What is the purpose of a trough?
Peaks and troughs are the highest and lowest concentrations of a medication in an individual's body. They are used to determine dosing intervals, or how much time should pass between each new administration of the drug.
What does trough mean in clinical trials?
In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (Ctrough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
What is the trough of a drug?
When a trough is drawn, the provider is examining what the concentration of a certain medication is at its lowest therapeutic level. This is typically done 30 minutes before the next dose is scheduled to be administered. This is important when measuring therapeutic levels.
What is a trough blood draw?
A trough level is drawn immediately before the next dose of the drug is administered. A peak level is drawn 1 to several hours after the drug is administered (depending on the drug).
What does a 12 hour trough mean?
A trough level is the lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered. For example, if cyclosporine is given twice a day, a blood sample is usually drawn 12 hours after the last dose, before a new dose is given.
When do you check trough levels?
Trough levels should be checked just before the fourth dose, when steady-state levels are likely to have been achieved. More frequent monitoring may be considered in patients with fluctuating renal function. Trough levels should be higher than 10 mg/L to prevent the development of resistance.
What is called trough?
low point is called the trough. For longitudinal waves, the compressions and rarefactions are analogous to the crests and troughs of transverse waves. The distance between successive crests or troughs is called the wavelength. The height of a wave is the amplitude.
What is the word trough mean?
trough (plural troughs) A long, narrow container, open on top, for feeding or watering animals.
What is the meaning of the term trough?
a long, narrow container without a lid that usually holds water or food for farm animals: cows at the feeding trough.
Why do they take 4 vials of blood?
A certain amount of blood is consumed to test for different items. A small amount can lead to inaccurate results or failure to produce results. Drawing an excessive amount of blood will ensure that there is enough for retesting in case of abnormal results.
What happens in the trough stage?
A trough is the stage of the economy's business cycle that marks the end of a period of declining business activity and the transition to expansion. The business cycle is the upward and downward movement of gross domestic product and consists of recessions and expansions that end in peaks and troughs.
What happens during trough?
In an economy, the business cycle comprises of troughs, peaks, recessions and upturns. Troughs are the bottom stage of a business cycle, where recession stops and the economy moves upwards or a boom occurs. Troughs mark the availability of employment, reduced layoffs, and high credits.
What is the meaning of trough concentration?
Trough concentration: the concentration of drug in the blood immediately before the next dose is administered, although this does not necessarily represent the lowest concentration during a dosing interval.
What happens between the trough and the peak?
An economic trough occurs after an expansion. Troughs are a regular part of the business cycle. As an economy expands and its GDP grows, it will eventually reach a peak. The economy will then begin to contract as it slides down the backside of the peak and goes into recession.
What Is A Trough?
Understanding Troughs
Special Considerations
Examples of Troughs in The U.S.
Frequently Asked Questions
- When do troughs in the business cycle occur?
A trough in the business cycle occurs when a recession ends and economic recovery or expansion begins. A recession's depth is determined by the magnitude of the peak-to-trough decline in the broad measures of output, employment, income, and sales. Its diffusion is measur… - What are the stages of the economic cycle?
The economic cycle is another term for the business cycle. The four stages are expansion, peak, contraction, and trough.