What are the four types of fracture?
- Transverse, where the break is straight across the bone in perpendicular fashion
- Longitudinal, where the break is along the long axis of the bone, somewhat down the middle
- Comminuted, where the bone is broken into more than two pieces
What are the four types of bone fractures?
- Greenstick fractures: the bone is cracked but the break does not extend completely through the bone. ...
- Buckle fractures: greenstick fractures in which the bone bends but does not break.
- Compression fractures occur when bone collapses and starts to break up. ...
- Avulsion fractures: a bone breaks because of an injury that causes exten
What is a Grade 2 fracture?
Once a stress fracture continues into a traditional fracture, it can be a complicated injury that requires surgery to repair. Stanford University has created an MRI-based classification system for stress fractures 2. There are 4 grades listed and further described in the video below: Grade 1: small periosteum edema
What is the most common fracture?
The Top 10 Broken Bones
- Clavicle
- Arm
- Wrist
- Hip
- Ankle
- Foot
- Toe
- Hand
- Finger
- Leg.
What is a Salter-Harris type 4 fracture?
Type 4. This fracture occurs when a force hits the growth plate, the rounded part of the bone, and the bone shaft. About 10 percent of Salter-Harris fractures are type 4. This can happen at any age, and it may affect bone growth.
What is a Type 3 fracture?
A type III fracture (see the images below) is a fracture through the physis and epiphysis. This fracture passes through the hypertrophic layer of the physis and extends to split the epiphysis, inevitably damaging the reproductive layer of the physis.
What is a Type 2 fracture?
A type II Salter-Harris fracture is the most common pediatric physeal fracture, occurring frequently in children over 10 years of age. This fracture breaks at an angle, cutting through most of the growth plate and the metaphysis, the area above the growth plate.
What are the 5 types of Salter-Harris fractures?
EvaluationSalter I (Slipped) This is when the fracture line extends through the physis or within the growth plate. ... Salter II (Above) These are when the fracture extends through both the physis and metaphysis. ... Salter III (Lower) ... Salter IV (Through/Transverse) ... Salter V (Rammed/Ruined)
What are the 6 types of bone fractures?
The Different Types of Bone FracturesTransverse fracture. A transverse fracture occurs when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone. ... Oblique fracture. ... Comminuted fracture. ... Greenstick fracture. ... Stress fracture. ... Pathologic fracture.
What is a Type 1 or 2 fracture?
They categorized open injuries into the familiar three categories, based on wound size, level of contamination, and osseous injury, as follows: Type I = an open fracture with a wound less than 1 cm long and clean; Type II = an open fracture with a laceration greater than 1 cm long without extensive soft tissue damage, ...
What are the eight types of fractures?
Different types of bone fractures can be open, closed, stable, displaced, partial, or complete.Transverse Fracture. Transverse fractures are breaks that are in a straight line across the bone. ... Spiral Fracture. ... Greenstick Fracture. ... Stress Fracture. ... Compression Fracture. ... Oblique Fracture. ... Impacted Fracture. ... Segmental Fracture.More items...•
What is a C1 fracture?
A Jefferson fracture is another name for a bone fracture of the front and back arches of the C1 vertebra. The C1 vertebra is the top one, closest to your skull. C1 fractures represent about 2 percent of all vertebral fractures, according to a 2013 review.
Why is it called a hangman's fracture?
A hangman's fracture is a break in the second vertebra of your neck, called the C2, or axis. This bone forms a ring around your spinal cord. A hangman's fracture occurs on both sides of this bone. Despite its gruesome name, a hangman's fracture is rarely caused by hangings.
Do you need a cast for a Salter-Harris fracture?
A cast or splint may be used to help prevent movement in the injured area until more treatment is done. Some Salter-Harris fractures take up to 14 days before they can be seen on an x-ray. Your child's injury may need to be put in a cast or splint if a Salter-Harris fracture is known or suspected.
Which Salter-Harris fracture has the best prognosis?
Factors affecting the prognosis Type of Salter Harris fracture. Types I and II rarely have growth problems while III and IV have a worse prognosis. It is important to warn the parents of this possibility.
What is a Salter-Harris Type 3 fracture?
Salter-Harris type III fractures are an uncommon, intraarticular fracture physeal fractures that occur in children. The fracture line is often obliquely oriented through the epiphysis to the physis where it will take a horizontal orientation extending to the edge of the physis.
What is a compression fracture?
Compression or Wedge Fracture: usually involves the bones in the back (vertebrae). Greenstick Fracture: an incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent; occurs most often in children. Linear Fracture: the break is parallel to the bone’s long axis. Oblique Fracture: the break has a curved or sloped pattern.
What is a non-displaced fracture?
Non-Displaced Fracture: the bone breaks but does not move out of alignment. Closed Fracture: the skin is not broken. Open Fracture: the bone has broken through the skin – this is a medical emergency and you should be seen in the emergency or urgent care department immediately.
What is a fracture when a fragment of bone is separated from the main mass?
Avulsion Fracture: when a fragment of bone is separated from the main mass. Buckled Fracture: (or impacted fracture), ends are driven into each other; commonly seen in arm fractures in children. Comminuted Fracture: the bone breaks into several pieces.
What is a spiral fracture?
Spiral Fracture: one part of the bone has been twisted at the break point. Stress Fracture: a hairline crack. Transverse Fracture: the broken piece of bone is at a right angle to the bone’s axis.
Can you have a fractured bone treated without surgery?
We treat all types of fractures at Southwest Health, throughout all stages of the healing process. Some fractures may require surgery to align the bones and to promote better long term function, but most can be treated without surgery.
What are some examples of fractures?
