Battle of Manila Bay
- Composition of forces. On February 25, 1898, just 10 days after the destruction of the USS Maine in the harbour of Havana and well before a formal commencement of hostilities, ...
- Destruction of the Spanish fleet. ...
- The return of Aguinaldo and the capture of Manila. ...
- Casualties and consequences. ...
What was the result of the Battle of Manila Bay?
Battle of Manila Bay: May 1, 1898 Battle of Manila Bay: Aftermath On May 1, 1898, at Manila Bay in the Philippines, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron destroyed the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first major battle of the Spanish-American War (April-August 1898).
What happened on 1 May 1898 in the Philippines?
On the morning of 1 May 1898, Commo. George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron sailed into Manila Bay and completely destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Pacific, losing not a single man or vessel.
What happened on July 31 in the Battle of Manila?
On the night of July 31, the Spanish subjected the American lines to intense rifle and artillery fire, killing 10 and wounding 43. For the next few nights firing was frequent from the Spanish lines. On August 7 a joint note from Dewey and Merritt was sent to Spanish Gov. Fermín Jáudenes, giving him 48 hours to evacuate noncombatants from Manila.
How did Dewey defeat the Spanish in the Philippines?
George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron sailed into Manila Bay and completely destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Pacific, losing not a single man or vessel. The victory at Manila lay at the feet of extensive American foresight, diligent preparation, Spanish military failings, and Dewey’s bold leadership.
What happened at the battle of Manilla Bay?
The American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay was complete. All the Spanish ships were sunk or destroyed, and the damage done to Dewey's Asiatic Squadron was negligible. Moreover, the annihilation of the Spanish fleet signaled the end of Spanish rule in the Philippines.
Who won the battle of Manila?
The battle ended the almost three years of Japanese military occupation in the Philippines (1942–1945)....Battle of Manila (1945)Date3 February – 3 March 1945ResultAllied victory1 more row
Why was the battle of Manila fought?
Spain was unwilling to reform its colonial government, and armed rebellion broke out in 1896. Rizal, who had advocated reform but not revolution, was shot for sedition on December 30, 1896; his martyrdom fueled the revolution, led by the young general Emilio Aguinaldo.
When did the Battle of Manila Bay happened?
May 1, 1898Battle of Manila Bay / Start dateThe Battle of Manila Bay was the first American naval battle fought against a foreign power since the Mexican American War (1846-1848). It can also be considered the most total victory in the history of the United States Navy. On the morning of 1 May 1898, Commo.
What happened at Manila Bay in the Philippines?
At Manila Bay in the Philippines, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first battle of the Spanish-American War. Nearly 400 Spanish sailors were killed and 10 Spanish warships wrecked or captured at the cost of only six Americans wounded.
Did Japan apologize to the Philippines?
April 9, 2014: Japanese Ambassador to the Philippines Toshinao Urabe expressed "heartfelt apology" and "deep remorse" and vowed "never to wage war again" at the Day of Valor ceremony in Bataan.
Why is it called Battle of Manila?
The battle is sometimes referred to as the "Mock Battle of Manila" because the local commanders of the Spanish and American forces, who were legally at war, secretly and jointly planned the battle to transfer control of the city center from the Spanish to the Americans while keeping the Philippine Revolutionary Army ...
Who led the battle of Manilla Bay?
Commodore George DeweyCommodore George Dewey achieved a crushing naval victory over the Spanish fleet in the waters west of the city of Manila in the Philippines on 1 May 1898 during the Spanish-American War (21 April to 13 August 1898).
Where was the Battle of Manila Bay?
Manila BayManilaBattle of Manila Bay/Locations
What war Philippines won?
On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States....Philippine–American War.DatePhilippine–American War: February 4, 1899 – July 2, 1902 (3 years, 4 months and 4 weeks) Moro Rebellion: February 4, 1899 – June 15, 1913 (14 years, 4 months, 1 week and 4 days)LocationPhilippines2 more rows
Who fought in the Battle of Manila Bay?
The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history....Battle of Manila BayUnited StatesSpainCommanders and leadersGeorge DeweyPatricio MontojoStrength7 more rows
What 3 battles were fought in the Philippines?
The U.S. Army's and Philippine Army's Battle of Luzon. The Battle of Corregidor (1945) on Corregidor Island in Manila Bay. The U.S. Army's and Philippine Army's Battle of Manila (1945)
Who defeated the Spanish in the Philippines?
Commodore George DeweyThe Spanish fleet guarding the Philippines was defeated by the U.S. Navy under the command of Commodore George Dewey on May 1, 1898.
What was the significance of the Battle of Manila Bay?
