What is a hematometra or hemometra?
Hematometra, also known as hemometra or post abortion syndrome, is a medical term which describes an accumulation of blood clots in the uterus and affects the fertility of women. It can be caused by a series of medical problems or diseases, and the treatment consists in detecting the source of blood.
What is hematometra (post abortion syndrome)?
Hematometra, also known as hemometra or post abortion syndrome, is a medical term which describes an accumulation of blood clots in the uterus and affects the fertility of women. It can be caused by a series of medical problems or diseases, and the treatment consists in detecting the source of blood. What Is Hematometrocolpos?
What is cervical dilation and hematometra?
Cervical dilation is also a common surgical intervention utilised to drain the uterus 2. Hematometra develops when the uterus becomes distended with blood secondary to an obstruction of the lower reproductive tract -the uterus, cervix or vagina – which should otherwise allow the flow of menstrual blood 3.
What is hematometrocolpos?
Hematometrocolpos defines as blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina. If noticed in the newborn period, it often happens because of congenital obstruction. If seen later, the most often cause is imperforate hymen along with transverse vaginal septum. What Is Hematocolpos?
How do you treat hematometra?
Hematometra is usually treated by surgical cervical dilation to drain the blood from the uterus. Other treatments target the underlying cause of the hematometra; for example, a hysteroscopy may be required to resect adhesions that have developed following a previous surgery.
Does hematometra go away?
If the hematometra is caused by obstruction of the cervical canal by adhesions (scar tissue) or remnants of foetal membranes after abortion, it can usually be surgically managed and fertility can be successfully restored.
Can hematometra be cancerous?
Hematometra is pathognomonic of endometrial cancer. Only about 15 percent of women seeking advice for postmenopausal bleeding have endometrial cancer, according to a study published in The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist.
What is hematometra in ultrasound?
Background. Hematometra is a pathologic collection of blood in the uterus. It is a rare condition that is most commonly associated with congenital anomalies or prior surgical procedures causing an obstruction of the genitourinary outflow tract.
Is hematometra serious?
Hematometra is a rare but potential cause of pelvic pain in women, especially those who may have undergone cervical procedures leading to scarring.
How is hematometra diagnosed?
The diagnosis of hematometra is generally suspected by the history of amenorrhea and cyclic abdominal pain. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by vaginal ultrasound or probing the cervix with a narrow metal dilator, with release of dark brownish black blood from the endocervical canal.
What are the symptoms of hematometra?
Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention.
Does hematometra cause back pain?
Reproductive tract (Mullerian) anomalies causing an accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes represent an unusual extraspinal cause of low-back pain. The accumulation of blood in these cavities is termed hematocolpos, hematometra, and hematosalpinx.
Why is my uterus filled with blood?
Hematometra is a collection or retention of blood in the uterus most commonly due to an imperforate hymen or transverse vaginal septum. Acquired causes leading to cervical stenosis include radiation treatment, ablation, cervical conization, or malignancies. Diagnosis can be confirmed with pelvic exam and ultrasound.
What type of fluid is found in a uterus that has hematometra?
Hematometra is a pathologic collection of blood in the uterus. It is a rare condition that is most commonly associated with congenital anomalies or prior surgical procedures causing an obstruction of the genitourinary outflow tract.
Why is my uterus filled with blood?
Hematometra is a collection or retention of blood in the uterus most commonly due to an imperforate hymen or transverse vaginal septum. Acquired causes leading to cervical stenosis include radiation treatment, ablation, cervical conization, or malignancies. Diagnosis can be confirmed with pelvic exam and ultrasound.
What is the meaning of mild hematometra?
Background. Hematometra or hemometra is a medical condition involving collection or retention of blood in the uterus. It is most commonly caused by congenital abnormalities of the cervix or uterus. 1,2. Less commonly it can be acquired due to processes that cause obstruction of the cervical canal.
What causes blood to pool in the uterus?
Abnormal uterine bleeding is bleeding between monthly periods, prolonged bleeding or an extremely heavy period. Possible causes include fibroids, polyps, hormone changes and — in rare cases — cancer.
What is the difference between hematometra and hematocolpos?
Obstruction within the distal vagina is usually responsible for the development of a hematocolpos. If there is a backup of blood or fluid in the vagina, this may extend into the uterine cavity and result in an associated hematometra.
What is the term for accumulation of blood in the uterus?
Hematometra. Hematometra is accumulation of blood in the uterus, which can cause uterine distortion, a mass, or cervical bulging. From: Global Health Complications of Obesity, 2020. Download as PDF.
Is intracavitary fluid hematometra?
Intracavitary fluid may be hematometra, as in the case of obstructed outflow in an elderly patient with an imperforate hymen or cervical stenosis (Fig. 19-13 ). As discussed earlier, 3D ultrasound can be helpful in evaluating a complex combined uterine and vaginal malformation (see Fig. 19-11 ). Displaying the intracavitary fluid (at SIS) also helps define endometrial pathology (see Fig. 18-30 ). Using the inversion rendering mode is advantageous when the endometrial cavity contains significant amounts of native or injected fluid.
