler went to the northwest one; but the Indians hope their guns through the portholes from the outside and fired. Leonard and Tyler retreated across the corral, firing as they walked. Pausing for a moment in the doorway to discharge one last volley, Tyler fell, shot through the lungs, and was quickly borne inside.

Who seized the blankets and pounded on the door?

Tom Keefe seized his blankets, ran to the Langton’s and pounded on the door. Jimmy Langton sprang out of bed and admitted him, yet not so quickly but that the Indians fired through the open door as they came on.

Who slept behind the barred doors at Langton's?

Riding easily, without alignment, about twenty-five abreast and deeper, the attacking party swept down on the hunters camp. Four men and the only white women in the Southwest slept behind the barred doors at Langton’s. A few yards away in his blankets on the ground was Tom Keefe, the blacksmith, and his dog. Thirteen men were sleeping in and about Leonard’s, whose big door swung invitingly open.

Who shot the Comanche Chief at Adobe Walls?

The Long Shot: The Battle for Texas at Adobe Walls. If you know Texas history, you know the story. At the second battle of Adobe Walls, buffalo shooter Billy Dixon used his Sharps rifle to shoot a Comanche chief off his horse at about 1,000 yards. With the chief dead, especially at such extreme range, the Comanches called it quits and left.

What happened to the Comanches?

The Comanches had been in a pitched battle against forted-up whites for three days, a condition not to their liking at all. They’d lost a lot of warriors and all they had to show for it was three scalps taken the first day, one of them from a dog. They were holding a council of war on a knoll they considered completely out of range of the white men’s rifles, deciding whether or not to continue the fight. One of the chiefs was hit with a nearly- spent bullet that knocked him off his horse but did not wound him severely. They took this as a sign it was time to quit, and they did.

What happened in 1874?

So, did it happen? We have two seemingly-related incidents: #1: Billy Dixon fires his rifle at a group of Comanches atop a knoll nearly 1,000 yards away.

Did the rounds hit on the target board?

The rounds actually struck somewhere on the target board 80% of the time. The answer to question #1, then, is yes. The rifles of the day, even a rifle of considerably less power than Dixon’s, were capable of firing and hitting something at ranges even greater than Dixon’s shot.

Did Dixon hit the man?

If the Comanche account of what happened on the knoll during their council of war is accurate, Dixon did not hit the man. If he had, the man would have been at the very least seriously wounded and most likely would have been killed. Well, Billy said it was a scratch shot. He was right.

This is Expert Verified Answer

The massacre of 103 Cheyenne men, women, and children best describes the result of the Battle of Adobe Walls. Hence, option B holds true.

What happened at the end of the Battle of Adobe Walls?

The Battle of Adobe Walls took place in the years during the second half of the nineteenth century. This war led to killing of many men, especially Indians.

Where are Adobe walls located?

Adobe Walls is located in a very remote area of the Texas Panhandle which made it rather hard to find, but it is definitely worth the effort. On the morning of June 27, 1874, 700 Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Arapaho warriors led by Comanche Chief Quanah Parker attacked 28 white men here. 3 days after the attack started, 15 Indian chiefs and warrior leaders met for council on the side of a hill 1,538 yards from the post. Billy Dixon took aim with his Sharps and fired. 5.3 seconds later, one of the chiefs was mortally hit. The Indians decided to ride away to fight another day. Billy's shot is one of the most famous long shots ever taken. Historical markers tell the story of the site which has changed very little since that day. When we visited, we never saw another person on the way in, the hour we spent at the site, or on the way out. Very interesting. Appreciate the total quiet and take time to contemplate. Glad we decided to visit.

What is the monument to the buffalo hunter?

There is a monument to the buffalo hunter as well as the Indians who fought in the area. The area is in it's natural state, other than the markers; however, it gives you an idea of how the buffalo hunters may have felt during the siege and how the Indians fought against those in the buildings. Written July 8, 2014.

Where is Billy Dixon's grave?

This site is located on the famous Turkey Track ranch, private land, so please be respectful. There are grave markers for Billy Dixon (MoH), the hero of the battle and for William Olds, accidentally killed during the battle. There are memorial markers for the battle itself and the Comanche, Kiowa, and Cheyenne killed. The only parking is on the road next to the site. Getting to the markers required walking through tall grass and burs in February. Unfortunately, it would be very difficult for mobility disabled folks to get to the markers.

Is Adobe Walls owned by Phillips?

As a previous reviewer stated, Adobe Walls battlefield is NOT 'owned by Phillips" It is on the private, Turkey Track ranch, the gate you saw may have had Phillips signs on them because they are the operating company for some of the wells in the area.

Overview

Background

Battle and siege

Aftermath

Further reading

External links