Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada.
What happened to the Dakota tribe after the Civil War?
A reservation established in 1866 at Fort Peck, Montana, also drew exiles from Minnesota. A small number of Dakota people remained in Minnesota after the war. In the 1880s, more began to return from exile. Several families purchased land that eventually became the Lower Sioux community.
What happened to the Dakota diaspora?
Map of the Dakota diaspora from 1862-1870, courtesy Bob Werner. "Wakute was our band leader. Some of our relatives in the Canku family were captured in 1862 and sent to Fort Snelling. There was nine of our family that were sent there. And then the rest escaped and went to the Plains. They were implicated for being Dakota.
Why is there so much confusion about the three Dakota tribes?
Confusion stems from the reorganization of the tribes afterward, and the fact that many of them went by multiple nicknames — even to the point that Walker misidentified the three names of the Dakota people as the Teton, Sicangu and Brule. Also, the Wahepeton are currently associated with the Dakota, as are the Mdewakan.
What happened at the Dakota trials?
The Dakota Trials and Their Aftermath In November 1862, the trials of the Dakota held at Camp Release began. Of the 498 trials held, more than 300 men were sentenced to death, for crimes ranging from rape to murder. The defendants were not allowed legal representation and the trials themselves were brief, with some lasting less than five minutes.
Does the Dakota tribe still exist?
Today. There are 4 Federally-recognized Dakota communities in Minnesota: Prairie Island, Lower Sioux, Upper Sioux, and Shakopee and 1 non-Federally recognized community, Mendota. There are about 4000 Dakota people in Minnesota, with only an estimated 8 fluent speakers remaining.
Where is the Dakota tribe now?
Today, most Dakota people live in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Saskatchewan.
What happened to the traditional Dakota?
After the trials, General Pope ordered that the convicted Dakota be removed to Mankato, and the Dakota non-combatants be removed to Fort Snelling.
What happened to the farm Dakota after the war?
A small number of Dakota people remained in Minnesota after the war. In the 1880s, more began to return from exile. Several families purchased land that eventually became the Lower Sioux community.
Are the Dakota the Sioux?
The Dakota (pronounced [daˈkˣota], Dakota language: Dakȟóta/Dakhóta) are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America. They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux people, and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota.
Do the Cheyenne Indians still exist?
The Cheyenne Today Today there are 11,266 enrolled members in the Cheyenne tribe, including people on and off the reservations. A total of 7,502 people reside on the Tongue River in Wyoming (Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation), and another 387 live on the Cheyenne and Arapaho reservation in Oklahoma.
What is the difference between Lakota and Dakota?
There is no real difference. "Lakota" and "Dakota" are different pronunciations of the same tribal name, which means "the allies." One Sioux dialect has the letter "L" in it, and the other dialect does not. This is only a pronunciation difference, not a political one.
What happened to the Lakota Sioux?
The reinforced US Army defeated the Lakota bands in a series of battles, finally ending the Great Sioux War in 1877. The Lakota were eventually confined to reservations, prevented from hunting buffalo beyond those territories, and forced to accept government food distribution.
What tribe was Chief Crazy Horse?
Crazy Horse or Tasunke Witco was born as a member of the Oglala Lakota on Rapid Creek about 40 miles northeast of Thunderhead Mt. (now Crazy Horse Mountain) in c. 1840.
How did the missionaries treat the Dakota?
How did the missionaries treat the Dakota? --Traders were dishonest and cheated the Dakota. --The traders would not extend credit to the Dakota for food and supplies when the Dakota had not received their annuities from the government. --These things made the Dakota angry, and they did not trust the traders.
Why were there no Dakota villages north of the Minnesota River in 1862?
The treaties of 1851 also called for setting up reservations on both the north and south sides of the Minnesota River. But the U.S. Senate changed the treaties by eliminating the reservations and leaving the Dakota with no place to live.
Why did the Dakota Sioux start an uprising in 1862?
The summer of 1862 was particularly hard on the Dakota. Cutworms destroyed much of their corn crops, and many families faced starvation. Dakota leaders were frustrated by attempts to convince traders to extend credit to tribal members and alleviate the suffering.
What is the poorest reservation in the United States?
There are 3,143 counties in the United States. Oglala Lakota County, contained entirely within the boundaries of the Pine Ridge Reservation, has the lowest per capita income ($8,768) in the country, and ranks as the "poorest" county in the nation.
What happened to the Lakota Sioux?
The reinforced US Army defeated the Lakota bands in a series of battles, finally ending the Great Sioux War in 1877. The Lakota were eventually confined to reservations, prevented from hunting buffalo beyond those territories, and forced to accept government food distribution.
