Multifactorial A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a section of DNA (the locus) that correlates with variation in a phenotype (the quantitative trait). The QTL typically is linked to, or contains, the genes that control that phenotype. QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a section of DNA (the locus) that correlates with variation in a phenotype (the quantitative trait). The QTL typically is linked to, or contains, the genes that control that phenotype. QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait.Quantitative trait locus
Quantitative trait locus
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What are multifactorial disorders?
Conditions caused by many contributing factors are called complex or multifactorial disorders. Although complex disorders often cluster in families, they do not have a clear-cut pattern of inheritance.
What is an example of multifactorial?
Many disorders, such as spina bifida, neural tube defects, and Hirschsprung's disease, are considered to be multifactorial. Medspeak. adjective Referring to the influence of multiple factors in the aetiology of a particular disease (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), attributable to genetic and environmental components.
What is meant by multifactorial inheritance?
Definition of multifactorial 1 : caused or marked by a polygenic mode of inheritance dependent on a number of genes at different loci The essence of multifactorial (polygenic) inheritance is that a single component of the phenotype (a single character) can be controlled by several independent gene loci.
What is multifactorial aetiology?
multifactorial Medspeak adjective Referring to the influence of multiple factors in the aetiology of a particular disease (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), attributable to genetic and environmental components. Molecular biology
What is meant by a multifactorial disease?
Multifactorial inheritance is when more than 1 factor causes a trait or health problem, such as a birth defect or chronic illness. Genes can be a factor, but other things that aren't genes can play a part, too. These may include: Nutrition. Lifestyle.
Which of the following are characteristics of multifactorial diseases?
These traits include the following:The disease can occur in isolation, with affected children born to unaffected parents. ... Environmental influences can increase or decrease the risk of the disease.The disease occurs more frequently in one gender than in the other, but it is not a sex-limited trait.More items...
How is multifactorial disease diagnosed?
Predictive genetic testing is used to detect gene mutations associated with disorders in patients not presenting signs/symptoms at the time of the testing. Multifactorial diseases are caused by complex and variable interactions between multiple genetic, environmental, and infectious factors.
Can multifactorial diseases be treated?
It is difficult to study and treat multifactorial diseases because specific factors associated with these diseases have not yet been identified.
What is an example of a multifactorial disease?
How do people get Alzheimer's disease? Scientists don't know exactly how people develop Alzheimer's, but they believe it is caused by a combination of genes and environmental factors. In other words, it is a multifactorial disorder.
Which are examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults?
Common health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity do not have a single genetic cause—they are influenced by multiple genes (polygenic) in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors, such as exercise, diet, or pollutant exposures.
Is obesity a multifactorial disease?
Most obesity seems to be multifactorial, that is, the result of complex interactions among many genes and environmental factors.
Which neurological disease is considered multifactorial?
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has eluded researchers from developing reliable diagnosis and treatment. Accumulating evidence shows the contribution of various etiopathogenic mechanisms in AD onset and progression.
What are the characteristics of multifactorial traits?
A multifactorial trait is a trait that is controlled by multiple factors, such as genes and the environment. Multifactorial traits are complex and exhibit a range of traits, such as human height or skin color.
Which of the following traits is best described as multifactorial?
Which of the following traits is best described as multifactorial? A multifactorial trait is affected by both the genotype of the organism and environmental factors. Thus, corolla length is best described as multifactorial.
Which of the following is an example of a multifactorial trait?
Examples of Multifactorial Traits: Fingerprint patterns, height, eye color, and skin color... Eye color: iris colored by the pigment -- melanin.
What are the characteristics of a complex disease?
A complex disease (or condition), when discussed in the context of genetics, reflects a disorder that results from the contributions of multiple genomic variants and genes in conjunction with significant influences of the physical and social environment.
What is multifactorial disease?
Multifactorial diseases are caused by a combination of the effects of multiple genes or by interactions between genes and the environment.
What are the factors that cause multifactorial disease?
Multifactorial diseases are caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors . The study of multifactorial disease involves several steps, including determination of disease heritability, segregation analysis to determine the genetic model, linkage or association mapping to identify genetic loci underlying the disease, fine mapping to determine the causal variants, and replication and functional analysis to confirm the initial findings. The HapMap and 1000 Genomes projects, which surveyed genetic variation in a diverse set of human populations, led to advances in affordable high-throughput genotyping technology that enabled myriad genome-wide association studies for many common diseases. Direct sequencing, which allows for unbiased assessment of all sources of genetic variation, has been used more recently. Important statistical considerations include adjusting for population admixture to prevent false positive associations, quality control, appropriate design and analysis of discovery and validation sets, and adjustment for multiple testing. The power and interpretability of genetic studies are improved by incorporating prior biological knowledge such as genes or pathways, and by performing cross-platform integration and functional assessment. Many changes and advances have occurred in the study of multifactorial diseases with advances in genotyping technology, and yet more change is likely in the years to come.
What are the genetic factors that cause MS?
