A special population is a particular group of people within the population that a researcher wants to study.
What is the NORC study?
Why are other populations hard to locate, access, or recruit?
What are the rare populations that are difficult to sample?
What is the National Former Prisoner Survey?
Do all children have equal opportunities?
About this website
What is meant by special populations?
What are Special Populations? Special populations, as defined by Perkins V are: Individuals with disabilities. Individuals from economically disadvantaged families, including low-income youth and adults. Individuals preparing for nontraditional fields.
What are special population groups?
Special populations refers to students that must overcome barriers that may require special consideration and attention to ensure equal opportunity for success and in an educational setting. These students must be provided support that will ensure they have equal access to education resources and opportunities.
What are researchers concerns related to special populations?
Some populations pose special challenges for researchers because they are particularly difficult to sample, locate, or interview. Rare populations, such as children with special health care needs, racial and ethnic minorities, and men who have sex with men, are difficult to sample efficiently.
Which special populations require special protections if they are research subjects?
The Code of Federal Regulations outlines specific requirements to enhance protections for three groups....Vulnerable and Other Populations Requiring Additional ProtectionsPregnant women, human fetuses, and neonates.Children.Prisoners.
Why are children considered a special population?
Children have been identified as a special population to consider in risk assessment because their health risks can differ from those of adults as a result of their immature physiology, metabolism, and different levels of exposure (EPA 1996, 2005b).
What are special population clients?
Special populations include those with chronic and temporary health conditions. CSPSs design safe and effective exercise programs, provide guidance to help clients achieve their personal health/fitness goals, and recognize and respond to emergency situations.
Who is considered a member of a special population in research and why?
For this summary paper, we define "special populations" by age (minors younger than eighteen years of age or elderly adults older than sixty-five), historically under-represented ethnic or racial groups, and people who live in rural areas.
What is a vulnerable population in research?
There are some groups who have been identified by the federal regulations as “vulnerable populations”: pregnant women and fetuses, minors, prisoners, persons with diminished mental capacity, and those who are educationally or economically disadvantaged.
What are special populations in healthcare?
Special needs populations, by definition, require more health care services and/or specialized health care services than other people. There is no one assessment of special health care needs (SHCN) that fits all situations.
Which of the following are considered special populations by the IRB?
IRB FAQs – Special PopulationsFetuses, neonates and children;Individuals with impaired decision-making capacity (cognitively impaired, traumatized, sedated, intoxicated, etc.);Prisoners;The terminally ill;Students or employees;Individuals whose first language is not English;More items...
Who is considered a vulnerable subject?
People who may be especially susceptible to coercion or undue influence are considered vulnerable subject populations. These include: Children/minors. Cognitively impaired individuals.
Which group is considered a special population by the code of federal regulations governing research with human subjects?
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR 45 part 46) Protection of Human Subjects includes Subparts B, C and D, that describe special protections and criteria for inclusion of pregnant women, prisoners and children.
What is an example of a special population?
Examples of special populations might include children, the elderly, people who share the same race or ethnicity, people who all have a particular medical condition, prisoners, people who all work for the same company, people who all use the same product, and the list goes on.
What are special populations in healthcare?
Special needs populations, by definition, require more health care services and/or specialized health care services than other people. There is no one assessment of special health care needs (SHCN) that fits all situations.
What is a special population in sociology?
Who are Special Populations?ChildrenPeople Living With:Older AdultsOpioid Use DisorderRacial and Ethnic MinoritiesHIV/AIDSLow Income IndividualsSerious Mental IllnessIncarcerated and Justice Involved Individuals
Who are considered special population in respect to drug therapy?
... Patients younger than 18 years (paediatrics), older than 65 years (elderly), women (pregnant or non-pregnant), or patients with certain diseases (kidney/liver function/gastrointestinal tract, rare diseases), and critically ill patients are considered special populations (85,86).
What are the barriers to clinical trials?
Furthermore, literacy rates or a primary language other than English can pose significant barriers to clinical trials participation [44]. This problem is even further accentuated for special populations, particularly those of low socioeconomic or minority status, and in both younger and older groups.
What are the factors that determine a special population?
