bacchanal. A bacchanal is a crazed party with drunken revelry, ecstatic sexual experimentation, and wild music. Bacchus was the Roman god of wine, which loosened the chains of social restraints; and so, the name of Bacchantes
Maenad
In Greek mythology, maenads were the female followers of Dionysus and the most significant members of the Thiasus, the god's retinue. Their name literally translates as "raving ones". Maenads were known as Bassarids, Bacchae, or Bacchantes in Roman mythology after the penchant of the eq…
Bacchanalia
The Bacchanalia were Roman festivals of Bacchus based on various ecstatic elements of the Greek Dionysia. They seem to have been popular and well-organised throughout the central and southern Italian peninsula. They were almost certainly associated with Rome's native cult of Liber, and probably arrived in Rome itself around 200 BC. However, like all mystery religions of the ancient world, very little is k…
What is a bacchanal?
In modern usage, bacchanalia can mean any uninhibited or drunken revelry. The bacchanal in art describes any small group of revellers, often including satyrs and perhaps Bacchus or Silenus, usually in a landscape setting.
What was the Bacchanalia in ancient Rome?
The nocturnal version of the Bacchanalia involved wine-drinking to excess, drunkenness and the free mingling of the sexes and classes; the rites also involved loud music. [7] [2] According to Livy's account, Publius Aebutius of the Aebutia (gens) was warned against the cult and its excesses by a courtesan, Hispala Faecenia.
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How many people go to Outside Lands Bacchanal?
The three-day Outside Lands bacchanal will host 70,000 people daily in Golden Gate Park over Halloween weekend. — Fortune, 30 June 2021 There is the villa in Ostia where Marcello, undone by Steiner’s death, hosts an all-night bacchanal that spills out onto the beach at dawn.
What happens at a bacchanal?
Today, the term “bacchanal” is bandied about at almost any gathering where the guests get a bit tipsy and mildly frisky, but it originally referred to a specific ancient Roman celebration — the frenzied rites of Bacchus, god of wine and intoxication.
What is a bacchanal ritual?
Bacchanalia, also called Dionysia, in Greco-Roman religion, any of the several festivals of Bacchus (Dionysus), the wine god. They probably originated as rites of fertility gods.
Where did the word Bacchanalia come from?
Bacchanalia (n.) "drunken revelry," 1630s, from the name of the Roman festival held in honor of Bacchus, from neuter plural of Latin bacchanalis "having to do with Bacchus" (q.v.); the festivals became so notorious for excess that they were forbidden by the Senate 186 B.C.E.
What days were Bacchanalia?
September 3 was the date of the Bacchanalia, the Feast of Bacchus. Although this god had several other feast days dedicated to him, some of which fell on March 16 or 17, October 23, (perhaps) and November 24, the Bacchanalia festival of September 3 was the most important day held in his honor.
What is the purpose of Bacchanalia?
Bacchanalia were celebrations in honor of the god Bacchus in ancient Rome. They involved heavy drinking and wild behavior, as Bacchus is the god of wine. Originally open only to women and held in secret for three days every year, Bacchanalia later become open to men and were celebrated five times a month.
What is Bacchic frenzy?
Bacchic definition Drunken and carousing; bacchanalian.
Is Bacchanal a French word?
Etymology. From Latin Bacchānālis (“of or pertaining to Bacchus”).
What does the allusion of bacchanalian mean?
Bacchanal – n; wild, drunken party or rowdy celebration; from god of wine Bacchus. Bacchanalian – adj.; pertaining to a wild, drunken party or celebration from god of wine, Bacchus (Roman), Dionysus (Greek)
What happened at the Liberalia?
The Liberalia (March 17) is the festival of Liber Pater and his consort Libera. The Romans celebrated Liberalia with sacrifices, processions, ribald and gauche songs, and masks which were hung on trees. This feast celebrates the maturation of young boys to manhood.
What is Dionysus the god of?
Originally Dionysus was the Greek god of fertility. Later, he came to be known chiefly as the god of wine and pleasure. The Romans called him Bacchus.
What was the significance of the festival of Dionysus?
The Festivals Of Dionysus And Their Importance Not only did the god give them the pain-ending gift of wine, but he also gave them freedom from societal constraints. A common feature shared by many of these festivals of Dionysus was the celebration of his role as the god of the vine and viticulture.
What is the meaning of the Bacchanalia?
