What does the term noun declension mean?
Declension is when the form of a noun, pronoun, adjective, or article (such as ''the'' and ''a'' in English) changes to indicate number, grammatical case, or gender. Of course, declension does not ...
What does declensionist mean?
declensionist (English)Origin & history declension + -ist Pronunciation (Brit. Eng.) IPA: /dɪˈklɛnʃənɪst/Noun declensionist (pl. declensionists). One offering a narrative of decline.; 2009, Devin Fergus, Liberalism, Black Power, and the Making of American Politics, 1965-1980, page 338: "A second oppositional narrative to the dominant interpretation might be added, that of the declensionists.
What is another word for declension?
WORDS RELATED TO DECLENSION decadence nounperversion; deterioration of morality corruption debasement decay declension decline degeneracy degeneration degradation devolution dissipation dissolution downfall downgrade evil excess fall gluttony incontinence intemperance lasciviousness lechery lewdness licentiousness regression sensuality sybaritism
What is a sentence using the word declension?
Declension for number means it tells us whether the noun is plural or singular. Grammatical case tells us the position and function of the noun or pronoun in the sentence. For example, English has ...
What is a declension example?
For example, in a sentence saying that a ball belongs to a male person, with the ball in subject position, there is declension for case (possessive) and gender.
Whats the meaning of declension?
Definition of declension 1a : noun, adjective, or pronoun inflection especially in some prescribed order of the forms. b : a class of nouns or adjectives having the same type of inflectional forms. 2 : a falling off or away : deterioration.
What are the 5 declensions?
What Are the Latin declensions?Nominative = subjects,Vocative = function for calling, questioning,Accusative = direct objects,Genitive = possessive nouns,Dative = indirect objects,Ablative = prepositional objects.
What is a 1st declension noun?
0:246:43The First Declension - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipFirst declension nouns always end in an AE. In their genitive singular and this I will tell you thatMoreFirst declension nouns always end in an AE. In their genitive singular and this I will tell you that a noun is in the first declension. The endings for the first declension are ah. I I am ah.
What are declensions used for?
In Latin, not only is word order used to indicate what role a noun plays in a sentence or clause, but also what is called a declension and case. A case tells the speaker or reader what the noun does or is doing, and the declension of the noun decides how the case will look.
How do we choose noun declension?
1:184:22Basics of Declension - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipCase form gladium ends in an ohm. So this word must be second declension filium must be firstMoreCase form gladium ends in an ohm. So this word must be second declension filium must be first declension because of the arm. And leg aeonium must be third declension because of the M oh.
What are the 1st declension noun endings?
Regardless of English pronunciation, THE 1st DECLENSION LATIN NOUN CAN BE INDENTIFIED AS A FORM ENDING IN –a (SINGULAR) and –ae (PLURAL). That is a simple and entirely dependable fact.
How many declensions of nouns are there?
five declensionsThere are five declensions, which are numbered and grouped by ending and grammatical gender. Each noun follows one of the five declensions, but some irregular nouns have exceptions.
How do you know if a noun is third declension?
You can identify third declension nouns by their genitive singular ending '-is'. To decline a third declension noun: find the genitive singular, which will end '-is'
What is a 2nd declension noun?
The 2nd declension is subdivided into two different forms of noun, one ending in -us (predominantly masculine in gender) and a second ending in -um (invariably neuter). In each type, the BASE can be found by removing that final -us or -um.
What are 4th declension nouns?
Fourth declension nouns These are. usually masculine and end '-us' in the nominative singular. sometimes feminine and end '-us' in the nominative singular. occasionally neuter and end '-u' in the nominative singular. always ended with '-us' in the genitive singular.
What is the difference between 1st and 2nd declension?
1st declension nouns are (almost always) feminine in gender. 2nd declension nouns are masculine or neuter. Again, the gender is arbitrary, but the declension patterns are associated with certain grammatical genders. Adjectives, however, have no inherent gender.
What does 1st declension mean in Latin?
The first declension is a category of declension that consists of mostly feminine nouns in Ancient Greek and Latin with the defining feature of a long ā (analysed as either a part of the stem or a case-ending).
Does English use declension?
In English, the only words that are marked formally are pronouns and the "declension" of pronouns shows three cases: The subject case, the object case, and the possessive case. Examples: "I, me, my/mine" and "he, him, his." Other words distinguish their syntactic usage within a sentence by their word position.
How do you use declension in a sentence?