Key factors for special population research include differences in genetics and physiology between ethnically and racially defined groups, access to clinical trials for citizens living in rural cultural areas, age-defined variations across the human lifespan and cultural diversity. Historical and contextual matters are discussed as well. Subject sampling is one of the foundational principles in the conduct of well-designed clinical trials. When special populations have been included into clinical trials, numerous age-dependent, community, cultural and genetic features have come to light (Table 2). These key drivers of variance between special populations require consideration when designing clinical trials to answer specific, population-based questions based upon age, racial/ethnic diversity and context.
What are projected shifts among US special populations?
Projected shifts among US special populations predict increases in population age, a growth among Hispanic communities and a rise in urbanization.
How can special populations be recruited?
Trent et al. [40] suggest that special populations can be successfully recruited with "sufficient investment in the design and infrastructure of the study ," and Townsley et al, Selby & Siu [29] found that provision of personnel and resources to accommodate the unique requirements of their target special population helped to remove barriers to recruitment. In general, a less rigid study design and logistical orientation toward the target group can promote recruitment and retention among special populations. Flexible study design can allow adaptation to the specifics of the target group [41].
What are the demographic changes in the US?
will witness a transition from a predominantly ethnically and racially homogenous society to a more heterogeneous one. By the year 2044 non-Hispanic Whites will no longer enjoy an ethnic majority status, and by the year 2060 Hispanics/Latinos, who are the third fastest growing ethnicity nationally, will account for more than one¬quarter of the total U.S. population. Census reporting of two or more races per individual are expected to increase, with steep declines in non-Hispanic White alone reporting [1]. Concurrent to these ethnic and racial changes, age demographics will also be rapidly evolving. By 2030 the last of the baby boomer generation will turn 65, while overall fertility rates will continue to decline. Despite continuing efforts to include representation of different populations in clinical trials, current participation rates do not accurately represent the diverse constituencies of the U.S. For these reasons, recruitment of special populations is needed to assess and continue to advance health related research. Increased participation helps to ensure that sufficient sample size for ethnicity-specific analyses can be conducted and applicable to the diverse populations that researchers seek to serve [2].
How can research design be inclusive?
Research design has been identified as a key-influencing factor for making research more inclusive. Firstly, there are many types of research studies varying from FDA regulated clinical trials to community-based observational studies. Interest and participation is likely to vary based on the types of studies. A clinical trial that has an intervention arm with a placebo may be unattractive to potential participants because they believe that the intervention to be tested is better and they don't want to be randomized (UNM CTSC research participants, personal communication). There are trial designs, such as cross-over, stepped-wedge, and others that offer participants and communities increased access to study interventions. Including community consultation in early phases, and on specific design and implementation procedures has been shown to be an effective means of increasing trial and research study awareness, participation and enrollment.
What are the drivers of disparate clinical trials?
Key drivers for disparate clinical trials participation and outcomes often include differences in genetics, physiology, and perceptions of mistrust towards researchers. To overcome these barriers, we focus on best practices in recruitment strategies from the perspectives of the participants, the researchers and the institutions that support clinical trials.
What Do We Do?
The Special Populations Research Forum (SPRF) provides a resource for NIH and HHS staff to share best practices and lessons learned in promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in intramural and extramural training and research. The SPRF seeks to promote:
Who Are We?
The SPRF includes people from across NIH and HHS: intramural, extramural, administrative staff, support staff, contractors, fellows and trainees from all areas of expertise.
What is NIH support?
Support: Enable opportunities for NIH staff to create, innovate, and implement NIH scientific and training programs designed to diversify the nation’s research enterprise.
How to join the Special Populations Research Forum?
To join the Special Populations Research Forum mailing list, please visit the Special Populations Research Forum Listserv home page, then click the “Subscribe or Unsubscribe” link in the right sidebar.
How to meet new people?
Meet new people by participating in professional networking events and mentoring activities.
How can juvenile justice be better supported?
The long-term achievement of youth with disabilities in the juvenile justice system can be better supported by providing each youth with: a solid academic foundation, life skills, and. positive workplace attitudes and skills.
What are the special populations of youth with disabilities?
Special Populations. Youth with disabilities who receive services from the social service system (e.g. , foster care , juvenile justice) are at an even greater risk for negative outcomes. 1 They frequently have multiple stresses to face while also transitioning into adulthood. The repeated exposure to stress and risk factors requires special ...
What are the barriers to education for homeless youth?
Some of the most common educational barriers experienced by homeless children and youth with disabilities include: Experiencing challenges with a diagnosis related to mobility and other stressors associated with homelessness;
What challenges do homeless people face?
