Flashcards | Quizlet What is a Gene? A gene is a region of DNA that can be expressed to produce a final functional product that can either be a polypeptide or RNA molecule
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What is a gene and its function?
Genes are responsible for all aspects of life. Genes are a section of DNA that are in charge of different functions like making proteins. Long strands of DNA with lots of genes make up chromosomes. DNA molecules are found in chromosomes. Chromosomes are located inside of the nucleus of cells. Each chromosome is one long single molecule of DNA.
Where are genes located Quizlet?
Where are genes located in the cell quizlet? Genes are located on chromosomes, which are large pieces of DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus. Where are genes located What is the function of gene? Genes are a section of DNA that are in charge of different functions like making proteins. Long strands of DNA with lots of genes make up ...
Which is the most precise definition of a gene?
The gene is considered the basic unit of inheritance. Genes are passed from parents to offspring and contain the information needed to specify physical and biological traits. Most genes code for specific proteins, or segments of proteins, which have differing functions within the body. Humans have approximately 20,000 protein-coding genes.
What is an organism containing a new gene?
Genes from different organisms that have been cut and pasted together are called transgenes. An organism whose genome contains a transgene is considered to be transgenic. In the news, transgenic organisms are often referred to as genetically modified organisms or GMOs. Transgenic animals have uses in research, the medical field, and agriculture.
How to translate DNA sequence into protein sequence?
You would translate the DNA sequence into a protein sequence using any translation software tool (e.g. translate from ExPasy). Using the longest Open reading Frame (ORF) you would then perform a BLAST search of the protein RefSeq database on NCBI
Where are b. genes found?
b. Are found only in protein coding genes
What is the difference between a protein coding region and a coding region?
The protein coding region is the part of the gene which sequence is directly providing the information for the amino acid sequence. The coding region is made of the protein coding region and the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR).
What is the term for a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes?
trait . A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. genetics. The scientific study of heredity. fertilization. The process in which an egg and sperm cell join to form a new organism. purebred. The offspring of many generations that have the same traits. gene.
What is the definition of phenotype?
phenotype. An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. homozygous. Having two identical alleles for a trait. heterozygous. Having two different alleles for a trait. heredity. The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
What is purebred genetics?
purebred. The offspring of many generations that have the same traits. gene. The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. alleles. The different forms of a gene. dominant allele.
What is a hybrid organism?
hybrid. An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is a heterozygous for a particular trait. probability. A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. Punnett square. A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
What is the process by which the genetic code - the nucleotide sequence - of a gene?
The process by which the genetic code - the nucleotide sequence - of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are known as 'structural genes'. Click again to see term 👆. Tap again to see term 👆.
What are the two main stages of gene expression?
The process of gene expression involves two main stages: Transcription. Translation. Transcription. The production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule. Translation.
What is the process of transcription?
Transcription. 1. Initiation. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the template strand. 2. Elongation. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesising an mRNA molecule.
What is the RNA polymerase?
In prokaryotes RNA polymerase is a holoenzyme consisting of a number of subunits, including a sigma factor (transcription factor) that recognises the promoter. In eukaryotes there are three RNA polymerases: I, II and III. The process includes a proofreading mechanism. 3.
What is the most economical method of gene regulation?
control the rate and manner of gene expression. Mechanisms of gene regulation. Regulating the rate of transcription. This is the most economical method of regulation. Regulating the processing of RNA molecules, including alternative splicing to produce more than one protein product from a single gene.
What is the start site of a gene?
A start site for transcription. A promoter. A region a few hundred nucleotides 'upstream' of the gene (toward the 5' end). It is not transcribed into mRNA, but plays a role in controlling the transcription of the gene.
Which end of the mRNA molecule is the ribosome binds to?
The small subunit of the ribosome binds at the 5' end of the mRNA molecule and moves in a 3' direction until it meets a start codon (AUG). It then forms a complex with the large unit of the ribosome complex and an initiation tRNA molecule. 2. Elongation.
How many copies of each gene are there?
Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute ...
What are alleles in biology?
Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person’s unique physical features. Scientists keep track of genes by giving them unique names.
What is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity?
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