Battle of Manila Bay, (May 1, 1898), defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War. The resounding American victory made Commodore George Dewey a national hero and helped establish the reputation of the United States as ...
How many Americans were killed in the Manila campaign?
The Americans had 7 slightly wounded out of 1,748 men in action. The total loss of the Americans during the whole Manila campaign was 20 killed and 105 wounded. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. This article was most recently revised and updated by Michael Ray, Editor.
What ships did Dewey send out to the Spanish?
When Dewey sighted the Spanish fleet to the south, he ordered his supply ships and the USS Hugh McCulloch out into the bay and advanced in column with the USS Olympia, USS Baltimore, USS Raleigh, USS Petrel, USS Concord, and USS Boston at 400-yard (366-metre) intervals. About 5:40 am, when he was within 5,500 yards (roughly 5,000 metres) of the Spanish force, Dewey issued a command to Capt. Charles Gridley of the USS Olympia: “You may fire when you are ready, Gridley.”
What was the name of the ship that Dewey sailed into?
On the evening of April 30, Dewey passed into the Boca Grande, a wide channel into Manila Bay that was less used than the Boca Chica, the main shipping corridor that ran north of Corregidor Island. This allowed him to avoid the Spanish batteries on Corregidor that oversaw Boca Chica. Dewey addressed concerns about mines in the channel by leading the advance in the USS Olympia, and at midnight he passed El Fraile, a small fortified island, from which two shots were fired at him. He was also shelled by the the batteries at Cavite.
What ships did Dewey order?
When Dewey sighted the Spanish fleet to the south, he ordered his supply ships and the USS Hugh McCulloch out into the bay and advanced in column with the USS Olympia, USS Baltimore, USS Raleigh, USS Petrel, USS Concord, and USS Boston at 400-yard (366-metre) intervals.
How many Spanish troops were in the Spanish fortifications?
There were 13,000 Spanish troops within the city fortifications, but, with Dewey’s fleet controlling the bay and with the beleaguering force of Americans and insurgents ashore, resistance was hopeless.
When did Aguinaldo declare independence?
He declared the independence of the Philippines on June 12 and was proclaimed president of the Philippine Republic.
What is the significance of the Battle of Manila Bay?
Commemorative plate from the Span ish–American War era honoring George Dewey and his victory. The Battle of Manila Bay ( Filipino: Labanan sa Look ng Maynila; Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila ), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War.
What was the name of the battle that was fought in Manila Bay?
The Battle of Manila Bay ( Filipino: Labanan sa Look ng Maynila; Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila ), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante ( Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish–American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.
Why did Dewey withdraw from the battle?
At 7:45 a.m., after Captain Gridley messaged Dewey that only 15 rounds of 5" ammunition remained per gun, Dewey ordered an immediate withdrawal. To preserve morale, he informed the crews that the halt in the battle was to allow the crews to have breakfast. According to an observer on the Olympia, "At least three of his (Spanish) ships had broken into flames but so had one of ours. These fires had all been put out without apparent injury to the ships. Generally speaking, nothing of great importance had occurred to show that we had seriously injured any Spanish vessel." Montojo took the opportunity to now move his remaining ships into Bacoor Bay where they were ordered to resist for as long as possible.
What happened on 30 April?
Battle. At 7 p.m. on 30 April, Montojo was informed that Dewey's ships had been seen in Subic Bay that afternoon. As Manila Bay was considered unnavigable at night by foreigners, Montojo expected an attack the following morning.
Where did Admiral Montojo want to confront the Americans?
Admiral Montojo had originally wanted to confront the Americans at Subic Bay, northwest of Manila Bay, but abandoned that idea when he learned the planned mines and coastal defensives were lacking and the cruiser Castilla started to leak.
How many people died in the Battle of McCulloch?
According to American sources, Dewey won the battle with seven men very slightly wounded, a total of nine injured, and only a single fatality among his crew: Francis B. Randall, Chief Engineer on the McCulloch, from a heart attack. On the other hand, the Spanish naval historian Agustín Ramón Rodríguez González suggests that Dewey suffered heavier losses, though still much lower than those of the Spanish squadron. Rodríguez notes that Spanish officials estimated the American casualties at 13 crewmen killed and more than 30 wounded based on reliable information collected by the Spanish consulate in Hong Kong. According to Rodríguez, Dewey may have concealed the deaths and injuries by including the numbers among the 155 men who reportedly deserted during the campaign.
How many ships were in the Spanish line of battle?
ships (two not engaged) and 13 Spanish ships (five not engaged and one not present). Still another source says that the Spanish naval force consisted of seven unarmored ships. Yet another source says that Dewey's squadron included four cruisers (two armored), two gunboats, and one revenue cutter; and that the Spanish fleet consisted of one modern cruiser half the size of Dewey's Olympia, one old wooden cruiser, and five gunboats.