For the painting, see Bacchanalia (painting). The Bacchanalia (or Bacchanal / Carnival) were Roman festivals of Bacchus based on various ecstatic elements of the Greek Dionysia. They seem to have been popular and well-organised throughout the central and southern Italian peninsula. They were almost certainly associated with Rome's native cult ...
Where did the Bacchanals originate?
Despite their official suppression, illicit Bacchanals persisted covertly for many years, particularly in Southern Italy, their likely place of origin. The reformed, officially approved Bacchic cults would have borne little resemblance to the earlier crowded, ecstatic and uninhibited Bacchanalia.
What was the second Bacchanalia scandal?
The second belonging to the sexual frenzy and unpolitical cult, which focuses on the release of the sexual tension among people to appease their desires to feel connected to Bacchus.
What is the Bacchanalia cult?
Like all mystery cults, the Bacchanalia were held in strict privacy, and initiates were bound to secrecy; what little is known of the cult and its rites derives from Greek and Roman literature, plays, statuary and paintings.
What was Livy's account of the Bacchanalia?
Livy's account of the Bacchanalia has been described as "tendentious to say the least". As a political and social conservative, he had a deep mistrust of mystery religions, and probably understood any form of Bacchanalia as a sign of Roman degeneracy.
What was the Senate's intervention with the Bacchanalia?
The senatorial intervention with the Bacchanalia had nothing to do with the deity Bacchus, as they were accepting of all religions. However, the Senate was under the impression that initiates of the Bacchanalia weren't just bringing praise to the god, but planning a revolt against the Senate.
How many men and women were allowed to join Bacchus's church?
Congregations of mixed gender were permitted, but were limited to no more than two men and three women, and any Bacchanalia gathering must seek prior permission from the Senate. Men were forbidden to becoming Bacchus' priesthood.
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Overview
The Bacchanalia were unofficial, privately funded popular Roman festivals of Bacchus, based on various ecstatic elements of the Greek Dionysia. They were almost certainly associated with Rome's native cult of Liber, and probably arrived in Rome itself around 200 BC. Like all mystery religions of the ancient world, very little is known of their rites. They seem to have been popular and well-organise…
Background and development
The Bacchanalia were Roman festivals of Bacchus, the Greco-Roman god of wine, freedom, intoxication and ecstasy. They were based on the Greek Dionysia and the Dionysian Mysteries, and probably arrived in Rome c. 200 BC via the Greek colonies in southern Italy, and from Etruria, Rome's northern neighbour. Tenney Frank suggests that some form of Dionysian worship may have been introduced to Rome by captives from the formerly Greek city of Tarentum in southern I…
Bacchanalia scandal
Livy claims the earliest version of the Bacchanalia was open to women only, and held on three days of the year, in daylight; while in nearby Etruria, north of Rome, a "Greek of humble origin, versed in sacrifices and soothsaying" had established a nocturnal version, added wine and feasting to the mix, and thus acquired an enthusiastic following of women and men. The nocturnal version of the Bacchanalia involved wine-drinking to excess, drunkenness and the fre…
Reform
The Legislation of 186 survives in the form of an inscription. Known as the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, it brought the Bacchanalia under control of the Senate, and thus of the Roman pontifices. The existing cult chapters and colleges were dismantled. Congregations of mixed gender were permitted, but were limited to no more than two men and three women, and any Bacchanalia …
Interpretations
Livy's account of the Bacchanalia has been described as "tendentious to say the least". As a political and social conservative, he had a deep mistrust of mystery religions, and probably understood any form of Bacchanalia as a sign of Roman degeneracy. Though most of his dramatis personae are known historical figures, their speeches are implausibly circumstantial, and his characters, tropes and plot developments draw more from Roman satyr plays than from the Ba…
Modern usage
In modern usage, bacchanalia can mean any uninhibited or drunken revelry. The bacchanal in art describes any small group of revellers, often including satyrs and perhaps Bacchus or Silenus, usually in a landscape setting. The subject was popular from the Renaissance onwards, and usually included a large degree of nudity among the figures.
• Konstantin Makovsky, Spring Bacchanalia, 1891
See also
• Anthesteria
• Ganachakra
• Maenads, female worshippers of Dionysus
• Saturnalia, a Roman festivity
External links
• Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, in Latin at The Latin Library
• Decree of the Senate Concerning the Rites of Bacchus (Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus), in English at forumromanum.org
• Description of the Bacchanalia and the Senate's ruling, from Fordham