MS is a multifactorial disease for which many susceptibility genes and environmental risk factors have been identified. The genetic risk factors with the strongest effect are found to be HLA alleles, most of the so far identified environmental risk factors also have a fairly strong effect on the risk of developing MS (Figure 6.1 ). The results from interaction analyses are beginning to allow us to group risk factors into hypothetical groups which act together to cause disease as is illustrated in Figure 6.2. For example, presence of HLA-DRB1*15, absence of HLA*A2, and smoking seem to all be included in the same sufficient cause. There will be many different sufficient causes and the same risk factor can be present in several different sufficient causes. Having identified risk factors acting together to cause disease will help us to better design experiments to test possible disease mechanisms, which in turn will help us to design ways to treat or prevent disease.
Is UBC a genetic disease?
UBC is a multifactorial disease with a genetic component. However, the lack of high-penetrance mutations explaining family aggregation of this cancer impedes the possibility of genetic testing. In addition, there is a limited number of genetic variants associated with UBC risk, in comparison to other cancers as breast, prostate, or colon.
Is alcoholism a multifactorial disease?
Alcoholism is a multifactorial disease of unclear molecular underpinnings. Currently, we are witnessing a major shift in our understanding of the functional elements of the genome, which could help us to discover novel insights into the nature of alcoholism. In humans, the vast majority of the genome encodes non-protein-coding DNA with unclear function. Recent research has started to unveil this mystery by describing the functional relevance of microRNAs, and examining which genes are regulated by non-protein-coding DNA. Here, I describe alcohol regulation of microRNAs and provide examples of microRNAs that control the expression of alcohol-relevant genes. Emphasis is put on the potential of microRNAs in explaining the polygenic nature of alcoholism and prospects of microRNA research and future directions of this burgeoning field.
What is an autoimmune disease?
autoimmune disease A disease produced when the immune response of an individual is directed against its own cells or tissues. It is not yet known exactly what causes the body to react to one's own antigens as if they were foreign. Examples: diabetes mellitus type 1; Graves' disease; multiple sclerosis; myasthenia gravis; rheumatoid arthritis; Reiter's disease; Sjögren's syndrome.
What is the name of the disease that causes a loss of visual acuity?
Devic's disease A demyelinative disease of the optic nerve, the optic chiasma and the spinal cord characterized by a bilateral acute optic neuritis with a transverse inflammation of the spinal cord. Loss of visual acuity occurs very rapidly and is accompanied by ascending paralysis. There is no treatment for this disease. Syn. neuromyelitis optica.
What is coats disease?
Coats' disease Chronic, progressive retinal vascular anomalies, usually unilateral, occurring predominantly in young males. It is characterized by retinal exudates, irregular dilatation (telangiectasia) and tortuosity of retinal vessels and appears as a whitish fundus reflex (leukocoria). Subretinal haemorrhages are frequent and eventually retinal detachment may occur. The main symptom is a decrease in central or peripheral vision, although it may be asymptomatic in some patients. Management may involve photocoagulation or cryotherapy. A less severe form of the disease is called Leber's miliary aneurysms. Syn. retinal telangiectasia.
What is Batten Mayou disease?
Batten-Mayou disease Juvenile form of amaurotic family idiocy. It is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina, which eventually leads to blindness. Syn. Spielmeyer-Stock disease.
What is the bowel disease that causes fever, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain?
Crohn's disease A type of inflammatory, chronic bowel disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the bowel wall causing fever, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss. The ocular manifestations include acute iridocyclitis, scleritis, conjunctivitis and corneal infiltrates.
What is Berlin's disease?
Berlin's disease A traumatic phenomenon in which the posterior pole of the retina develops oedema (and haemorrhages). Syn. commotio retinae.
What is an abnormal condition?
An abnormal condition of a part, organ, or system of an organism resulting from various causes, such as infection, inflammation, environmental factors, or genetic defect, and characterized by an identifiable group of signs, symptoms, or both .
What are multifactorial diseases?
Multifactorial diseases have both genetic and environmental components which contribute in different proportions in a given patient or family.
What are the factors that cause multifactorial disease?
Multifactorial diseases are caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors . The study of multifactorial disease involves several steps, including determination of disease heritability, segregation analysis to determine the genetic model, linkage or association mapping to identify genetic loci underlying the disease, fine mapping to determine the causal variants, and replication and functional analysis to confirm the initial findings. The HapMap and 1000 Genomes project, which surveyed genetic variation in a diverse set of human populations, led to advances in affordable high-throughput genotyping technology that enabled myriad genome-wide association studies for many common diseases. Direct sequencing, which allows for unbiased assessment of all sources of genetic variation, has been used more recently. Important statistical considerations include adjusting for population admixture to prevent false-positive associations, quality control (QC), appropriate design and analysis of discovery and validation sets, and adjusting for multiple testing. The power and interpretability of genetic studies is improved by incorporating prior biological knowledge such as of genes or pathways, and by performing cross-platform integration and functional assessment. Many changes and advances have occurred in the study of multifactorial diseases with advances in genotyping technology, and yet more change is likely in the years to come.
