What is the tillering ability of rice plants?
The tillering ability of rice plants is seen in the number of phyllochrons of growth that they complete before entering their reproductive stage (Nemoto et al., 1995; Stoop et al., 2002). Phyllochrons are periods (cycles) of plant growth in which one or more phytomers (units of tiller, leaf, and root) emerge from the plant's meristematic tissue.
What is a tiller in grass?
A tiller is a shoot that arises from the base of a grass plant. The term refers to all shoots that grow after the initial parent shoot grows from a seed. Tillers are segmented, each segment possessing its own two-part leaf. They are involved in vegetative propagation and, in some cases, also seed production.
Where do tillers come from in leaf axils?
However, during the tillering stage, beginning from the fourth complete leaf formation, tillers emerged from sheaths of the subtending leaves in wild-type plants, but no tillers arose from leaf axils of moc1 plants ( Fig. 1a–d ).
What is a cultivator Tiller used for?
A cultivator is used for regular maintenance of the soil. They are used for relaxing the soil and working around growing plants. The robust tines of the tiller are made to find a way into confined spaces, and the lightweight frame doesn’t dig forcefully into the root zone.
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What is a tiller in a plant?
Tillers are branches that develop from the leaf axils at each unelongated node of the main shoot or from other tillers during vegetative growth, growing independently by means of its own adventitious roots. Tillering is a two-stage process: the formation of axillary buds at each leaf axil and its subsequent growth.
What is a tiller in wheat?
Tillers are additional stems that develop off of the main shoot of the plant. Primary tillers form in the axils of the first four or more true leaves of the main stem. Secondary tillers may develop from the base of primary tillers if conditions favor tiller development.
Can tillers develop nodes?
Tillers are morphologically identical to the main stalk and are capable of forming their own root system, nodes, internodes, leaves, ears, and tassels.
What is rice panicle?
Panicles: Panicles form the rice inflorescence. It is the top part of the rice plant, carried on the last inter-node. Panicles are composed of primary ramifications (small branches) that carry secondary branches themselves carrying the pedicels which carry the spikelets.
How many tillers does a rice plant produce?
In one of our studies, 28–34 tillers per plant were produced before anthesis with SRI practices, while rice plants under conventional flooded cultivation reached only up to 13 tillers (Thakur et al., 2010b).
How do you identify a tiller?
1:098:00Counting Tillers To Optimize Spring Nitrogen Rates & Timing - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd find a spot in your field that's a fairly typical spot it's representative of how dense yourMoreAnd find a spot in your field that's a fairly typical spot it's representative of how dense your field is and measure off 12 inches of row. And then dig up all the plants in that 12 inches of rose.
How many tillers should rice have?
The average number of tillers produced by modern rice varieties ranged from 20 to 25 tillers, with 14-15 of them become productive (produce panicles) while the remaining tillers are unproductive [53] . ...
Should you remove corn tillers?
There doesn't seem to be any reason to remove them. They aren't harming the plant and natural selection may do the work for you. Also, if you try to prune them, you risk causing damage to the main stalk, which can open it to insects or disease. Better to be safe than sorry and just leave the corn tillers alone.
Why is a tiller important?
The tiller is an above-ground branch on a grass plant. Tillers are an important component of the crop's shoot system and through carbon capture and partitioning, contribute to seed yield. As a tiller grows and develops, additional tillers can form in the leaf axils of that tiller. All grasses produce tillers.
How do you increase rice tillers?
Another method, which can increase rice yield by 30%, is by frequent irrigation to the depth of two leaves. After the two leaf stage the field should is kept wet and dry alternately. In fertile clay soils more sunshine is needed other wise in sandy and less fertile soils long exposure to sunshine is not needed.
What is green ring in rice?
As the internode elongation stage begins, a build-up of chlorophyll occurs between the nodes that are to separate in the process of forming the first stem internode between them. This accumulation of chlorophyll imparts a green color that encircles the developing internode, producing a green ring or band.
What is rice straw?
Rice straw is produced as a byproduct of rice production at harvest. Rice straw is removed with the rice grains during harvest and it ends up being piled or spread out in the field depending if it was harvested manually or using machines. Ratio of straw to paddy ranges from 0.7-1.4 depending on the variety and growth.
