What is peening and how does it work?
Peening is a metalworking process that’s used to improve the physical properties of metal. It’s typically performed using a hammer. Performing hammer blows on metal alters its physical properties to make it more desirable. Other forms of peening, however, rely on non-mechanical means of alteration, such as laser.
What are the different types of peening?
In addition to hammer peening, another common form of peening is shot. Like hammer peening, shot peening is a cold working process that involves manipulating metal at room temperature or near room temperature.
What is a power cord made of?
A power cord is an electrical component used for connecting appliances to an electrical utility or power supply. It is made from an insulated electrical cable with one or both ends molded with connectors. One end is typically a male connector or a plug that goes into the electrical receptacle, wall outlet, or extension cord.
What is the meaning of peen?
Definition of peen.: a usually hemispherical or wedge-shaped end of the head of a hammer that is opposite the face and is used especially for bending, shaping, or cutting the material struck.
What is a power cord?
A power cord is an electrical component used for connecting appliances to an electrical utility or power supply. It is made from an insulated electrical cable with one or both ends molded with connectors. One end is typically a male connector or a plug that goes into the electrical receptacle, wall outlet, or extension cord. The other end is a female connector that is attached to the appliance or to another male connector. This female connector is sometimes omitted in appliances where it is replaced by a fixed cable.
What is a cord set?
A cord set is compose d of a plug, a power cable, and a connector. It is used for connecting an electrical appliance to the electrical utility or power supply.
What type of plug is used on a NEMA 5-15P?
These power cords are fitted with a Type B electrical plug on one end. NEMA 5-15P denotes a NEMA standard plug rated at 15 A. The plugs have three pins: two flat, current-carrying pins (live and neutral) and one round earth pin.
What is a connector in a power cord?
A connector is a part of the power cord intended to provide a temporary attachment to an appliance inlet or another appliance coupler.
What is the voltage of a power cord?
Industrial and manufacturing plants rarely utilize power cords since most plant equipment draws high amounts of current and requires medium to high voltages. Power cords are typically limited to current and voltage ratings of 16 A to 20 A and 125 V to 250 V respectively .
What is flexible cord?
The flexible cord or cable is a part of a cord or interconnection cord set. It is made from insulated, stranded wire conductors. It links the plug and connectors. Its length can range from 2m to 10m depending on the standards used in manufacturing the power cord.
Where are the holes in a plug?
Some plugs have holes near the tip of the pin that fit into bumps on the socket contacts.
When did peening become accepted?
Zimmerli first published a report in 1940. John Almen did more research, and during World War 2 introduced it to the aircraft industry. By 1950, peening became an accepted process and was being included in engineering literature.
What is the process of peening a metal?
Peening is the process of working a metal 's surface to improve its material properties, usually by mechanical means, such as hammer blows, by blasting with shot ( shot peening) or blasts of light beams with laser peening . Peening is normally a cold work process, with laser peening being a notable exception. It tends to expand the surface of the cold metal, thereby inducing compressive stresses or relieving tensile stresses already present. Peening can also encourage strain hardening of the surface metal.
What is the stress state of plastic deformation?
Plastic deformation from peening induces a residual compressive stress in a peened surface, along with tensile stress in the interior. This stress state resembles the one seen in toughened glass, and is useful for similar reasons.
Why do you need to peen after welding?
Use with welding. Hand peening may also be performed after welding to help relieve the tensile stresses that develop on cooling in the welded metal (as well as the surrounding base metal). The level of reduction in tensile stress is minimal and only occurs on or near to the weld surface.
How often do you peen a bramble blade?
Because this blade is being used to cut tough-stemmed brambles it is being peened after about every thirty hours of work . Nicks and cuts to the blade edge are also worked out of the blade by peening and a new edge profile then formed for honing.
What is cold hardening?
Work hardening. Cold work also serves to harden the material's surface. This makes cracks less likely to form at the surface and provides resistance to abrasion. When a metal undergoes strain hardening its yield strength increases but its ductility decreases.
When was shot peening invented?
The first patent for shot peening was taken out in Germany in 1934, but was never commercially implemented. Independently in 1930, a few engineers at Buick noticed that "shot blasting" (as it was originally termed) made springs resistant to fatigue. This process was then adopted by the automotive industry.
What does "peenish" mean?
Peenish and/or Peen-like: used when someone isn't atually a peen but they are exhibiting behaviors that closely resemble that of peens.
What is a credenza?
Noun, A person who exhibits such an amazing lack of common sense, you wonder how they even have the brainpower to run even the most basic autonomic functions. Small rodents and credenzas have an intelegence greater than the average peen. (Note: if you know what a credenza is, you, by default, are NOT a peen although it does not make you immune from exhibiting peenish behavior)
What media to use for peening?
The peening media that can be used include cast steel shot, ceramic or glass beads and cut wire. Cut wire shot is generally preferred since it maintains its spherical shape as it degrades, unlike cast shot, which can break into sharp pieces and damage the workpiece.
What is shot peening?
Shot peening is a cold work process used to impart compressive residual stresses on to the surface of a component, which results in modified mechanical properties . The shot peening process is used to add strength and reduce the stress profile of components. If you have any questions or need help, email us to get expert advice:
How Does Shot Peening Work?
Shot peening works by striking a surface with a shot (round metallic, glass or ceramic particle) with enough force to generate plastic deformation. When a group of shots impact the surface they generate multiple indentations, resulting in the component being encased by a compressive stressed layer on the metal surface.
How to measure shot peening?
A method to measure the effect of shot peening was created by John Almen, who devised the ‘Almen Strip’ to measure the compressive stresses that are imparted by the process. The intensity of the blast stream can be measured in the deformation of the almen strip. This is done as the strip reaches 10% deformation and is then hit with ...
Does shot peening produce pebbly surfaces?
Aside from improving material characteristics, shot peening can produce a pebbly surface that can be advantageous in certain applications.
How long does cut wire last?
Cut wire can last five times as long as cast shot and is also relatively inexpensive. However, the use of equipment to remove shot fragments during the process can help by cleaning and reconditioning shot and feeders and replacing damaged media.
Is shot peening a good process?
The process is well-known and relatively inexpensive and has substantial research and quality controls to ensure its effectiveness. In addition, the media and equipment are readily available. Aside from improving material characteristics, shot peening can produce a pebbly surface that can be advantageous in certain applications.
