What does a wellhead do?
Simply put, a wellhead is a system of spools, valves, and assorted adapters that used to provide pressure control of a production well. Its primary purpose is to provide a suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment.
What is wellhead system?
Wellhead systems serve as the termination point of casing and tubing strings. As such, these systems control pressure and provide access to the main bore of the casing or tubing or to the annulus.
What is wellhead in oil rig?
A wellhead is an equipment installed at the surface of a completed oil or a gas well that provides a structural and pressure containing interface for the drilling and production equipment. In other words, this object is installed where casings are terminated by hanging the casings using casing hanger and seals.
What is wellhead tower?
The wellhead tower facilities in Offshore are designed to receive well fluid from different oil fields and transport through pipelines for further processing. The functional requirements for any typical wellhead tower do not vary much; leading to similar design features in most of the Offshore facilities.
What is a platform well?
Wellhead platform generally is a type of oil platform that houses personnel and machineries to extract oil and natural gas through wells in the ocean bed.
What does a well system consist of?
Basically, a well is a hole drilled into the ground to access water contained in an aquifer. A pipe and a pump are used to pull water out of the ground, and a screen filters out unwanted particles that could clog the pipe.
What are the components in well head?
Generally, the wellhead consists of three components: (1) the casing head, (2) the tubing head, and (3) the Christmas tree. The casing head consists of heavy fittings that provide a seal between the casing and the surface.
How is wellhead installed?
The wellhead is slipped on to the surface or conductor casing, and the base plate landed on the first casing string run (normally drive-pipe). The welding procedure is then performed which typically includes preheating, welding of the head to casing, postheating, and cooling.
What are the three components of an oil rig?
Power systemMechanical system - driven by electric motors.Rotating equipment - used for rotary drilling.Casing - large-diameter concrete pipe that lines the drill hole, prevents the hole from collapsing, and allows drilling mud to circulate.More items...
What are the different types of well systems?
There are three types of private drinking water wells.Dug/Bored wells are holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. ... Driven wells are constructed by driving pipe into the ground. ... Drilled wells are constructed by percussion or rotary-drilling machines.
Can a wellhead be underground?
AVOID BURYING THE WELL HEAD UNDERGROUND When a well head is buried under ground, it is at greater risk of surface water infiltration and water being exposed to nearby sources of contamination like road salt, pesticides, fertilizers, oil and even gasoline.
What is a wellhead control panel?
Wellhead Control Panels (WHCPs) is key equipment in oil & gas industry. Wellhead systems serve as the termination point of casing and tubing strings. As such, these systems control pressure and provide access to the main bore of the casing or tubing or to the annulus.
What are the four types of well?
There are water wells, oil wells, gas wells, and more. Wells have been used in many cultures around the world for over 8,000 years. The first wells were likely dug by hand or with very simple tools.
What are the different types of well systems?
There are three types of private drinking water wells.Dug/Bored wells are holes in the ground dug by shovel or backhoe. ... Driven wells are constructed by driving pipe into the ground. ... Drilled wells are constructed by percussion or rotary-drilling machines.
What is wellhead installation?
The wellhead is slipped on to the surface or conductor casing, and the base plate landed on the first casing string run (normally drive-pipe). The welding procedure is then performed which typically includes preheating, welding of the head to casing, postheating, and cooling.
What is a well head made of?
They are frequently manufactured from blocks of steel containing multiple valves rather than made from multiple flanged valves. The primary function of a tree is to control the flow into or out of the well, usually oil or gas.
How deep can a wellhead be used?
In water depths of 500 to 1,400 ft, subsea wellheads are used to explore and develop offshore fields. Deepwater production platforms can be placed over these wells and tied back to the subsea wellheads; the top termination of the tieback at the platform will typically use surface unitized wellheads with solid block Christmas trees (which have fewer leak paths) as pressure-controlled access points to each well. Spars and TLPs are floating vessels used in deep water up to 4,500 ft. The wells are drilled using subsea wellheads, which are then tied back to the production deck of the spar or TLP, again using unitized wellheads and solid block trees to safely control and produce the well. For these special applications, it is recommended to contact your equipment supplier for more detailed information.
How deep is a TLP well?
Spars and TLPs are floating vessels used in deep water up to 4,500 ft. The wells are drilled using subsea wellheads, which are then tied back to the production deck of the spar or TLP, again using unitized wellheads and solid block trees to safely control and produce the well.
What is a wellhead system?
Wellhead systems. Wellhead systems serve as the termination point of casing and tubing strings. As such, these systems control pressure and provide access to the main bore of the casing or tubing or to the annulus.
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What is a polished rod lubricator?
Polished Rod Lubricator. In some cases, a free-floating polished rod lubricator with wick-action felt wiper pads is typically equipped to the polished rod. It is generally placed directly over the stuffing box.
Why use a polished rod liner?
