The carrack was the best Atlantic-tradition ship to date and was used for trade and war throughout Europe* and for exploration beyond Europe. * Carracks first reached England in the early sixteenth century, brought there by Genoese traders. The most famous English carrack, however, suffered from being a "prestige" ship.
Where was the carrack used?
Evolved from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with the newly found wealth of the trade between Europe and Africa and then the trans-Atlantic trade with the Americas.
How did the carrack help trade?
The carrack, with its sail configuration, was cheaper to crew as a merchant vessel. These became the favorite ships of the ocean-going explorers. They were more stable on the open ocean and could carry enough men and food to be a ship of exploration.
What can land on a carrack?
The Carrack's ship hangar is purposely built to fit the Anvil Pisces C8 (or C8X variant). Other ships can also fit depending on their dimensions. Ships that fit well in the Anvil Carrack hangar: Anvil Pisces (C8 & C8X)
How much could a carrack carry?
For more details see our historical page. Carracks for exploration like the Santa Maria or de Gama's San Gabriel were small, about 90 tons; but merchant ships would average 250-500 tons with a crew of 40-80 and some war ships went up to 1000 tons.
How many people could a carrack carry?
The carrack could also be used as a ship of war and carry a huge crew, which included soldiers and gunners in addition to a large complement of sailors. A few specifics: Vespucci's carrack shown in Figure 1 was said to have had a crew of about 86 people.
What ships fit inside Carrack?
Scout crafts: The Carrack houses a Pisces-class scout ship that is able to launch from it's hangar, an Ursa rover, and unmanned explorer drone pods.
Did pirates use carracks?
It was most popular at the end of the 15th and in the 16th century. In the beginning carrack were used mostly as a merchant ship. However, in the 16th century, it was upgraded with all new equipment to prevent pirate's attacks.
When was the Carrack used?
In their most advanced forms, they were used by the Portuguese for trade between Europe and Asia starting in the late 15th century, before eventually being superseded in the 17th century by the galleon, introduced in the 16th century.
What is a carrack?
carrack, sailing ship of the 14th–17th centuries that was usually built with three masts, the mainmast and foremast being rigged with square sails and the mizzenmast rigged with a fore-and-aft triangular lateen sail. Sometimes a square sail was hung beneath the bowsprit forward of the bow, and topsails were hung above the courses on ...
How big was the Carrack?
Large carracks may have reached almost 45 metres (150 feet) in length overall and more than 1,000 tons displacement.
What was the precursor of the galleon?
The carrack was the precursor of the galleon, a warship of similar rigging that was built with less cumbersome fore- and sterncastles and a greater length relative to beam. Model of a Portuguese carrack, 15th century. This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Curley, Senior Editor.
Where was the square sail hung?
Sometimes a square sail was hung beneath the bowsprit forward of the bow, and topsails were hung above the courses on the mainmast and foremast. Some larger carracks had a fourth mast, the bonaventure, stepped behind the mizzenmast to carry another lateen sail.
What is an encyclopedia editor?
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ...
How many sails does a carrack have?
A typical three-masted carrack such as the São Gabriel had six sails: bowsprit, foresail, mainsail, mizzensail and two topsails. In the middle of the 16th century the first galleons were developed from the carrack.
How many carracks did Lisbon have?
On average, 4 carracks connected Lisbon to Goa carrying gold to purchase spices and other exotic items, but mainly pepper. From Goa, one carrack went on to Ming China in order to purchase silks.
What type of ship was used in the Middle Ages?