Examples include osteoporosis, infection, or a tumor. As mentioned earlier, this type of fracture is known as a pathological fracture. Stress fractures, which result from repeated stresses and strains, commonly found among professional sports people, are also common causes of fractures.
Which is more serious, a compound fracture or an open fracture?
On the other hand, one that damages surrounding skin and penetrates the skin is known as a compound fracture or an open fracture. Compound fractures are generally more serious than simple fractures, because, by definition, they are infected.
What type of fracture is a muscle pull?
Types. There is a range of fracture types, including: Avulsion fracture – a muscle or ligament pulls on the bone, fracturing it. Comminuted fracture – the bone is shattered into many pieces. Compression (crush) frac ture – generally occurs in the spongy bone in the spine.
Why do fractures occur?
A significant percentage of bone fractures occur because of high force impact or stress. However, a fracture may also be the result of some medical conditions which weaken the bones, for example osteoporosis, some cancers, or osteogenesis imperfecta (also known as brittle bone diseases).
What is a spiral fracture?
Spiral fracture – a fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted. Stress fracture – more common among athletes. A bone breaks because of repeated stresses and strains. Torus (buckle) fracture – bone deforms but does not crack.
How do you know if you have a fractured bone?
Symptoms of a bone fracture can vary wildly depending on the affected region and severity. The signs and symptoms of a fracture vary according to which bone is affected, the patient’s age and general health, as well as the severity of the injury. However, they often include some of the following: pain. swelling.
What is a crack in a bone called?
A crack (not only a break) in the bone is also known as a fracture. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body. There are several different ways in which a bone can fracture ; for example, a break to the bone that does not damage surrounding tissue or tear through the skin is known as a closed fracture .
What is a transverse fracture?
A transverse fracture is one that occurs at a 90-degree angle, straight across the bone. It happens when the impact comes perpendicular to the site of injury. Treatment for a Transverse Fracture: The medical provider will realign the bones through an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).
What is the name of the fracture in the legs and feet?
6. Hairline Frac ture. A hairline fracture is also known as a stress fracture and occurs mostly on the legs and feet. It is a result of repetitive movement and occurs when athletes suddenly increase the frequency or intensity of workouts such as running or jogging.
What type of fracture requires surgery?
4. Oblique Fracture. An oblique fracture occurs when the bone breaks at an angle.
What is a stable fracture?
This is the type of fracture that occurs when an injury causes the bone to break clean, with its parts in alignment. This means that the bone maintains its original position. Treatment for a Stable Fracture: Since this type of fracture doesn’t require realignment, the doctor will simply immobilize the bone with a cast.
How to treat hairline fracture?
Treatment for a Hairline Fracture: The most important thing you can do to heal a stress fracture is rest. Take time off from exercising.
What is pathological fracture?
Pathological fractures occur when a patient has an illness that has weakened their bones, such as osteoporosis , arthritis , osteomyelitis , osteosarcoma, or metabolic bone disorders. Treatment for a Pathological Fracture: Treatment will depend on the underlying condition that caused the fracture.
What is the most severe injury?
5. Compound Fracture. This is one of the most severe injuries: A compound or open fracture is when the bone pierces the skin when it breaks. Surgery is usually called for due to its severity and the risk of infection. Treatment for a Compound Fracture: This type of injury is an emergency.
Which fracture is medial to the neural foramen?
zone 2: fracture involves the neural foramina, but does not involve the spinal canal. zone 3: fracture is medial to the neural foramen, involving the spinal canal; these may be transverse or longitudinal, and can be sub-classified into 4 types:
What classification system is used for sacral fractures?
Classification of sacral fractures. There are several classification systems for sacral fractures, but the most commonly employed are the Denis classification and subclassification systems, and the Isler classification system.
What is a Le Fort fracture?
Le Fort fractures are a group of fractures that occur when the midface is either partially or fully separated from the skull. The classification of Le Fort fractures is based on the plane of injury: type I is a horizontal injury, type II is a pyramidal injury, and type III is a very extensive transverse injury that often results in ...
What is the treatment for a Le Fort fracture?
A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the facial bones is often required to fully assess the extent of the injury. Treatment of a Le Fort fracture usually requires prompt stabilization of the fracture followed by surgery, in order to restore the typical facial orientation, re-establish proper positioning of the teeth, ...
What is the name of the fracture that affects the midface of the skull?
Le Fort fractures, also known as midaxillary fractures, are a group of fractures that affect the midface of the skull and collectively involve a partial or complete separation of the midface from the skull.
What is Le Fort type II?
Le Fort type II presents with a pyramidal-shaped fracture. The upper teeth make up the base and the nasofrontal suture— a band of tissue connecting the frontal bone and the nasal bones —makes up the point or apex of the pyramidal fracture. The pyramidal plane of fracture can again occur through the alveolar ridge (an extension of the upper jaw) ...
What causes a Le Fort type I?
They are often caused by rapid deceleration car crashes in which the midface strikes a stationary object, such as the car’s dashboard. It can also occur if the midface is struck by a rigid object, such as a baseball bat. If the force is directed at the midface straight on, a Le Fort type I or II typically results.
What is the plane of injury in Le Fort?
There are three types of Le Fort fractures that can be classified according to the specific plane of injury. In a Le Fort type I, the plane of injury is horizontal and typically results in a separation of the teeth from the upper face.
Where does the horizontal fracture line go?
The horizontal fracture line generally passes through the alveolar ridge which is the bony socket that holds the teeth, the lateral nose, and the inferior part of the maxillary sinus, one of the four nasal sinuses that resides near the nose. Le Fort type II presents with a pyramidal-shaped fracture. The upper teeth make up the base and the ...