What is the difference between Lakota and Dakota?
There is no real difference. "Lakota" and "Dakota" are different pronunciations of the same tribal name, which means "the allies." One Sioux dialect has the letter "L" in it, and the other dialect does not. This is only a pronunciation difference, not a political one.
Where did the Dakota Sioux tribe live?
Where did the Sioux live? They lived in the Great Plains in the following states, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, Oklahoma, Texas, and Colorado.
What is the Dakota tribe?
The Dakota (pronounced [daˈkˣota], Dakota language: Dakȟóta/Dakhóta) are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America. They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux people, and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota . The Eastern Dakota are the Santee ( Isáŋyathi ...
Where are the Dakotas located?
The Dakota maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in North America: in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Montana in the United States; and in Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan in Canada.
What is the name of the town in Western Dakota?
The Western Dakota are the Yankton, and the Yanktonai ( Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), who reside in the Upper Missouri River area. The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena (″Those Who Speak Like Men″). They also have distinct federally recognized tribes. In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota, a branch of the Sioux who moved further west. The latter are now located in Montana and across the border in Canada, where they are known as Stoney.
What was the name of the tribe that moved from the east to the west?
Migrations of Ojibwe people from the east in the 17th and 18th centuries, with muskets supplied by the French and British, pushed the Dakota further into Minnesota and west and southward. The US gave the name "Dakota Territory" to the northern expanse west of the Mississippi River and up to its headwaters. After the Dakota War of 1862, the federal government expelled the Santee from Minnesota. Many were sent to Crow Creek Indian Reservation. In 1864 some from the Crow Creek Reservation were sent to St. Louis and then by boat up the Missouri River, ultimately to the Santee Sioux Reservation. In the 21st century, the majority of the Santee live on reservations, reserves, and communities in Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Canada. Some have moved to cities for more work opportunities.
Where do the Yankton live?
Some Yankton live on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation and Crow Creek Reservation, which is also occupied by the Lower Yanktonai. The Upper Yanktonai live in the northern part of Standing Rock Reservation, on the Spirit Lake Reservation in central North Dakota.
What is the Dakota language?
Language. Main article: Dakota language. The Dakota language is a Mississippi Valley Siouan language, belonging to the greater Siouan- Catawban language family. It is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language, and both are also more distantly related to the Stoney and Assiniboine languages.
Where did the Sioux live?
See also: Sioux § History. Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota ( Isáŋyathi; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish.
What are the Dakota people?
The Dakota People. Dakota people are comprised of four groups: The Bdewakantunwan (Mdewakanton), Wahpetunwan (Wahpeton), Wahpekute, and Sissitunwan (Sisseton) people form what is known as the Isanti (Santee), or eastern Dakota (a word that means ally). To the west, in present day South Dakota, are the Yanktonai and Yankton ...
What was the Dakota community's daily life like in the 1800s?
In the 1800s, daily life for the Dakota centered on survival . A harsh climate, tenuous food sources, and potential conflict with neighbors made it essential for Dakota communities to work together at such tasks as hunting and gathering food, cultivating crops, processing animal skins for clothing and shelter, and providing for communal defense. The story of survival is highlighted within the US-Dakota War of 1862.
What is the significance of BDOTE?
The Bdote area consists of many areas of historic and contemporary Dakota significance, such as Taku Wakan Tipi (Carver's Cave), Mni Sni (Coldwater Spring), and Oheyawahi (Pilot Knob). Historically, the Santee Dakota moved their villages and varied their work according to the seasons. In Dakota society women have always held an essential role.
What are the Dakota tribes in Minnesota?
In Minnesota, there remain four federally recognized Dakota tribal oyate (nations): the Shakopee Mdewakanton, Prairie Island Indian Community, Upper Sioux Community, and the Lower Sioux Indian Community.
What did the Mni Sota people do in the summer?
During the summer months families gathered in villages to hunt and fish. They processed the game and harvested traditional medicines and indigenous plants, as well crops such as corn, squash, and beans. They also gathered wild rice along the vast lakes throughout Mni Sota.
What was the role of fur traders in the early 1800s?
European and European American fur traders, and later the US government, would utilize (and at times exploit) these kinship networks to foster trade and establish political relationships with the Dakota communities in the region during the early 1800s. In the 1800s, daily life for the Dakota centered on survival.
How did Dakota community governance work?
Newcomers could be welcomed into Dakota communities through ritualized ceremonies where the obligations of kinship were bestowed upon the individuals involved. Community governance was accomplished through consensus, with all concerned parties being able to speak and be heard.