How to use Declension in a sentence. Aryan declension naturally disappeared with the loss of final syllables. Under the new covenant, sensual and carnal worship entering the gospel temple is often an evidence of spiritual declension.
What is 3rd declension gender?
The third declension has nouns of all genders, including the neuter. Unlike the regular masculine/feminine declension, neuter nouns must follow our rules of neuter, which makes their declension slightly different.
What does declension mean in English?
In most languages, declension for number simply means indicating whether something is plural or singular. In English, for regular nouns, this means that an ''s'' or ''es'' is added to the end of a word to indicate plurality.
What is declension in language?
As we saw, declension is when the form of a noun, pronoun, adjective, or article changes to indicate number, grammatical case, or gender. Even though different languages use declension to different degrees, the actual process is evident cross-linguistically, or across languages.
What does declension mean in grammatical case?
Grammatical case tells us the position and function of the noun or pronoun in the sentence.
Why is declension present in every sentence?
Declension is present in every sentence because all sentences must have a noun or pronoun. At the very least, declension tells you if the noun or pronoun is plural or singular. Now let's look at some Spanish examples. Since nouns in Spanish are gendered, declension can be more obvious.
What is the process of declension?
Declension is the name for the process behind all of these changes. It's an extremely important grammatical concept because it tells us quite a bit about what's going on in the sentence and what's happening to the noun while providing information about the noun. Lesson Summary.
Is declension a pronoun?
For example, in a sentence saying that a ball belongs to a male person, with the ball in subject position, there is declension for case (possessive) and gender. The form of the pronoun, then, would be ''his'':
Is declension the same in every language?
Of course, declension does not appear the same way in every language. For example, English only has three grammatical cases, but German has four, and Russian has six. As a result, declension can seem somewhat more complex in Russian.
What is a noun case?
A noun case represents the grammatical role that a noun plays in a sentence. There are seven noun cases of which you should be aware: the nominative, the accusitive, the genitive, the prepositional (locative), the dative, the instrumental, and the vocative.
What does the vocative mean in Latin?
Vocative. Reflective its Latin root meaning "to call", the vocative is used for calling someone or something. It indicates a noun that is being addressed. In the example: John, be careful on that wet floor. John is being addressed and would be in the vocative case.
Do declensions have to be in English?
grammar. The declension of nouns is often a scary topic for native English speakers, but it doesn't have to be. Just because most of our nouns don't change (some still do!) it doesn't mean that we don't still have those grammatical parts in our sentences.
Do German nouns change?
While this goes mostly unused in English, however, it will be necessary in many other languages. The endings of German nouns change as they are declined through the first four cases. Russian noun endings change for the first six. Ukrainian and Polish nouns go though all seven. And it looks like Turkish (a language in which I have future interest) uses additional, less common cases that aren't even on this list!
Is "I" a nominative or indirect pronoun?
The personal pronoun I can only be used as the subject of a sentence, so it is nominative. The pronoun me, however, can be a direct object (accusative), an indirect object (dative), or as an instrument by adding "by" or "with". And in the genitive, we must use mine.
Do Germanic languages use pronouns?
In Latin-based languages, understanding of these parts of speech is mostly only necessary for pronouns. However, Germanic languages decline nouns through several of these cases, and Slavic languages use them all! There may be many more cases ( Finnish appears to have fifteen!) which are necessary in some other language I don't know about yet, but for now let's cover the seven basic cases.
Is "declining" a noun?
Noun declension (declining a noun through its cases) is mostly unused in the English language, except for personal pronouns and occasional (often ignored) grammatical constructs like choosing whether to use who or whom. The personal pronoun I can only be used as the subject of a sentence, so it is nominative.
What does it mean when you decline a noun?
When we decline a noun, that means that we give a list of its forms in all the different cases. We can call this list of forms a declension or a paradigm.
Why is it important to group nouns into categories?
Why? Well, because this way, instead of memorizing case endings for every single noun, you can simply memorize endings for one example noun per declension. Then, whenever you need to decline a noun, you can apply the standard endings of whatever declension it belongs to.
Do pronouns and adjectives work the same way?
NOTE: Pronouns and adjectives are also declined in many languages. Pronoun and adjective declensions work in the same way that noun declensions do, and in fact often have very similar case endings.
Do all languages have declensions?
Not all languages with cases divide their nouns up into declensions in this way, but all these languages will have some sort of noun categories. In Polish, for instance, there are three broad divisions into masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, and then there are further subcategories in each gender. Nouns in the same subcategories are declined in the same way (that is, they have the same case endings).