How do you count wheat tillers?
To determine tiller numbers, count all stems with three or more leaves. Tiller counts below 70 per square foot indicate the need for nitrogen at Feekes 3. At recommended populations, many plants will have only three to four stems (main shoot plus two to three tillers, Zadoks 22 or 23).
What is the difference between tiller and Cultivator?
What is a Cultivator? The purpose of a lawn tiller is to break up hard and compact soil, whereas a garden cultivator like the Husqvarna T300RH petrol cultivator serves to mix up soil that is already loose and stir in compost or fertiliser so that it is ready for planting.
How do you increase tillering in wheat?
Drilling date – early drilling increases tiller numbers/plant. Seed rate drilled – high seed rates give more main shoots and fewer tillers. Soil / seedbed conditions – poor seedbeds, and compaction slows early tiller development. Pest control e.g. slugs.
What are the parts of a wheat plant?
Investigating the Different Parts of a Wheat Plant & Their Functions : The wheat plant has 4 basic parts: the head, stem, leaves, and roots. Each serves a different purpose for the wheat plant.
What is rice tillering?
Tillering in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is an important agronomic trait for grain production, and also a model system for the study of branching in monocotyledonous plants. Rice tiller is a specialized grain-bearing branch that is formed on the unelongated basal internode and grows independently of the mother stem (culm) by means of its own adventitious roots 1. Rice tillering occurs in a two-stage process: the formation of an axillary bud at each leaf axil and its subsequent outgrowth 2. Although the morphology and histology 2, 3 and some mutants of rice tillering 4 have been well described, the molecular mechanism of rice tillering remains to be elucidated. Here we report the isolation and characterization of MONOCULM 1 ( MOC1 ), a gene that is important in the control of rice tillering. The moc1 mutant plants have only a main culm without any tillers owing to a defect in the formation of tiller buds. MOC1 encodes a putative GRAS family nuclear protein that is expressed mainly in the axillary buds and functions to initiate axillary buds and to promote their outgrowth.
How does rice tillering occur?
Rice tillering occurs in a two-stage process: the formation of an axillary bud at each leaf axil and its subsequent outgrowth 2. Although the morphology and histology 2, 3 and some mutants of rice tillering 4 have been well described, the molecular mechanism of rice tillering remains to be elucidated.
Why is tillering important?
Tillering is one of the most important agronomic traits because tiller number per plant determines panicle number, a key component of grain yield 18. As a key regulator of tillering, MOC1 (and its homologues in other cereals) could make a significant contribution to future improvement of these crops.
What is it?
The power tillers are machines powered with 1-5 horsepower engine and designed to propel forward or backwards different agriculture implements. Their frame can be adopted to suit its purpose e.g. to pull a disc plow or push a reaper harvester.
What are the benefits and added value?
Powertillers are versatile machines that can power the operation of various farm implements such as; plow disc, rotary puddler, leveler, thresher, and trailers. It is light and easy to manipulate in the field when it is wet or dry. All implements can be manufacturers locally.
What are the drawbacks?
It is an investment of high costs, but can be used for all farming operations including transport of agriculture products. It requires regular maintenance by skilled operators. It can be used to be a service-provider tool and it is economically profitable for the owner of the power tiller.
Where has it been tested?
The powertillers and its implement have been tested in almost all countries in Africa in particular in Mali Senegal and Uganda. Its implements can be locally manufactured by AfricaRice trained manufacturers.
What is the tillering ability of rice?
The tillering ability of rice plants is seen in the number of phyllochrons of growth that they complete before entering their reproductive stage (Nemoto et al., 1995; Stoop et al., 2002). Phyllochrons are periods (cycles) of plant growth in which one or more phytomers (units of tiller, leaf, and root) emerge from the plant's meristematic tissue. This number increases during the plant's vegetative growth and under ideal conditions, it follows a Fibonacci (roughly exponential) sequence (Nemoto et al., 1995; Stoop et al., 2002 ).
How long does tillering last?