Who destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Pacific?
George Dewey ’s Asiatic Squadron sailed into Manila Bay and completely destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Pacific, losing not a single man or vessel. The victory at Manila lay at the feet of extensive American foresight, diligent preparation, Spanish military failings, and Dewey’s bold leadership.
What was the first naval battle fought against a foreign power since the Mexican American War?
Introductory Essay. The Battle of Manila Bay. The Battle of Manila Bay was the first American naval battle fought against a foreign power since the Mexican American War (1846-1848). It can also be considered the most total victory in the history of the United States Navy. On the morning of 1 May 1898, Commo.
Where did Montojo face Dewey?
With antiquated and defective vessels, Montojo decided to face Dewey in the wide open, but shallow, Manila Bay, where he believed his men might better be rescued, if the oncoming battle turned disastrous. 14. Dewey’s line of ships slipped into Manila Bay during the early morning hours 1 May.
Where did Dewey move his fleet?
Dewey moved his fleet to Mirs Bay were he waited for Consul Williams to arrive with last minute intelligence. On 27 April, Williams and Dewey finally met and the Asiatic Squadron steamed for Manila. 12. In Manila, Spanish preparation had not been nearly as diligent.
Where did Dewey's ships slip into?
Dewey’s line of ships slipped into Manila Bay during the early morning hours 1 May. They steamed past the erratic fire of Spanish coastal batteries and came upon the Spanish fleet at dawn. Montojo had anchored his ships in the shallow waters off Cavite.
Who prepared the plan of operations against Spain?
Footnote 5: See: Plan of Operations Against Spain Prepared by Lt. William W. Kimball, 1896.
What was the squadron of Dewey?
Dewey’s squadron was days from the nearest functioning telegraph office and months from reinforcement by the American ground troops he needed to hold Manila and capture the city. Footnote 1: See: McNair to Dewey, 31 December 1897.
Overview
The Battle of Manila Bay (Filipino: Labanan sa Look ng Maynila; Spanish: Batalla de Bahía de Manila), also known as the Battle of Cavite, took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle to…
Prelude
Americans living on the West Coast of the United States feared a Spanish attack at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War. Only a few U.S. Navy warships, led by the cruiser USS Olympia, stood between them and a powerful Spanish fleet. In practice however Olympia was far superior to the Spanish colonial fleet, as the battle would show.
Admiral Montojo, a career Spanish naval officer who had been dispatched rapidly to the Philippine…
Battle
At 7 p.m. on 30 April, Montojo was informed that Dewey's ships had been seen in Subic Bay that afternoon. As Manila Bay was considered unnavigable at night by foreigners, Montojo expected an attack the following morning. However, Oscar F. Williams, the United States Consul in Manila, had provided Dewey with detailed information on the state of the Spanish defenses and the lack of preparedness of the Spanish fleet. Based in part upon this intelligence, Dewey—embarked aboar…
Subsequent action
A Spanish attempt to attack Dewey with the naval task force known as Camara's Flying Relief Column came to naught, and the naval war in the Philippines devolved into a series of torpedo boat hit-and-run attacks for the rest of the campaign. While the Spanish scored several hits, there were no American fatalities directly attributable to Spanish gunfire.
On 2 May, Dewey landed a force of Marines at Cavite. They completed the destruction of the Spa…
Aftermath
In recognition of George Dewey's leadership during the Battle of Manila Bay, a special medal known as the Dewey Medal was presented to the officers and sailors under Admiral Dewey's command. Dewey was later honored with promotion to the special rank of Admiral of the Navy. Building on his popularity, Dewey briefly ran for president in 1900, but withdrew and endorsed William McKinley, the incumbent, who won. The same year Dewey was appointed President of the General …
Order of battle
Vessels engaged in actual combat during the Battle of Manila Bay ranged in size from 5,870 tons (Olympia) to 492 tons (Marques del Duero).
Engaged Vessels:
• USS Olympia, flagship, protected cruiser of 5,870 tons, with four 8-inch guns mounted in pairs on two turrets, plus ten 5-inch guns and six torpedo tubes. To…
See also
• Battle of Manila (disambiguation)
• Battles of the Spanish–American War
• Philippine–American War
• List of naval battles
Additional References
• Nofi, Albert A., The Spanish American War, 1898, 1997.
• Carrasco García, Antonio, En Guerra con Los Estados Unidos: Cuba, 1898, Madrid: 1998.
• Freidel, Frank Burt. The Splendid Little War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1958.