What was the Dakota's success?
For the high society of Manhattan, it became fashionable to live in the building, or at least to rent an apartment there as a secondary city residence, and The Dakota's success prompted the construction of many other luxury apartment buildings in Manhattan.
Who was murdered in the Dakota?
The Dakota has historically been home to many artists, actors, and musicians, including John Lennon, who was murdered in the archway of the building in 1980.
Why was the Dakota building named the Dakota?
The building purportedly was named The Dakota because at the time of its construction, the area was sparsely inhabited and considered remote from the inhabited area of Manhattan, just as the Dakota Territory was considered remote. The earliest appearance of this story, however, was in a 1933 newspaper interview with The Dakota's long-time manager. Christopher Gray's book New York Streetscapes quotes the interaction thus: "Probably it was called 'Dakota' because it was so far west and so far north". Gray believed that the building's name stemmed from Clark's fondness for the names of the new western states and territories.
What is the Dakota used for in Rosemary's Baby?
In Roman Polanski 's 1968 film Rosemary's Baby, the Dakota was used for exterior shots of "The Bramford", the apartment building in which the story takes place. In Jack Finney 's 1970 novel Time and Again, the Dakota enables time travel.
Why was Dakota called Dakota?
Christopher Gray's book New York Streetscapes quotes the interaction thus: "Probably it was called 'Dakota' because it was so far west and so far north".
What is the significance of the Dakota?
Cultural significance. The south entrance of the building was the location of the murder of John Lennon and is prominently featured in Andrew Piddington 's 2006 film The Killing of John Lennon, although the Dakota itself was only used for exterior shots. In Roman Polanski 's 1968 film Rosemary's Baby, the Dakota was used for exterior shots ...
How many rooms are there in the Dakota?
The floors are inlaid with mahogany, oak, and cherry. Originally, The Dakota had 65 apartments with four to 20 rooms, no two apartments being alike. These apartments are accessed by staircases and elevators placed in the four corners of the courtyard.
What did the Dakota tribes do in 1837?
Between 1837 and 1858, the Dakota tribes agreed to a series of treaties that exchanged Dakota land for money and food. At the same time, the US government passed a number of policies encouraging settlement along the western frontier, including the creation of the state of Minnesota.
How long did the Dakota conflict last?
Lasting only five weeks, the conflict had a profound impact on not only the Dakota, but Native Americans across the state. The conflict can be viewed as one of the genocidal efforts to forcibly remove the Dakota from Minnesota, which also included the internment of hundreds of women, children, and elderly on Pike Island below Fort Snelling.
What is the Dakota War Trials?
The United States - Dakota War Trials: A Study of Military Injustice: Examination of the troubling impact and legacy of the Dakota trials.
What was the reward for dead Indians in the Dakota War?
US-Dakota War of 1862. “The state reward for dead Indians has been increased to $200 for every red-skin sent to Purgatory. The sum is more than all the dead bodies of all the Indians east of the Red River are worth.". The Dakota War of 1862 was a brief conflict between the Dakota people of Minnesota and settlers.
When did the Dakota Treaties come to a head?
The situation would come to a head in the summer of 1862. For more information about the treaties between the Dakota and US government, check out: MN–Dakota Treaties: Copies of many of the treaties the US government and Minnesota signed with Native American tribes, including the Dakota.
What caused the decimation of the Indian population?
These caused, together with starvation and disease, a massive decimation of the Indian population across the United States. Following these repeated attempts to destroy Native American populations, the United States government embarked on a policy of assimilation towards indigenous people into Euro-American society.
Where was the Dakota War held?
Hundreds of Dakota were held at Camp Release, near Montevideo. For more information on the war itself, check out: The Dakota War of 1862: Analysis of the conditions before, during, and after the war as well as its lasting legacy (Minnesota Historical Society).
What is the Dakota tribe?
Minnesota Indian Tribe – Dakota. Minnesota Indian Tribe – Dakota. This Minnesota Indian tribe was also given the name of Sioux, a French term. They were one of the few Minnesota Native Americans that really originated there. In fact, the Dakota tribe had prospered immensely in Minnesota. Originally, the tribe was composed of 4 bands, ...
What was the cause of the decline in the Native American population of Minnesota?
There was a decline in the population of the Native American tribes of Minnesota due to the many sicknesses brought by the Europeans. These included tuberculosis, cholera, influenza, and smallpox.
What tribes were in Minnesota?