What is a hematometra?
The cervix is located to the left in the image, and the fundus is located to the right. Hematometra is a medical condition involving collection or re tention of blood in the uterus.
Why does hematometra occur?
Other causes are acquired, such as cervical stenosis, intrauterine adhesions, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. Additionally, hematometra may develop as a complication of uterine or cervical surgery such as endometrial ablation, where scar tissue in the endometrium can "wall off" sections of endometrial glands and stroma causing blood ...
How to diagnose hematometra?
Although hematometra can often be diagnosed based purely on the patient's history of amenorrhea and cyclic abdominal pain, as well as a palpable pelvic mass on examination, the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound, which will show blood pooled in the uterus and an enlargement of the uterine cavity. A pyelogram or laparoscopy may assist in diagnosing any congenital disorder that is suspected to be the underlying cause of the hematometra.
What is the pathophysiology of hematometra?
Pathophysiology. Hematometra develops when the uterus becomes distended with blood secondary to obstruction or atresia of the lower reproductive tract—the uterus, cervix or vagina —which would otherwise provide an outflow for menstrual blood .
Is hematometra asymptomatic or asymptomatic?
Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), while postmenopausal women are more likely to be asymptomatic. Due to the accumulation of blood in the uterus, patients may develop low blood pressure or a vasovagal response.
What is hematometra pain?
Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention. Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), ...
How to treat hematometra?
Hematometra is usually treated by surgical dilation to drain the blood from the uterus. This treatment is effective for patients who develop hematometra because of stenosis (narrowing) or obstruction of the cervix or the uterine cavity. Other surgical approaches target the underlying cause of the hematometra.
Why does hematoma occur?
It is most commonly caused by congenital (present at birth) abnormalities. These include imperforate hymen (a hymen without ...
What happens if you have blood in your uterus?
The accumulation of blood in the uterine cavity may lead to several complications. The uterus may become distended, and rarely even compress the organs of the urinary tract, leading to urinary retention. Because of the blood retention, there is an increased risk of infection, and also, the patient may develop a vasovagal response and low blood pressure. If infection sets in, the uterus may become filled with pus instead, resulting in the condition called pyometra, and the infection can spread to abdominal cavity or the whole bloodstream.
How to diagnose hematometra?
Although hematometra can often be diagnosed based purely on the patient's history of amenorrhea and cyclic abdominal pain, as well as a palpable pelvic mass on examination, the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound (Pic. 1) , which will show blood pooled in the uterus and an enlargement of the uterine cavity.
What is the biopsy for hematometra?
If the cause of the hematometra is unclear, a biopsy of endometrial tissue can be taken to test for the presence of a neoplasm (cancer). Antibiotics may be given as prophylaxis against the possibility of infection.
What is the term for the accumulation of pus in the uterus?
The collection or retention of blood in the uterine cavity presents a potential basis for bacterial growth, leading to inflammation and accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity, a condition called pyometra. If left untreated, the infection may spread to the abdominal cavity (leading to peritonitis, the inflammation of the membrane lining ...
What is hematometra pain?
Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention. Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), while postmenopausal women are more likely to be asymptomatic. Due to the accumulation of blood in the uterus, patients may develop low blood pressure or a vasovagal response. When palpated, the uterus will typically feel firm and enlarged.
Why do women have hematometra?
In young women, hematometra may be due to congenital anomalies such as an imperforate hymen (a congenital disorder where a hymen without an opening completely obstructs the vagina) or a noncommunicating Müllerian duct (paired ducts of the embryo).
What is a unicornuate uterus?
A unicornuate uterus accounts for 2.4 to 13% of all Müllerian anomalies. A unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating rudimentary horn may be associated with gynecological and obstetric complications such as infertility, endometriosis (a disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside it), urinary tract anomalies, abortions, and preterm deliveries. It has a poor reproductive outcome and pregnancy management is still unclear.
What is haematometrocolpos?
haematometrocolpos: vaginal and uterine distension – obstruction at vaginal level
What does hematometra pain feel like?
Patients with a hematometra generally complain of labor-like cramps. Cyclical pain occurs among ovulating women with fluid collection, pelvic pressure, or abdominal pain. Bleeding, if present, is usually scant and erratic. The color of blood is described as rusty, dark brown or even black. Menopausal women often complain of pelvic pressure or a sensation that “feels like my period is going to start.” Entrapped blood or fluid can become infected.
How much of postmenopausal bleeding is caused by endometrial cancer?
The risk of endometrial cancer increases with each decade of life, such that at age 50, 1% of cases are due to endometrial cancer, and by age 80, 25% of cases of postmenopausal bleeding are due to cancer. 14
Which tract dilates above any congenital obstruction?
The genital tract dilates above any congenital obstruction.
Where is hematometra pain?
Hematometra will typically present with periodic cramping and pain in the lower abdomen, localised on the midline 1. Patients may also complain of urinary frequency or retention as the condition begins to affect the rest of the pelvic cavity.