What is the change of the form of a word called?
In linguistics, declension is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. The inflectional change of verbs is called conjugation .
What are the five cases of Latin nouns?
There are five important cases for Latin nouns: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative. Since the vocative case usually takes the same form as the nominative, it is seldom spelt out in grammar books. Yet another case, the locative, is limited to a small number of words.
What is an inflected language?
Inflected languages have a far more complicated set of declensions, where the suffixes (or prefixes or infixes) change depending on the gender of the noun, the quantity of the noun, and other possible factors. Many of these languages lack articles.
Is "british" a declension?
There can be other derivations from nouns that are not usually considered declensions. For example, the proper noun Britain has the associated descriptive adjective British and the dem onym Briton. Though these words are clearly related and are generally considered cognates, they are not specifically treated as forms of the same word and thus not declensions.
Do most people pronounce girl as possessive?
Most speakers pronounce all of the forms other than the singular plain form ( girl) exactly the same ( though the elided possessive-indicating s of the plural possessive may be realised as [z] in some speakers' pronunciations, being separated from the plural-indicating s normally by a central vowel such as [ɨ̞]).
Is declension a noun?
Further information: Old English grammar § Nouns. In Modern English, the system of declensions is so simple compared to some other languages that the term declension is rarely used. Most nouns in English have distinct singular and plural forms and have distinct plain and possessive forms.
What is the declension of a noun?
Declension of Nouns : Substantives have inflections of case to indicate their grammatical relations to verbs, to prepositions or to other substantives. There are three cases…..the nominative, the possessive and the objective. The nominative and the objective case of a noun are always alike in form. In some pronouns, however, there is ...
What does it mean to decline a noun?
To decline a noun is to give its case-forms in order, first in the singular number and then in the plural. Thus…. The nominative case is used in the following constructions. The subject of a verb is in the nominative case.
What is a substantive exclamation?
A substantive used as an exclamation is called an exclamatory nominative (or nominative of exclamation ).
Is a vocative a nominative?
Note : A vocative word is sometimes said to be independent by direct address, because it stands by itself, unconnected with any verb. That a vocative is really in the nominative case may be seen in the use of the pronoun thou in this construction such as…..I will arrest thee, thou traitor.
Is "face" singular or plural?
Face is in the singular number. Men is in the plural. A substantive standing in the predicate, but describing or defining the subject, agrees with the subject in case and is called a predicate nominative . A predicate nominative is also called a subject complement or an attribute . Lobsters are crustaceans.
Is the objective case of a noun the same as the nominative case?
The nominative and the objective case of a noun are always alike in form. In some pronouns, however, there is a difference (I, me; he, him). The inflection of a substantive is called its declension. To decline a noun is to give its case-forms in order, first in the singular number and then in the plural. Thus….
What is a noun?
A noun is a person, place or thing.
Is the first part of a noun the same?
The first part of a noun stays the same , but endings are added to give different meanings:
Do all Latin nouns have genders?
All Latin nouns have a gender – they are either masculine, feminine or neuter. Even charters and parishes have a gender! In English we give some nouns a gender, for example we sometimes describe ships as ‘she’.
What is a declension pattern?
Declension. Declensions are patterns of endings for nouns. If you remember, the ending of a noun is based on its case and number. However, there are different endings for each combination of case and number in each declension.
How many declensions are there in Latin?
There are five declensions in Latin, and they don't have any special names like the cases do; they're just called by their order: first declension, second declension, third declension, fourth declension, and fifth declension.
What does declension mean in linguistics?
Based on Wikipedia article, in linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number (at least singular and plural), case (nominative or subjective, genitive or possessive, etc.), and gender.
What is the verb corresponding to declension?
The verb corresponding to declension is decline. However, your example of day - daily is not an example of declension. It is an example of word formation (with the adverbial suffix -ly). Declension adds/changes inflections, not suffixes.
What is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number?
Based on Wikipedia article, in linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number (at least singular and plural), case (nominative or subjecti...
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Is "declension" a verb?
Declension is a noun. What is a proper verb to say "I want to say different words that appeared from the word day - days, daily etc". How to say it in one word in English?
