Full Answer
What does maniple stand for?
Military of ancient Rome portal. Maniple (Latin: manipulus, literally meaning "a handful") was a tactical unit of the Roman legion adopted during the Samnite Wars (343–290 BC).
What is the difference between maniple and Manus?
If you have found a spelling error, please, notify us by selecting that text and pressing Ctrl+Enter. Maniple ( manipulus) was a tactical unit of the Roman army, consisting of two centuries. This name is derived from the unit’s combat sign ( signum) with the hand sign on top. The Latin word manus means “hand”.
How many men are in the maniple formation?
When beginning a battle, the “Maniple “Formation” consisted of lines of 120 soldiers arrayed in 3 lines of 40 men, as depicted below. The front lines formed the young and least-experienced soldiers ( hastati ) in hopes that the enemy would waste much of its energy on those men.
What is the purpose of the maniple at mass?
The purpose of the maniple is uncertain, but it probably originated as a cloth the priest could use to wipe his hands and face. In its 1967 instruction, Tres abhinc annos, issued while the Tridentine Mass was still the only form used in the Roman Rite, the Sacred Congregation of Rites removed the obligation to use the maniple at Mass.
How does a maniple work?
function in legion Each maniple numbered 120 men in 12 files and 10 ranks. Maniples drew up for battle in three lines, each line made up of 10 maniples and the whole arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Separating each unit was an interval equivalent to a maniple's…
What was the benefit of the maniple system?
At this point in battle, the maniple greatly resembled the phalanx. Apart from allowing retreat, these gaps also proved invaluable against enemy phalanxes and provided the Romans with a major tactical advantage against their Greek foes.
What is the definition of maniple?
Definition of maniple 1 : a long narrow strip of silk formerly worn at mass over the left arm by clerics of or above the order of subdeacon. 2 [Latin manipulus, from manipulus handful] : a subdivision of the Roman legion consisting of either 120 or 60 men.
What is the difference between a maniple and a phalanx?
There are several key differences in the formations. The maniple was fluid, with each maniple led by centurions who were encouraged to take initiative and lead by example. The phalanx was much more rigid, but overwhelmingly powerful in a frontal assault.
What advantages did a maniple give Romans in battle?
What advantages did a maniple have in battle? They could move and fight on their own,+ create a battle line. Approximately how many soldiers made up a legion, and what kind of soldiers were they? There were approximately 4,500-5,000 soldiers,most were foot soldiers, some were maniples.
How do you wear a maniple?
maniple, in early Christianity, narrow silk band worn over the left forearm, with ends hanging down on each side, and formerly used by clergy when celebrating or assisting at mass.
Who led a maniple?
The manipulation was headed by two centurions: the first was called prior and the second was posterior. Prior was nominated by the soldiers of a given maniple, while the posterior was appointed by prior.
Who commanded a maniple?
centurionA maniple consisted of two centuries, each commanded by a centurion (see centurio), the senior having overall responsibility. Intervals between maniples in battle formation were covered by the ranks behind, but were perhaps closed during advance.
How do you use maniple in a sentence?
How to use maniple in a sentence. About his neck he had a white stole, over an arm a snowy maniple, upon his head a priestly beretta.
How big was a Roman maniple?
6 ft by 6 ftThe Maniple typically consisted of 120 soldiers arrayed in 3 ranks of 40 men when engaged in battle. Roman soldiers in a maniple had a 6 ft by 6 ft "fighting square" around them, giving soldiers ample space to fight with their swords.
Why is the Roman legion better than the phalanx?
The author's main points in favor of the Roman legion was agility, flexibility and adaptability; whereas, the phalanx had only one-dimensional movement. [i] A one trick horse if you will. Further examination of these main points concerning ancient military unit tactical formations will clarify Cole's argument.
What was better phalanx or legion?
The Roman victory in the Battle of Cynoscephalae ( 197 BC ) marked the end of the Second Macedonian War between Rome and Philip V, king of Macedon. The battle is considered one of the best examples of manipular Roman legion superiority over the Macedonian phalanx in terms of flexibility and combat maneuvering.
What did the Aquilifer do?
An aquilifer plays an important role in the landing of Roman soldiers in Britannia, as accounted by Julius Caesar. In De Bello Gallico IV. 25, Britons put up stiff resistance against the Roman landing party, therefore the legionaries delay to avoid engaging with the enemy.
Do deacons wear Maniples?
The maniple is worn also, with the dalmatic or tunicle, by the deacon and the subdeacon in a Solemn Mass, but only during the Mass itself. The maniple is not worn for other liturgical functions (e.g., the Asperges, processions) for which the dalmatic or tunicle is worn.
How much is a cohort?
480 soldiersAlthough the standard size changed with time and situation, it was generally composed of 480 soldiers. A cohort is considered to be the equivalent of a modern military battalion.
Is Manipulative an adjective?
MANIPULATIVE (adjective) definition and synonyms | Macmillan Dictionary.
What is the Maniple called?
Name and Origin.—In earlier ages the maniple was called by various names: mappula, sudarium, mantile, fano, manuale, sestace, and manipulus, appellations which indicate to some extent its original purpose. Originally it was a cloth of fine quality to wipe away perspiration, or an ornamental handkerchief, which was seldom put into actual use, but was generally carried in the hand as an ornament. Ornamental hand-kerchiefs or cloths of this kind were carried by people of rank in ordinary life. Ancient remains show many proofs of this: for instance, the mappa with which the consul or praetor gave the signal for the commencement of the games was a similar cloth. The name manipulus was given because it was folded together and carried in the left hand like a small bundle ( ma nipulus).
Why is the Maniple called Manipulus?