What is the term for the condition where blood is collected and retained in the uterus?
Hematometra, otherwise known as hemometra is a condition in which blood is collected and retained in the uterus, commonly the result of an imperforate hymen or transverse vaginal septum.
What can you tell me about hematometra?
Blood trapped: Hematometra refers to menstrual blood trapped inside the womb, when the cervix is obstructed. This can happen after a woman had a ionization done on ... Read More
What is a hematoma?
Hematometra: Hematometra is a collection of blood in the uterus. It is usually caused by a blockage or stenosis of the cervix. It can also happen after pregnancy, ... Read More
What does 'irregular endometrium with hematometra' mean?
Hematometra: It means there is some blood trapped in the uterine cavity.
What are complications of a hematometra? and how would i know if there was an infevtion ?
Pain : A hematometra would cause pain but little or no bleeding, because the blood is not able to get out. If there wan infection, you would likely have feve... Read More
Can hematometra be treated with dilation?
Depends: It depends on what the cause of the hematometra is. Cervical stenosis is a cause and can be treated with dilation of the cervix. Scarring due to ... Read More
Should i be worried if i have irregular endometrium with hematometra?
Maybe: Hematometra is a collection of blood in the uterine cavity that would make the endometrium appear irregular on ultrasound. If the blood will not pass,... Read More
Overview
Hematometra is a medical condition involving collection or retention of blood in the uterus. It is most commonly caused by an imperforate hymen or a transverse vaginal septum.
Signs and symptoms
Hematometra typically presents as cyclic, cramping pain in the midline of the pelvis or lower abdomen. Patients may also report urinary frequency and urinary retention. Premenopausal women with hematometra often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), while postmenopausal women are more likely to be asymptomatic. Due to the accumulation of blood in the uterus, patients may de…
Pathophysiology
Hematometra develops when the uterus becomes distended with blood secondary to obstruction or atresia of the lower reproductive tract—the uterus, cervix or vagina—which would otherwise provide an outflow for menstrual blood. It is most commonly caused by congenital abnormalities, including imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum or vaginal hypoplasia. Other causes are acquired, such as cervical stenosis, intrauterine adhesions, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer.
Diagnosis
Although hematometra can often be diagnosed based purely on the patient's history of amenorrhea and cyclic abdominal pain, as well as a palpable pelvic mass on examination, the diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound, which will show blood pooled in the uterus and an enlargement of the uterine cavity. A pyelogram or laparoscopy may assist in diagnosing any congenital disorder that is suspected to be the underlying cause of the hematometra.
Management
Hematometra is usually treated by surgical cervical dilation to drain the blood from the uterus. Other treatments target the underlying cause of the hematometra; for example, a hysteroscopy may be required to resect adhesions that have developed following a previous surgery. If the cause of the hematometra is unclear, a biopsy of endometrial tissue can be taken to test for the presence of a neoplasm (cancer). Antibiotics may be given as prophylaxis against the possibility of infection.
See also
• Hematocolpos, collection of menstrual blood in the vagina
General Information
- Hematometra is a pathological condition that develops due to difficulty or impossibility of outflow of menstrual, postpartum, postabortem bloody discharge from the uterine cavity. Due to the variety of reasons, the true frequency of hematometry is unknown, but in gynecology this pathology is relatively rarely diagnosed. It usually develops in young...
Causes
- Taking into account possible etiological factors , the following forms of pathology are distinguished: 1. hematometra, developed in the postpartum period 2. of the hematometra, developed as a result of intrauterine interventions 3. hematometra developed due to obstruction of the genital tract 4. hematometra developed as a result of cervical canal stenosis The causes …
Symptoms
- The severity of the clinical symptoms of a hematometra depends on the cause of the pathology, its prescription and the amount of bloody contents accumulated in the uterus. The sudden cessation of blood discharge from the genital tract after childbirth, abortion, and intrauterine manipulations allows you to suspect the formation of a hematometra. With congenital anomalie…
Diagnostic
- The hematometra can be diagnosed by a combination of anamnestic, clinical and instrumental data. At the gynecologist’s consultation, the nature of menstrual function, recent intrauterine interventions, obstetric history are clarified. During vaginal examination, an enlarged uterus of a soft consistency is determined, painful on palpation. Before continuing the diagnostic search, it i…
Treatment
- The main therapeutic task is to eliminate the hematometra, eliminate its causes and create conditions for the possibility of an unhindered outflow of the contents of the uterus. Sometimes it is possible to achieve emptying of the hematometra already in the process of diagnostic probing of the uterine cavity. With uterine atony, drug stimulation of its contractility is performed by pres…
Prevention
- Regular preventive examinations will help prevent the occurrence of hematometra and its accompanying complications. To exclude female genital abnormalities, a pediatric gynecologist should examine the girl before puberty, and the absence of menstruation by the age of 16 is a serious reason for an in-depth gynecological examination. Pregnancy planning, exclusion of abo…