By the Late Middle Ages the cog , and cog-like square-rigged vessels equipped with a rudder at the stern, were widely used along the coasts of Europe, from the Mediterranean, to the Baltic. Given the conditions of the Mediterranean, galley type vessels were extensively used there, as were various two masted vessels, including the caravels with their lateen sails. These and similar ship types were familiar to Portuguese navigators and shipwrights. As the Portuguese gradually extended their trade ever further south along Africa's Atlantic coast during the 15th century, they needed larger, more durable and more advanced sailing ships for their long oceanic ventures. Gradually, they developed their own models of oceanic carracks from a fusion and modification of aspects of the ship types they knew operating in both the Atlantic and Mediterranean, generalizing their use in the end of the century for inter-oceanic travel with a more advanced form of sail rigging that allowed much improved sailing characteristics in the heavy winds and waves of the Atlantic Ocean and a hull shape and size that permitted larger cargoes. In addition to the average tonnage naus, some large naus (carracks) were also built in the reign of John II of Portugal, but were only widespread after the turn of the century. The Portuguese carracks were usually very large ships for their time, often over 1000 tons, and having the future large naus of the India run and of the China and Japan trade, also other new types of design.
What is a carrack?
In its most developed form, the carrack was a carvel-built ocean-going ship: large enough to be stable in heavy seas, and for a large cargo and the provisions needed for very long voyages. The later carracks were square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen - rigged on the mizzenmast.
What are the names of the ships that Columbus built?
Columbus' Ships (G.A. Closs, 1892): The Santa Maria and Pinta are shown as carracks; the Niña (left), as a caravel. Model of the carrack Madre de Deus, in the Maritime Museum, Lisbon. Built based on another design, later in Portugal (1589), she was the largest ship in the world in her time. She had seven decks.
What was the name of the ship that was sunk by the Japanese?
Peter von Danzig, ship of the Hanseatic League in 1460s-1470s. La Gran Carracca, the ship of the Order of St. John during their rule over Malta.
Where was the Carrack built?
A carrack ( Portuguese: nau, Spanish: nao, Catalan: carraca) was a three- or four- masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal. Evolved from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with ...
What is the meaning of the word "carrack"?
Frol de la Mar (Flower of the Sea) O galeão português "Frol de la Mar". Gravura no "Roteiro de Malaca" (século XVI). The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
What type of sails did the Mizzenmast use?
The main mast always carried a square sail while the mizzenmast carried a lateen sail. The square sail was used for speed and the lateen rig allowed for maneuverability.
What type of ship did the Spanish and Portuguese build?
The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. The hull was rounded in the stern and it carried a superstructure of an aft and forecastle. These ships carried two, three or four masts and a combination of square and lateen sails were used.
How big was the Carrack?
The carrack had a wide and deep hull that allowed for bulk cargo. The smallest would be 300 to 400 tons and the largest was 1,000 to 2,000 tons. Some of the cargo included Alum (used to fix dye) and woad (a blue dye) from Genoa to England, and raw wool and wool fabric back to Genoa.
Why did the Portuguese use the Carrack?
The Portuguese adopted the carrack to move goods to Africa, India, and the Spice Islands. There was a fore and aft castle on the carrack. The forecastle was always higher that the aft castle. The carrack, with its sail configuration, was cheaper to crew as a merchant vessel.
How many modules does a carrack have?
Modules: The Carrack is capable of carrying 3 swappable modules under its belly. These modules are designed to allow the Carrack to adapt to a more specific job. The default modules on the Carrack are cargo modules, capable of carrying 456 total SCU of cargo.
What is an Anvil Carrack?
The Anvil Carrack is a multi-crew explorer that has more than earned its long-standing status as the go-to pathfinder for both military and civilian services. The Carrack comes with two additional craft - Anvil's own specially designed Pisces snub, and an RSI Ursa Rover. It is built as a single, self-sustaining ship that can make long-duration ...
What is Jared Huckaby's favorite ship?
Carrack is the favourite ship of Jared Huckaby (Disco Lando). He is forced to like the ship as he is "legally bounded by his obligation to the community to like the ship". It is originated from the ship shape segment on 2018-04-12, he asked the community to vote his favorite ship in the comments, his favourite ship officially became the Carrack on 2018-05-03.
What is the cockpit window on the Carrack?
Canopy protection: The Carrack features a beautiful single-pane multi-story cockpit window that offers an unprecedented view alongside a titanium-reinforced blast cover capable of sealing off the ship quickly when danger strikes. When in blast mode, the Carrack relies on its extensive onboard sensors for flight.
What is the upper bridge on a ship?