The name manipulus was given because it was folded together and carried in the left hand like a small bundle ( ma nipulus). Antiquity.—Without doubt the maniple was first used at Rome. At least it was worn at Rome early in the sixth century, even though not by all those ecclesiastics who later used it.
When was the maniple first worn?
Antiquity.—Without doubt the maniple was first used at Rome. At least it was worn at Rome early in the sixth century, even though not by all those ecclesiastics who later used it. The pallialinostima spoken of in the lives of Popes Sylvester and Zosimus, which appeared at this date in the “ Liber Pontificalis “, can be explained with most probability as references to the ornamental vestment called later mappula and manipulus. About the close of the sixth century under the name of mappula it was also worn by the priests and deacons of Ravenna (cf. the letters which passed between Gregory the Great and Archbishop John of Ravenna). By the beginning of the ninth century the use of the maniple was almost universal in Western Europe, being customary even at Milan which had otherwise its own peculiar rite. This is shown by the relief work on the celebrated pallioto (antependium) in the Basilica of St. Ambrose at Milan, a fine piece of goldsmith’s work of the middle of the ninth century. The use of the maniple in Gaul and Germany is proved by the statements of Amalar of Metz, Rabanus Maurus, Walafried Strabo, by the “Admonitio synodalis” and by other writings, as well as by various miniature paintings. That it was also worn in England is evident from the elaborately worked maniple now in the Museum of Durham cathedral which, according to the inscription embroidered on it, was made by order of Queen Aethelflied (d. before 916), wife of Edward the Elder, for Bishop Frithestan of Winchester. At Rome in the ninth century even the acolytes wore the maniple. In the eleventh and twelfth centuries the singular custom prevailed at Cluny and other monasteries that on the chief feast days all, even the lay brothers, appeared at Mass in alb and maniple; this practice, however, was forbidden in 1100 by the Synod of Poitiers. When in the eleventh and twelfth centuries the subdiaconate developed into a higher order, the maniple became its distinctive vestment.
What does the tip maniple symbolize?
In the prayer offered by the priest when putting on the maniple are symbolized the cares and sorrows of this earthly life which should be borne with patience in view of the heavenly reward.
Historical origin
The Manipular system was adopted at around 315 BC, during the Second Samnite War.
The manipular legion
The Maniple typically consisted of 120 soldiers arrayed in 3 ranks of 40 men when engaged in battle.
Drill and fighting formations
No part of drill is more essential in action than for soldiers to keep their ranks with the greatest exactness, without opening or closing too much. Troops too much crowded can never fight as they ought, and only embarrass one another. If their order is too open and loose, they give the enemy an opportunity of penetrating.
What is a maniple?
A maniple. The maniple is a liturgical vestment used primarily within the Catholic Church, and occasionally used by some Anglo-Catholic and Lutheran clergy. It is an embroidered band of silk or similar fabric that is hung over the left arm. It is only used within the context of the Mass, and it is of the same liturgical colour as ...
What is the purpose of the maniple?
It is only used within the context of the Mass, and it is of the same liturgical colour as the other Mass vestments. The purpose of the maniple is uncertain, but it probably originated as a cloth the priest could use to wipe his hands and face.
What is the maniple of the Roman Rite?
The maniple is a vestment not only of the Roman Rite, but also of most of the other Latin liturgical rites . With regard to what is now the normal form of the Roman Rite, as revised in 1969, the General Instruction of the Roman Missal states: "The vestment proper to the priest celebrant at Mass and other sacred actions directly connected ...
What is the maniple in the Tridentine Mass?
As Mauro Gagliardi, a consultor to the office for the Pope's liturgical ceremonies, wrote in an article on the prayers that, in the Tridentine Mass, the priest says when putting on the vestments: The maniple is an article of liturgical dress used in the celebration of the extraordinary form of the Holy Mass of the Roman Rite.
When is the maniple worn?
When used, the maniple is worn by a priest only when vested in a chasuble for celebrating Mass. A bishop celebrating a (Tridentine) Low Mass assumes the maniple only after the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar. The 1960 Code of Rubrics, incorporated into the 1962 Roman Missal, states that the maniple is never worn with the cope (as, for instance, in the Asperges ceremony or in giving Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament ); and, if no cope is available, it allows the priest to give such blessings vested in an alb and wearing a stole, but without chasuble and maniple.
When was the maniple used in the Roman liturgy?
It appears to have been used in the Roman liturgy since at least the 6th century. The maniple can vary widely in size, shape, and degree of embroidery and ornamentation. Common symbolic comments refer to the maniple's likeness to the rope by which Christ was led and the chains which bound his hands.
Who wears the maniple in the solemn Mass?
The maniple is worn also, with the dalmatic or tunicle, by the deacon and the subdeacon in a Solemn Mass, but only during the Mass itself. The maniple is not worn for other liturgical functions (e.g., the Asperges, processions) for which the dalmatic or tunicle is worn. The maniple is a vestment not only of the Roman Rite, ...
What are the three classes of the manipular system?
For example, the primary three classes were now divided into the main fighting arm – and they comprised the hastati (the young and relatively poor); the principes (the experienced and belonging to the middle class); and the triarii (the veterans and relatively well-off citizens). They were complemented by the equites (cavalrymen who belonged to the richest sections of the Roman society) and the contrasting velites (the lightly armed skirmishers who were the poorest).
Why were maniple formations important?
More importantly, these maniple formations allowed for a battlefield system of reserves being deployed for better tactical advantage. For example, when the front-lining hastati was drained of his strength during the heat of the battle, he could fall back upon the reserve lines of the principes. The well-armored veterans were then deployed forward in a cyclic manner – thus resulting in a fresh batch of troops countering the exhausted (and usually less-organized) enemy. This simple yet effective tactic changed the outcome of many a battle in 4th and 3rd centuries BC.