What is an offensive attack on a fire?
Offensive attack is an advance into the fire building by the firefighters with hoselines or other extinguishing agents that are intended to overpower the fire. Offensive operations are generally performed in the interior of involved structures that involve a direct attack on a fire to directly control and extinguish the fire.
What is the fire attack topic?
The fire attack topic is all about fireground operations, from how firefighters assess and approach a working fire to the high-level command strategies to effectively manage the scene and the tactics they use to knock it down.
What are the different types of fire attacks?
Hidden Attacks: Channel attacks through a medium. Missile Generation: Create missiles of fire. Omnidirectional Fire Waves: Send out a wave of fire in all directions. Reflective Attacks: Release attacks of fire that can bounce off of any surface. Scatter Shot: Release flame blasts that split into multiple fragments.
What is the purpose of an indirect attack on a fire?
To completely stop the combustion process. Indirect attack is a firefighting operation involving the application of extinguishing agents to reduce the buildup of heat released from a fire without applying the agent directly onto the burning fuel (P. 1830, NFPA Glossary of Terms, 2018 Edition.)
What is offensive fire attack?
Offensive attack means that hoselines are moved forward in an offensive manner, whether deployed through a window or door opening or from the interior of the structure. The initial incident commander at a dwelling fire must decide whether to initially make an offensive-exterior attack or offensive-interior attack.
What is a direct fire attack?
Any treatment applied directly to burning fuel such as wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating the burning from unburned fuel.
How many types of fire attack?
We have two basic fire attack modes: offensive and defensive. Attack modes can be easily defined as where the nozzle will end up. If the fire attack starts exterior and stays exterior, you're in a defensive attack mode. If the fire attack mode ends on the interior, it's an offensive attack mode.
What is the best method for fire attack?
Direct Attack Perhaps the most widely known technique – this suffocates the flames as the water is aimed at the base of the fire. Aiming the stream of water at the base of the fire, this technique works best using a concentrated, powerful jet of water that suffocates the flames.
What is indirect fire attack?
A method of suppression in which the control line is located some considerable distance away from the fire's active edge. Generally done in the case of a fast-spreading or high-intensity fire and to utilize natural or constructed firebreaks or fuel breaks and favorable breaks in the topography.
What does the a in laces stand for?
As an acronym, LACES stands for Lookout(s) - Anchor point(s) - Communication(s) - Escape routes - Safety zone(s) and has gradually become a guideline for wildland firefighter safety in various regions of Canada over the past 15 years or so.
What are the 4 types of fires?
Let's break down each of the 5 different classes of fires more thoroughly.Class A Fires: “Ordinary” Fires. ... Class B Fires: Liquids & Gases. ... Class C Fires: Electrical Fires. ... Class D Fires: Metallic Fires. ... Class K Fires: Grease Fires or Cooking Fires. ... Choose the Right Fire Extinguisher. ... Complete Regular Training.More items...•
Why do firefighters cut holes in roofs?
When a hole is made in the roof, and the building is “vented,” the smoke and gases escape because heat and smoke rise. It increases the victim's chance for survival and makes it much easier for the firefighters in the building to see.
How do you do fire fighting?
Take Flight If you do not attempt to extinguish the fire, your only course of action is to evacuate the building. During evacuation you should take the following actions: Evacuate the room and close the door behind you to confine the fire. Activate the fire alarm system to notify building occupants of the emergency.
What are the 3 elements of fire?
Oxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to as the "fire triangle." Add in the fourth element, the chemical reaction, and you actually have a fire "tetrahedron." The important thing to remember is: take any of these four things away, and you will not have a fire or the fire will be extinguished.
How does wetting help fight wildfires?
Plain water vs. Fire Cap Plus is a wetting agent that lowers the surface tension of water. When a mixture of water and Fire Cap Plus is applied to these "hard to penetrate" fuel sources, the mixture is quickly absorbed, helping to reach the seat of the fire faster.
What are the four main techniques involved in fire fighting?
The acronym PASS is used to describe these four basic steps.Pull (Pin) Pull pin at the top of the extinguisher, breaking the seal. ... Aim. Approach the fire standing at a safe distance. ... Squeeze. Squeeze the handles together to discharge the extinguishing agent inside. ... Sweep.
Who died in the 2021 fire?
Explosions, fire at multiple Pa. homes caused by homemade fireworks. – Jun 11, 2021. Thomas Razzi died in the blaze, which investigators say he intentionally set after being confronted by a code-enforcement officer.
When did the California house fire happen in 2021?
5K rounds of ammunition explode at Calif. house fire. – May 17, 2021 4. Atascadero firefighter battled the blaze from the exterior, including flames that spread to half an acre of vegetation. Load More.
How do engine company personnel attack fire?
Engine company personnel perform aggressive fire attack by quickly stretching an attack hoseline to the seat of a fire and delivering as much water as possible to overcome and kill the fire. This is where the officer’s and firefighters’ experience and knowledge come into play.
What is the strategic point of firefighting?
A strategic point of firefighting to remember is, “Keep your firefighting simple, because the fire will make it complex enough for you!”. The more steps you add to your fire attack plan, the more likely it is that you will take unnecessary time before attacking a fire.
Why does another engine crew stretches a second hoseline from the attack engine to the attic area above?
While fire attack is taking place, another engine crew stretches a second hoseline from the attack engine to the attic area above because fire has extended there and is rolling around and out the front window. They are successful in holding the fire at that point.
What are the two things that should be considered when opening a fire?