Minnesota Indian Tribe – Ojibwa. Minnesota Indian Tribe – Ojibwa. This Native American Minnesota tribe also went with the name of Chippewa. They were fluent speakers of the Algonquian language. According to historical records, they were strongly affiliated with the Ottawa and Potawatomi tribes.
What tribes were involved in the American Revolution?
The Ojibwa tribe’s alliance with the French went even towards the context of Politics. As for the American Revolution time, this Minnesota Indian tribe gave their aid to the British armies.Their international relations also helped them do good in their trading of fur.
What did the Native Americans do in Minnesota?
Minnesota Indian tribes lived within the borders of Lake Superior. The Indian reservations in mn have made huge contributions to what has become of Minnesota in today’s time. The land was full of hills and lakes, and at the same time river valleys and ridges, making it a good living place for Native American tribes in Minnesota who were into fishing and hunting. This explained why the majority of the Minnesota tribes’ way of life was focused on hunting-gathering, farming, fishing and trapping of wild games. Moreover, according to some artifacts and remnants, Native Americans in Minnesota lived in tepees, wigwams, and longhouses. As for the dominating language, Minnesota Native American tribes were adept at speaking through Muskogean, Athabaskan, and Algonquian.
What tribes were forced to evacuate from their own reservations by the Iroquois people themselves?
Another set of tribes that were given home by he Winnebago include the Sauk and Fox who were also driven from their own reservations. These two last mentioned tribes were of bad relations with the French.
Why can't people farming in Minnesota?
The people cannot exactly do farming because the coldness was not good for planting. Additionally, the Minnesota Indian tribe also discovered their skills in pottery and making ceramics. They sided with the French people during the war. In fact, these French were even allowed to marry Chippewa women.
What happened to the Dakota people after they surrendered?
More than one-quarter of the Dakota people who surrendered in 1862 died during the following year. After their exile from Minnesota, the Dakota faced concentration onto reservations, pressure to assimilate, and opening of reservation land for white settlement.
How many Dakota soldiers died in the war?
Historians have names for 32 of the estimated 75-100 Dakota soldiers who died during the war (and before the executions on December 26). These names have been gleaned primarily from the testimony of Dakota eyewitnesses.
What does "just being Dakota" mean?
They were implicated for being Dakota. Just being Dakota means that you were guilty before any consideration of being innocent. ". Dr. Clifford Canku, Sisseton Wahpeton community of Dakota, 2010. Of the more than 600 white people killed during the war, just over 70 were soldiers, and about 50 more were armed civilians.
Who was the band leader of the Dakota diaspora?
Map of the Dakota diaspora from 1862-1870, courtesy Bob Werner. "Wakute was our band leader. Some of our relatives in the Canku family were captured in 1862 and sent to Fort Snelling. There was nine of our family that were sent there. And then the rest escaped and went to the Plains.
When did the Sioux settle in Granite Falls?
In the 1880s, more began to return from exile. Several families purchased land that eventually became the Lower Sioux community. In 1887 some Sissetons settled near Granite Falls; in 1910 they were joined by some Mdewakantons and Yanktons, forming the basis for today’s Upper Sioux community.
Overview
History
Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota (Isáŋyathi; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota (Yankton, Yanktonai) and Teton (Lakota) were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties …
Name
The word Dakota means "ally" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta ("Indian people") and Dakhóta Oyáte ("Dakota people").
Ethnic groups
The Eastern and Western Dakota are two of the three groupings belonging to the Sioux nation (also called Dakota in a broad sense), the third being the Lakota (Thítȟuŋwaŋ or Teton). The three groupings speak dialects that are still relatively mutually intelligible. This is referred to as a common language, Dakota-Lakota, or Sioux.
Language
The Dakota language is a Mississippi Valley Siouan language, belonging to the greater Siouan-Catawban language family. It is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language, and both are also more distantly related to the Stoney and Assiniboine languages. Dakota is written in the Latin script and has a dictionary and grammar.
1. Eastern Dakota (also known as Santee-Sisseton or Dakhóta)
Modern geographic divisions
The Dakota maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in North America: in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Montana in the United States; and in Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan in Canada.
The earliest known European record of the Dakota identified them in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. After the introduction of the horse in the early 18th century, the Sioux dominated larg…
Notable Dakota people
• Hazaiyankawin (Azayamankawin), Mdewakanton Dakota woman who ran canoe ferry service in Saint Paul, Minnesota
• Inkpaduta (Scarlet Point/Red End), Wahpekute Dakota war chief
• Ištáȟba (Sleepy Eye), Sisseton Dakota chief
See also
• Bdote Memory Map