What is the transcription unit?
The transcription unit is made of the promoter region, structural genes, and terminator region. The transcription process starts with the initiation step where the RNA polymerase binds with the promoter region with the help of transcription factors.
What is the DNA sequence that undergoes transcription?
The DNA sequence undergoing the transcription process requires important structural features. These structural components are referred to as a transcription unit. It is made of two types of sequence such as coding sequence and regulatory sequence.
What is the process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA?
Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from the DNA. It is an important phenomenon in gene expression. The proteins are the molecules that are produced as the result of gene expression. The transcription unit is the DNA encoding a particular gene that undergoes the process of transcription.
What is the process of converting DNA into mRNA?
In molecular biology, there is a central dogma that involves the conversion of DNA into mRNA through a process called transcription. This mRNA undergoes post-transcriptional modification where it is prepared to undergo the further process. It is then followed by the process of translation which is otherwise called protein synthesis. In this process, the mRNA gets converted into protein. After this, the mRNA undergoes, the process of a post-translational modification.
What is the terminator sequence?
It is followed by the important process is known as a termination. The terminator sequence is the region where the transcription process is terminated. This process takes place via two processes such as (i) Rho-dependent termination and (ii) Rho-independent termination.
What is DNA made of?
DNA is a double-stranded helix made of nucleotide bases. This DNA has particular encoded information that codes for a particular gene product.
Which direction does DNA run in?
Since the DNA is the double-stranded structure of which one of the strands act as a template to carry out the transcription process, this template strand is the antisense which runs from the 3’ direction to the 5’ direction.
Which segment of DNA is involved in transcription?
The segment of the DNA that takes part in transcription is called the transcription unit. A transcription unit has three components:
What is the name of the enzyme that transcribes RNA over a DNA template?
RNA polymerase is a multi-unit enzyme that transcribes the RNA over a DNA template and is hence also called DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme.
What is the name of the ribonucleoside triphosphates that float freely in the?
3. Base-Pairing: The ribonucleoside triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP) that float freely in the karyoplasm of the nucleus serve as the raw material for RNA synthesis. They are formed by the activation (phosphorylation) of ribonucleoside monophosphate (i.e., AMP, GMP, CMP, UMP) through union with ATP. The enzyme phosphorylase catalyses the activation process.
How many different types of RNA polymerase are there?
In eukaryotes, three different types of RNA polymerase have been noticed that transcribe RNA. Each comprises about eight or more subunits, involving the four similar to the prokaryotic RNA polymerase. The three different RNA polymerase and their function are listed below:
What is structural gene?
A structural gene codes for an RNA or protein product other than a regulatory protein (regulatory factor). It may code for structure proteins, an enzyme, or an RNA molecule. The structural genes may be monocistronic (mostly in eukaryotes) or polycistronic (mostly in prokaryotes). In eukaryotes, the monocistronic structural genes have interrupted coding sequences, i.e., the genes are split or separated. The coding sequence is called the exons, and the interrupted sequence is called the introns. The introns do not appear in processed RNA.
What is the process of synthesising RNA?
Transcription is the process of synthesising RNA (mRNA) over a DNA strand ( coding strand) with the help of RNA polymerase. Both the strands of DNA do not transcribe RNA; only one out of two strands participate in the transcription. The synthesised RNA further carries the information to encode the protein to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm.
Where is DNA located in the cell?
Transcription: DNA contains information for the synthesis of specific proteins of the cell. DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotes and found in the form of nucleoids in prokaryotes. DNA does not move out from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis, i.e., ribosomes (located in the cytoplasm), to directly guide the process. Instead, it transfers the information to mRNA molecules which further move to the ribosomes to direct the process of protein synthesis. Hence, an mRNA strand is firstly synthesised over a DNA template. This phenomenon is called transcription. It can be said that the process of transcription involves rewriting the genetic messages coded in DNA into the RNA molecule. The process of transcription follows certain steps in sequence. Let’s read the article to enhance and elaborate on the entire mechanism of transcription in detail.