Whoever is assigned ventilation at a structure fire should be able to perform the basics of opening a building with two things in mind: life and fire concerns. Nozzles, hose, and fire attack. Good, aggressive, offensive firefighting means taking an offensive approach, even when conditions are tough.
What is efficiency in firefighting?
Efficiency is being able to attack and hold your position and kill the enemy. In today’s fire service, promoting teamwork is absolutely critical to a department’s overall skills and abilities. Firefighting is an experienced-based profession, continually learned over time.
Why does the fireman aim the stream up overhead?
Occasionally, he aims the stream up overhead as a precautionary measure to stop anything from passing behind the attack crew. It takes a lot of effort and coordination, but the reach, force, and volume of the stream start making an impact on the fire.
Why is fire load so heavy?
Sometimes the fire load is heavy because the building is used for warehousing. Strategic and tactical considerations are the age and volume capacity of the municipal water system and hydrant availability, especially during a heavy fire condition where there is extension within and to other buildings.
What is the name of the fire dragon slayer?
As the Fire Dragon Slayer, Natsu Dragneel (Fairy Tail) has a variety of powerful fire-based attacks he can use during combat, like his Crimson Lotus: Exploding Flame Blade ... Roy Mustang (Fullmetal Alchemist) using his Fire Alchemy to destroy Envy. Mega Charizard X (Pokémon Origins) using " Fire Blast ".
What fire style does Sasuke use?
Sasuke Uchiha (Naruto) using Fire Style/Release: Great Dragon Fire Technique to fire off a dragon-shaped fireball... ...and later uses Amaterasu, the highest level of Fire Style/Release... ... Inferno Style/Blaze Release: Honoikazuchi to shape the black flames of Amaterasu into spikes...
Can a user use fire to attack?
The user can utilize fire to attack targets. The exact nature of this attack may come in various shapes and sizes, intensities, or forms. For example, one user may hurl explosive balls of fire while another may augment other forms of attack with fire.
Why should fog streams be injected into fire areas?
Fog streams should be remotely injected into the fire area at the highest possible level from positions outside the involved building due to the danger of steam burns to nozzle crews. The fire should be sufficiently well-developed, as fires in the first phase or early second phase are effectively suppressed using direct methods.**.
Should doors and windows be shut in a fire building?
Doors and windows in the fire building should be intact (shut), and ventilation must be delayed until after the injection of water fog has ceased. Indirect attack methods, while potentially effective, have a limited range of application on the fireground and must be carefully employed to achieve satisfactory results.
What are the three fire attack options?
The IC has three fire attack options: offensive, transitional or defensive fire attack. (Photo/Mike Meadows) When the goal is to extinguish a fire, the incident commander must decide on an offensive, transitional or defensive fire attack. The operation must first begin with size-up to enable the incident commander to decide which mode ...
How many sides does a fire burn?
A fire will burn on six sides, four walls, a ceiling and a floor. Make sure fire is extinguished in all sides. Finally, always coordinate interior fire attacks with exterior operations. This article, originally published in 2009, has been updated.
Why are hose lines used in transitional attacks?
In a transitional attack, hose lines are used to protect crews for rescue support, not for fire extinguishment. The purpose is to accomplish a known rescue and get out, which may force a change in the two-in-two-out thinking mentality.
What is offensive mode?
Offensive mode. An offensive mode involves taking direct action to mitigate the problem. This means an aggressive interior attack will be used because initial crews believe there is a chance that occupants may be inside the structure and conditions may be such that they could still be alive.
When should a defensive operation be initiated?
A defensive operation should be initiated when fire conditions prevent an interior attack such as when the structure is unsafe for firefighters to enter and no civilian lives can be saved and when the fire is beyond the control of hand lines. During the defensive operation, place large exterior fire streams between the fire and ...
Can you stretch a dry line into a fire compartment?
Never stretch a dry line into the fire compartment . If the next in engine may not get on scene before your water tank is empty, get your own water supply line when possible. Advise ability to obtain a water supply line with initial size-up report.
What is transitional fire attack?
Transitional modes of fire attack consist of a combination of offensive and defensive attacks. For example, there’s the offensive/defensive mode. Consider this: On arrival, heavy fire conditions in a residential structure might be a specific cue for a defensive attack. However, although a fire might have control of the better part of the building, ...
Why is an offensive attack required?
This can occur because of increased fire conditions, structural failure, multiple collapse indicators, interior reports of lack of progress, etc.
What can master streams do in a blitz attack?
If the fire is beyond the capability of handlines to control, master streams can be utilized to knock down the fire in a blitz attack. After knockdown, the building can be checked for structural stability and, if sound, an offensive-interior attack can commence.
What does IC stand for in firefighting?
The incident commander (IC) must be prepared to write off parts of buildings or even entire buildings if they are past the capability of a department to save them. Failure to give up a building that already is lost and concentrating resources on it result in chasing a fire.
When to use defensive or offensive?
A defensive/offensive attack can be used when the amount of fire is beyond the control of handheld hoselines or when resources that are on scene are insufficient to mount an offensive interior attack. If the fire is beyond the capability of handlines to control, master streams can be utilized to knock down the fire in a blitz attack.
What is defensive mode?
Defensive mode. Exterior or defensive operations should be initiated when: A fire is beyond the control of handheld hoselines. There are heavy fire conditions and no civilians are in the fire building, or the amount and location of the fire precludes that any people who are inside still are alive. Insufficient resources are on scene.