What is the role of MTHFR in migraine?
The enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a role in maintaining homocysteine levels. An association between the C677T variant in the MTHFR gene and migraine with aura has been found in some (but not all) clinic-based (and therefore selected) study populations ( Kowa et al., 2000; Kara et al., 2003; Todt et al., 2006) but also, and most importantly, in a large sample taken from the general population ( Scher et al., 2006 ). This makes MTHFR the first migraine risk gene at the population level. The strength of association is enhanced in the presence of another MTHFR variant (A1298C) ( Kara et al., 2003 ), and in combination with an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) DD/ID genotype ( Lea et al., 2005b ). If replicated, this would indicate the first gene–gene interaction to be involved in modulating the risk for migraine. As a note of caution, a recent, large, well conducted, Finnish study could not replicate an association with the MTHFR gene ( Kaunisto et al., 2006 ).
What are the multifactorial diseases in personalized medicine?
These include cardiac conditions, cardiovascular conditions and disorders that occur more frequently with advancing age. The later include age related macular degeneration leading to visual impairment and neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Risk factors for cancer are also included in the discussion. The goal is to review advance in understanding underlying genetic risk factors, and modifiers including environmental factors. Important considerations are highly penetrance mutations, their relevance in genetic counseling and potential modifiers of risk. Genetic modifiers and environmental modifiers of risk are considered.
Is UBC a genetic disease?
UBC is a multifactorial disease with a genetic component. However, the lack of high-penetrance mutations explaining family aggregation of this cancer impedes the possibility of genetic testing. In addition, there is a limited number of genetic variants associated with UBC risk, in comparison to other cancers as breast, prostate, or colon.
Is osteoporosis a multifactorial disease?
Multifactorial diseases require a multidisciplinary approach. Osteoporosis is no exception an treatment of the established disease involves general, renal and mineral metabolic physicians, rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, etc. With the commonest type of osteoporosis, that which occurs in postmenopausal women, it is increasingly becoming apparent that prevention is all important because no currently available treatment can restore bone mass to premenopausal values after it has been lost. For reasons discussed elsewhere in this volume, it is also quite clear that the optimum preventive therapy currently available is exogenous gonadal steroids, principally oestrogens.
Why are complex disorders so difficult to treat?
Complex disorders are also difficult to study and treat because the specific factors that cause most of these disorders have not yet been identified. Researchers continue to look for major contributing genes for many common, complex disorders.
Why is it so hard to identify the role of genetics in complex disorders?
It may be difficult to identify the role of genetics in these disorders, particularly because families often also share environments and may have similar lifestyles. This makes it difficult to determine a person’s risk ...
Is heart disease a genetic problem?
Common health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity do not have a single genetic cause—they are influenced by multiple genes (polygenic) in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors, such as exercise, diet, or pollutant exposures.
Do all diseases have genetics?
Researchers are learning that nearly all conditions and diseases have a genetic component. Some disorders, such as sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis, are caused by variants (also known as mutations) in single genes. The causes of many other disorders, however, are much more complex. Common health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity do not have a single genetic cause—they are influenced by multiple genes (polygenic) in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors, such as exercise, diet, or pollutant exposures. Conditions caused by many contributing factors are called complex or multifactorial disorders.
What does "pathology" mean?
1. (Pathology) any impairment of normal physiological function affecting all or part of an organism, esp a specific pathological change caused by infection, stress, etc, producing characteristic symptoms ; illness or sickness in general
Can animals have diseases?
Animals and plants can also have diseases, but not illnesses.
Is dry eye a multifactorial disease?
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease, most of the currently approved prescription and currently approved dry eye treatment products are targeted to relief the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease.
Is cardiovascular disease a multifactorial disease?
Cardiovascular disease is a complex, multifactorial disease, of which nutrition is only one of many components.
What is a mental disorder?
a derangement or abnormality of function; a morbid physical or mental state. For specific disorders, such as the psychiatric disorders, see under the name, such as anxiety disorders and personality disorders.
What is a disturbance of function or structure?
A disturbance of function or structure, resulting from a genetic or embryologic failure in development or from exogenous factors such as poison, trauma, or disease.
Definition of multifactorial
1 : caused or marked by a polygenic mode of inheritance dependent on a number of genes at different loci The essence of multifactorial (polygenic) inheritance is that a single component of the phenotype (a single character) can be controlled by several independent gene loci.
Examples of multifactorial in a Sentence
Recent Examples on the Web With climate change and overfishing dramatically reshaping marine ecosystems, the answer is almost always multifactorial. — Washington Post, 10 Feb. 2022 Those problems were multifactorial and mighty even before Covid-19 exposed them globally. — Praduman Jain, Forbes, 18 Jan. 2022
Medical Definition of multifactorial
1 : caused or marked by a polygenic mode of inheritance dependent on a number of genes at different loci The essence of multifactorial (polygenic) inheritance is that a single component of the phenotype (a single character) can be controlled by several independent gene loci.