Tillering. Tillering begins around 40 days after planting and can last up to 120 days. It is a physiological process of continuous underground branching of compact node joints of the primary shoot (Figure 2.8 ). Tillering gives the crop the necessary number of stalks required for a good production. Several factors, such as variety, light, ...
What are the factors that influence tillering?
Several factors, such as variety, light, temperature, soil humidity (irrigation), spacing and fertilization practices influence tillering. Light is the most important factor.
What cereals are best for tillering?
In contrast to spring cereals, for autumn-sown winter cereals, short days and low temperatures with high precipitation typical of northern autumns favour tillering, particularly in winter rye ( Secale cereale L.), which unlike winter wheat tillers mostly in autumn.
How does floodwater affect rice?
In addition to the influences of air temperature, the floodwater temperature affects the number of panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle. At the early stage of growth, the growing points of leaves, tillers, and panicles are under water, when rice is cultivated under irrigated or lowland rain-fed conditions.
What is a rice hill?
The group of tillers produced by a single plant constitutes a rice hill. Tillering ability is a function of the variety, but is also influenced by growing conditions and crop management practices. Leaves: The leaves grow alternately on the stem, with one leaf per node.
What are the two husks of rice called?
Grain or paddy: The rice grain is composed of three main parts: The rice envelope made of glumes (large portions above the pedicels that link the spikelets to the secondary ramifications) and the two husks called palea (upper husk with three /veins) and lemma (lower husk with 5 veins).
What is the origin of rice?
Origin and taxonomy. Rice belongs to the family of Gramineae and the genera Oryzae. Oryzae contains about 20 different species, of which only two are cultivated: Oryza sativa L. (‘Asian rice’) and Oryza glaberrima Steud. (‘African rice’).
What is the top part of a rice plant?
Panicles: Panicles form the rice inflorescence. It is the top part of the rice plant, carried on the last inter-node. Panicles are composed of primary ramifications (small branches) that carry secondary branches themselves carrying the pedicels which carry the spikelets.
How many stages of the rice cycle are there?
The rice cycle, whatever the variety and ecology, comes to an end after going through the following ten stages: Germination (stage 0). The embryo will germinate as soon as it finds sufficient humidity (the equivalent of one-fourth of the grain weight) and a favorable temperature (optimum: 20° to 35°C).
What is the root system of rice?
Roots: The roots anchor the rice plant in the soil and absorb water and nutrients. Like other Gramineae, the root system of rice is relatively shallow, especially under flooded conditions (95% of the roots are found in the top 0 to 0.2 m of soil). Stems: The stem is composed of a series of nodes and internodes.
When does rice open?
In rice, this opening usually occurs between 9 and 11 a.m.
What is a tiller?
"Tillering" refers to the production of side shoots and is a property possessed by many species in the family Po aceae.
What is a tiller in botany?
Stem produced by grass plants. These barley plants are in the tillering stage. A tiller is a stem produced by grass plants, and refers to all shoots that grow after the initial parent shoot grows from a seed.
What is a Tiller?
A Garden tiller is a powerful machine designed for digging hard and compact soil. Both tools are designed to perform unique functions in the soil. Tillers are used for digging deeply and aggressively in the soil. For example, if you design a new garden at the beginning of the season, you need a tiller.
What is a Cultivator?
Cultivators are a smaller tool as compared to tillers and can be identified by their rake-like apparatus. Cultivators are used for smaller tasks like pulling weeds, stirring the soil, and pushing unwanted grass and stones from the soil.
What Is It?
What Are The Benefits and Added Value?
- Powertillers are versatile machines that can power the operation of various farm implements such as; plow disc, rotary puddler, leveler, thresher, and trailers. It is light and easy to manipulate in the field when it is wet or dry. All implements can be manufacturers locally. The power tiller can be converted to a mechanical reaper to harvest rice ...
What Are The Drawbacks?
- It is an investment of high costs, but can be used for all farming operations including transport of agriculture products. It requires regular maintenance by skilled operators. It can be used to be a service-provider tool and it is economically profitable for the owner of the power tiller.
Where Has It Been Tested?
- The powertillers and its implement have been tested in almost all countries in Africa in particular in Mali Senegal and Uganda. Its implements can be locally manufactured by AfricaRice trained manufacturers.