Nominative
Accusative
Dative
- Latin root of the word dative means to give, and the dative case represents the recipient. It is the indirect object, or the recipient, of the action. In the example: His friendis the recipient of the verb to give, and would be said to be in the dative case.
genitive
- The word genitive comes from the Greek word genesis, meaning the origin or the source. This case is used to indicate possession, measure, or origin of something else, usually another noun. It's easiest to think of it as the part that follows the word "of" or "from" in a phrase. In the example: The wateris the thing being measured, so it would be in the genitive case. To be clear, let's look …
Prepositional
- The root position in the word prepositional gives away the fact that what's important here is location. No surprise that this is also sometimes known as the locativecase. The prepositional case denotes a spatial or temporal relation or location. In the example: The hallwayis the location where the action occurred, and would be in the prepositional case.
Instrumental
- An instument is something you use to perform some task, and a noun in the instrumental case is used to carry out the action in a sentence. In the example: His mopis the instrument being used by the janitor to carry out the action, and would be said to be in the instrumental case.
Vocative
- Reflective its Latin root meaning "to call", the vocative is used for calling someone or something. It indicates a noun that is being addressed. In the example: Johnis being addressed and would be in the vocative case.
in Summary...
- Noun declension (declining a noun through its cases) is mostly unused in the English language, except for personal pronouns and occasional (often ignored) grammatical constructs like choosing whether to use who or whom. The personal pronoun I can only be used as the subject of a sentence, so it is nominative. The pronoun me, however, can be a direc...
An Overview of Declension
- What is declension?
Declensionrefers to the changes that a noun (or pronoun or adjective) undergoes to indicate its role in a sentence. In many languages, declension involves changing the endings on the noun. These changeable endings are called case endings. So, when we decline a noun, this means tha… - Case and Number
What, you may ask, is the point of declension? Ultimately, it is to give us information about a noun so we know how it fits into a sentence. There are two main properties that declension clarifies: case and number. Every noun has both case and number. A noun’s case tells you what it is doin…
What Is A Declension?
- So far I have explained the general meaning of declension: a blanket term for variation in noun endings. But what is a declension? What does it mean to write out the declension of a noun or to find a noun’s declension? Here’s the thing. There are actually two more specific definitions of declension. And this is where most of the confusion arises for students. We will look at these tw…
Final Thoughts on Declensions
- I hope that you now understand declensions a bit better. To summarize: declension, broadly speaking, refers to any variation that a noun undergoes to clarify its meaning and role in a sentence. But remember that we also have two specific definitions of a declension: 1. a list of all the case forms of a noun (also called a paradigm) 2. a group or category of nouns This post foc…
Overview
In linguistics, declension (verb: to decline) is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. Declensions may apply to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and articles to indicate number (e.g. singular, dual, plural), case (e.g. nominative case, accusative case, genitive case, dative case), gender (e.g. masculine, neuter, feminine), and a number of other grammatical categories. Meanwhile, the inflectional change of …
English explanation
Unlike English, many languages use suffixes to specify subjects and objects and word cases in general. Inflected languages have a freer word order than modern English, an analytic language in which word order identifies the subject and object. As an example, even though both of the following sentences consist of the same words, the meaning is different:
• "The dog chased a cat."
History
It is agreed that Ancient Greeks had a "vague" idea of the forms of a noun in their language. A fragment of Anacreon seems to confirm this idea. Nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that the Ancient Greeks actually knew what the cases were. The Stoics developed many basic notions that today are the rudiments of linguistics. The idea of grammatical cases is also traced back to the Stoics, but it's still not completely clear what the Stoics exactly meant with their notion of cases.
Modern English
In Modern English, the system of declensions is so simple compared to some other languages that the term declension is rarely used.
Most nouns in English have distinct singular and plural forms. Nouns and most noun phrases can form a possessive construction. Plurality is most commonly shown by the ending -s (or -es), whereas possession is always shown by the enclitic -'s or, for plural forms ending in s, by just an …
Latin
Just as verbs in Latin are conjugated to indicate grammatical information, Latin nouns and adjectives that modify them are declined to signal their roles in sentences. There are five important cases for Latin nouns: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative. Since the vocative case usually takes the same form as the nominative, it is seldom spelt out in grammar books. Yet another case, the locative, is limited to a small number of words.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit, another Indo-European language, has eight cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative and instrumental. Some do not count vocative as a separate case, despite it having a distinctive ending in the singular, but consider it as a different use of the nominative.
Sanskrit grammatical cases have been analyzed extensively. The grammarian Pāṇini identified si…
Declension in specific languages
• Albanian declension
• Arabic ʾIʿrab
• Basque declension
• Hindi declension
• Ancient Greek and Latin First declension
See also
• Grammatical conjugation
• Grammatical case
• Strong inflection
• Weak inflection