Polished Rod Liner. In order to protect the polished rod from wear , a polished rod liner is situated overtop of it. This method is simpler to avoid packing leakage from a stuffing box with a larger liner diameter. To ensure the proper polished rod liner is utilized, it should measure the optimum stroke length with an additional two added feet.
What happens when you tighten a rod liner?
If this occurs, each clamp tightening on the liner will create a series of indentations; and with each pumping stroke, a little quantity of compressed gas and oil is released into the atmosphere through the flawed section (s) of the polished rod liner goes through the stuffing box.
What is a polished rod clamp?
Polished Rod Clamp. As seen in Figure 3, polished rod clamps are utilized during transportation to reinforce the rod string while the additional weight is carried by the carrier bar and bridle. The polished rod clamp is obtainable anywhere from one bolt up to four or five bolts (depending upon the rod load requirements). In some situations, lease pumpers may utilize two clamps for safety purposes.
Why do oil and gas wells need a tubing holddown?
This is due to the reduced bottom hole pressure; the removal of a packer helps to reduce formation pressure, and aids in promoting fluid flow.
How to prevent paraffin buildup?
To help prevent paraffin buildup, a common practice is to use a rod rotator (See Figure 4). This device is attached to the walking beam and situated on the wellhead. As the pumping unit pumps, the rotator slightly turns the rods with each stroke. Scrapers are utilized and placed close enough so that as the rods rotate with every stroke, the small over-travel scrapes the paraffin off.
How far should a polished rod extend?
The top of the polished rod should extend throughout the entire bridle carrier bar with enough allotted space to install an appropriate clamp, with enough additional room for the string to drop to the base to tap bottom.
What is a Christmas Tree?
In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or “tree”, is an assembly of a multi-valved structure consisting of valves, spools, and fittings used to control the flow of oil from the well. The shape of the wellhead structure with valves looks like a pine tree so the wellhead is called as “Christmas tree”. Christmas Tree is connected to the top of the tubing and cemented to the top of the casing. These valves regulate pressure, control flow, and allow access to the wellbore when further completion work is required. From the outlet valve of the Christmas Tree, the flow can be connected to a distribution network of pipelines and tanks to distribute the product to refineries, natural gas compressor stations, or oil export terminals.
What is a Wellhead?
A wellhead skid controls the operation of the Christmas tree and mudline safety valves. The skid permits valves to be operated locally, remotely, or via ESD system and timing mechanisms provide a means of controlling the speed and sequence of valve operation. This sequence would normally be close to the wing valve, master valve, and mudline safety valve.
What is a donut valve?
The valve can be used to determine leaks in the casing, tubing, or the packer, and will also be used for lift gas injection into the casing. The tubing hanger (also called donut) is used to position the tubing correctly in the well. Sealing also allows Christmas tree removal with pressure in the casing.
What is a wellhead called?
The shape of the wellhead structure with valves looks like a pine tree so the wellhead is called as “Christmas tree ”. Christmas Tree is connected to the top of the tubing and cemented to the top of the casing. These valves regulate pressure, control flow, and allow access to the wellbore when further completion work is required.
How much pressure does a well head have to withstand?
These wellheads must be able to withstand very high pressures of the order of 140 MPa (1400 Bar). The wellhead consists of three components: the casing head, the tubing head, and the ‘Christmas tree’.
What is the difference between a tree and a downhole safety valve?
The control system attached to the tree controls the downhole safety valve while the tree acts as an attachment and conduit means of the control system to the downhole safety valve.
How many valves are needed for a Christmas tree?
Christmas tree may be manufactured with one or two wing valves. One valve is permanently connected to the hydrocarbon process system and is fitted with a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator. The other valve is manual in operation and permits the injection of chemicals or gases into the well without disturbing production pipework.
What is Sanjack Petro?
Sanjack petro is a professional, dedicated and reliable petroleum equipment manufacturer.
What is the purpose of a master valve and swab valve?
1. Combined master valve and swab valve to decrease the offshore wellhead & X-mas tree height. 2. Hydraulic safety valve in main drift diameter to achieve remote shutdown of wellhead in an emergency. 3.
What is an offshore wellhead?
Offshore wellhead and X-mas tree is designed to solve the problem of space limitation faced in offshore platform oil and gas wells, and adopts a complex integral design.
Why is the Christmas tree integral?
Because of space limitation, the christmas tree is integral. The main valve and paraffin valve of christmas tree adopt the combined structure, the overall height is low. The main channel is equipped with a liquid-controlled safety valve to remotely close the wellhead in case of emergency. According to the production needs, ...
What is a rod seal made of?
The rod seal is made of polytetrafluoroethylene with skeleton, so the seal is reliable.The new type of rod seal structure has small switching torque and 3 1/8 “ valve can be turned without pressure by a finger.
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Is Sanjack Petro a good partner?
Sanjack petro is one of our well-reputed and strategic partner. The solution designed by Sanjack petro for us is very functional, technically qualified, and help us save lots cost. The products, services and all qualification certificates provided by Sanjack Petro are of great help to us, but also meet our customer’s site requirements and satisfy them.