Homeless children and youth face the challenge of disrupted education and those who have a disability face additional challenges to learning and obtaining educational achievement. 14 Children and youth who are homeless, compared to those who are not homeless:
How many children have mental health disorders?
Research has demonstrated that as many as one in five children/youth have a diagnosable mental health disorder. Read about how coordination between public service agencies can improve treatment for these youth.
What is the need for schools, families, support staff, and communities to work together to develop targeted, coordinated, and?
Statistics reflecting the number of youth suffering from mental health, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders highlight the necessity for schools, families, support staff, and communities to work together to develop targeted, coordinated, and comprehensive transition plans for young people with a history of mental health needs and/or substance abuse.
How does civic engagement help young people?
Civic engagement has the potential to empower young adults, increase their self-determination, and give them the skills and self-confidence they need to enter the workforce. Read about one youth’s experience in AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC).
What happens if a prisoner is enrolled in a research?
If a research participant, while taking part in a study, becomes a prisoner, and the relevant research proposal was not reviewed and approved by the IRB without applying the additional regulations for protections for prisoners in research, the investigator must promptly notify the IRB. All research interactions and interventions with, and obtaining identifiable private information about, the now incarcerated prisoner-participant must be suspended immediately, unless doing so will put that individual at risk. Upon receipt of the investigator’s report that a previously enrolled research participant has become a prisoner, and if the investigator wishes to have the individual continue to participate in the research, the IRB must promptly re-review the proposal in accordance with the requirements of subpart C (additional protections for prisoners in research). If the research is supported by federal funds, IRB approval is not sufficient to allow the study on that one prisoner to continue. The institution (s) engaged in the research involving the prisoner participant must send a certification to OHRP and wait for a letter of authorization in reply. Otherwise, the prisoner participant must be withdrawn from the study.
What is subpart D?
Subpart D addresses protections for children who participate in research. The regulations can be found online.
What is subpart B of the fetus regulations?
Subpart B of the regulations addresses additional protections extended to research involving fetuses, pregnant women and human in vitro fertilization.
What is a vulnerable participant in a research project?
Vulnerable research participants are persons who are relatively or absolutely incapable of protecting their own interests. The researcher and research team should be cognizant of the special problems of research involving vulnerable populations, justify the proposed involvement of these populations in the research, and include additional safeguards for their safety and welfare. These populations include:
What is the NORC study?
NORC is conducting a study for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control to assess the barriers and facilitators of older adults' use of ride share services.
Why are other populations hard to locate, access, or recruit?
Other populations may be hard to locate, access, or recruit due to barriers to entry, cultural differences, or dangerous settings. Examples include research conducted on Native American reservations, in homeless shelters, or with the incarcerated.
What are the rare populations that are difficult to sample?
Rare populations, such as children with special health care needs, racial and ethnic minorities, and men who have sex with men, are difficult to sample efficiently. Others like the homeless are absent from traditional sampling frames.
What is the National Former Prisoner Survey?
The National Former Prisoner Survey (FPS) is one of a series of major studies undertaken by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, in response to congressional mandates in the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.
Do all children have equal opportunities?
A 2019 study from Sesame Workshop and NORC at the University of Chicago found that most U. S. parents and educators do not believe that all children have an equal opportunity to succeed. Most parents indicated that different social identities have some impact on children's success pathways.
What Do We do?
- The Special Populations Research Forum (SPRF) provides a resource for NIH and HHS staff to share best practices and lessons learned in promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in intramural and extramural training and research. The SPRF seeks to promote: 1. Community:Connect NIH and HHS staff with a shared common interest in DEI. 2. Exchang...
Who Are We?
- The SPRF includes people from across NIH and HHS: intramural, extramural, administrative staff, support staff, contractors, fellows and trainees from all areas of expertise.
Why Should I Join?
- The SPRF community welcomes all NIH and HHS staff with an interest in enhancing the diversity of the Nation’s research enterprise. As the NIH mission statement describes, one of the goals of our agency is “to exemplify and promote the highest level of scientific integrity, public accountability, and social responsibility in the conduct of science.” 1. Stay on top of what is hap…
Mailing List
- To join the Special Populations Research Forum mailing list, please visit the Special Populations Research Forum Listserv home page(external link), then click the “Subscribe or Unsubscribe” link in the right sidebar.
Scientific Focus Areas
- View SIGs in Clinical Research Learn more about Clinical Research in the IRP(external link)
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