The lower bridge include 3 handing control seats, the center being the pilot seat. The upper bridge includes 2 crew station with 3 MFDs, and a commander station. The starboard control station is also able to control the remote turret that is located on the top of the ship.
What is self-sufficient exploration?
Self-sufficient exploration: On-board accommodations allow for truly self-sufficient flight, including crew medical and repair facilities, and a mapping-oriented sensor suite capable of always charting a route on the go.
Who designed the Carrack?
The initial concept of the ship was designed by Gurmukh Bhasin and Omar Aweidah (concept artist). It is also the first large Anvil ship that went into development. The concept art of the ship was first revealed on 2014-11-28. On 2017-10-06, the Carrack went in production on white box phrase, but stopped afterwards due to development priorities. On 2018-11-23, the Carrack resumed into production with a 5-person team from Foundry 42 UK. The ship was scaled back to roughly the original size of the concept.
How should I use Carac?
Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
What other drugs will affect Carac?
Tell each of your healthcare providers about all medicines you use, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
How to treat fluorouracil in eyes?
Rinse with water or saline if this medicine gets in your eyes. Do not let Carac build up in the skin folds around your mouth, nose, or eyes. Use caution when applying the medicine around these areas. Avoid using other medications on the areas you treat with fluorouracil unless your doctor tells you to.
What is a carac?
Carac (for the skin) is used to treat scaly overgrowths of skin (actinic or solar keratosis ). Carac is also used to treat superficial basal cell carcinoma. Carac may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
How long does it take for Carac to work?
Do not cover the treated skin area with bandaging or plastic unless your doctor tells you to. You may need to use Carac for up to 6 weeks. Treated skin may have an undesirable appearance as it heals, which may take several weeks.
What does it mean when your skin is red?
severe pain or swelling of treated skin; severe itching, burning, or irritation; new or worsening skin sores; fever, chills; or. severe stomach pain, bloody diarrhea, vomiting. Before your skin begins to heal it will become red, dry, tender, and crusty.
Overview
A carrack (Portuguese: nau, Spanish: nao, Catalan: carraca, Croatian: karaka) is a three- or four-masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal. Evolved from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with the newly found wealt…
Name
English carrack was loaned in the late 14th century, via Old French caraque, from carraca, a term for a large, square-rigged sailing vessel used in Spanish, Italian and Middle Latin.
These ships were called carraca in Portuguese and Genoese, carraca in Spanish, caraque or nef in French, and kraak in Dutch.
Origins
By the Late Middle Ages the cog, and cog-like square-rigged vessels equipped with a rudder at the stern, were widely used along the coasts of Europe, from the Mediterranean, to the Baltic. Given the conditions of the Mediterranean, galley type vessels were extensively used there, as were various two masted vessels, including the caravels with their lateen sails. These and similar ship types were …
In Asia
Starting in 1498, Portugal initiated for the first time direct and regular exchanges between Europe and India—and the rest of Asia thereafter—through the Cape Route, a voyage that required the use of more substantial vessels, such as carracks, due to its unprecedented duration, about six months.
On average, four carracks connected Lisbon to Goa carrying gold to purchase spices and other e…
Famous carracks
• Santa María, in which Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to America in 1492.
• São Gabriel, flagship of Vasco da Gama, in the 1497 Portuguese expedition from Europe to India by circumnavigating Africa.
• Flor do Mar or Flor de la Mar, as it was called, served over nine years in the Indian Ocean, sinking in 1512 with Afonso de Albuquerque after the conquest of Malacca with a huge booty, making it one of the legendary lost treasures.
Popular culture
The word caracca and derivative words is popularly used in reference to a cumbersome individual, to an old vessel, or to a vehicle in a very bad condition. The Portuguese form of Carrack, a Nau, is used as their unique unit in the Civilization V and Civilization VI strategy game.
See also
• Medieval ships
• Portuguese India Armadas
Further reading
• Kirsch, Peter (1990). The Galleon. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-546-2.
• Nair, V. Sankaran (2008). Kerala Coast: A Byway in History. (Carrack: Word Lore). Trivandrum: Folio. ISBN 978-81-906028-1-5.