what is an epidemiological map

by Edwin Heidenreich Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

What does epidemiology teaches us?

What Is Epidemiology? Epidemiology is the branch of medical science that investigates all the factors that determine the presence or absence of diseases and disorders. Epidemiological research helps us to understand how many people have a disease or disorder, if those numbers are changing, and how the disorder affects our society and our economy.

What is epidemiology and why is it important?

Data and Informatics Analysts at medical technology firms, hospitals, and universities
Research Scientists at statewide health departments
Fellows at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Clinical Trial Associates at international research laboratories
Research and Evaluation Manager at nonprofit organizations

What is epidemiology and what does an epidemiologist do?

What is Epidemiology and What Does an Epidemiologist Do? Epidemiology is the area of healthcare that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases, illnesses and other factors relating to health. Epidemiologists are professionals in the medical field, but they aren’t necessarily doctors.

What are the determinants of Epidemiology?

Results

Distributions of outdoor time. Table 1 summarizes the distributions of outdoor time by gender, age group, urbanicity, region, and household expenditure.
Seasonal and day-of-the-week variations. Children’s outdoor time displayed distinct seasonality (Fig. ...
Environmental determinants of outdoor time. ...
Locations of children spent time outdoors. ...

What is epidemiological mapping?

Bassey, Enya Bassey. University of Calabar. Disease mapping has a long history in epidemiology, and may be. defined as the estimation and presentation of summary measures of. health outcomes.

What is the importance of epidemiological maps?

Maps have long been used to not only visualise, but also to inform infectious disease control efforts, identify and predict areas of greatest risk of specific diseases, and better understand the epidemiology of disease over various spatial scales.

What is an example of epidemiological data?

Examples of sources of secondary data that are commonly used in epidemiological studies include birth and death certificates, population census records, patient medical records, disease registries, insurance claim forms and billing records, public health department case reports, and surveys of individuals and ...

What does epidemiological mean in geography?

Geographical epidemiology can be defined as the description of spatial patterns of disease morbidity and mortality, part of descriptive epidemiological studies, with the aim of formulating hypotheses about the aetiology of diseases.

What epidemiology means?

By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global).

How the spot map is use in the identification and Analyses of the disease?

Spot maps generally are used for clusters or outbreaks with a limited number of cases. A dot or X is placed on the location that is most relevant to the disease of interest, usually where each victim lived or worked, just as John Snow did in his spot map of the Golden Square area of London (Figure 1.1).

What is epidemiological data in public health?

Epidemiologic data are paramount to targeting and implementing evidence-based control measures to protect the public's health and safety. Nowhere are data more important than during a field epidemiologic investigation to identify the cause of an urgent public health problem that requires immediate intervention.

What are the uses of epidemiological data?

Identifies populations at increased risk for the health problem under investigation. Provides timely information for decision-makers, the media, the public, and others about ongoing investigations. Supports decisions for initiating or modifying control and prevention measures.

How is epidemiology data used?

Epidemiological information is used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom disease has already developed. Like the clinical findings and pathology, the epidemiology of a disease is an integral part of its basic description.

What are the 3 main elements of the definition of epidemiology?

The epidemiologic triangle is made up of three parts: agent, host and environment.

What is epidemiology quizlet?

Epidemiology. the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems; the basic science for public health. Frequency.

What is another word for epidemiology?

epizootiological, endemic, contagious, epizootic.

Most recent answer

Also look at Tableau Public software (for examples see my blog shrcraipur.blogspot.in and go backwards to July and June). I have not used the data capabilities- only the mapping facility

All Answers (12)

I looked into mapping software a few years ago for nutritional epidemiology. There is various software available that allows you to create maps that show epidemiological data - the choice will depend on what the final use is, your budget and resources. Just google a few search words and see what you come across.

What is an EpiMap?

EpiMap is an application of Epi Info for creating maps and overlaying survey data, and is available for download. Maps are used to show the geographic location of events or attributes. Two types of maps commonly used in field epidemiology are spot maps and area maps.

What is a phylogenetic tree graph?

Description: Phylogenetic tree graph of sequence analysis of nucleotide variation. Emerging horizontally from the Y-axis are a series of connectors showing the relationship between nucleotides. Similarities cluster together. Return to text.

What is pie graph?

Pie graphs are used for proportional assessment by comparing data elements as percentages or counts against other data elements and against the sum of the data elements. Displaying data using a pie graph is easy using Epi Info.

What is a forest plot?

A forest plot, also called a confidence interval plot, is used to display the point estimates and confidence intervals of individual studies assembled for a meta-analysis or systematic review. ( 19) In the forest plot, the variable on the x-axis is the primary outcome measure from each study (relative risk, treatment effects, etc.). If risk ratio, odds ratio, or another ratio measure is used, the x-axis uses a logarithmic-scale. This is because the logarithmic transformation of these risk estimates has a more symmetric distribution than do the risk estimates themselves (since the risk estimates can vary from zero to an arbitrarily large number). Each study is represented by a horizontal line — reflecting the confidence interval — and a dot or square — reflecting the point estimate — usually due to study size or some other aspect of study design (Figure 4.31). The shorter the horizontal line, the more precise the study’s estimate. Point estimates (dots or squares) that line up reasonably well indicate that the studies show a relatively consistent effect. A vertical line indicates where no effect (relative risk = 1 or treatment effect = 0) falls on the x-axis. If a study’s horizontal line does not cross the vertical line, that study’s result is statistically significant. From a forest plot, one can easily ascertain patterns among studies as well as outliers.

What is a compact pattern of points from the lower left to the upper right?

A fairly compact pattern of points from the lower left to the upper right indicates a positive correlation, in which one variable increases as the other increases . A compact pattern from the upper left to lower right indicates a negative or inverse correlation, in which one variable decreases as the other increases.

Can you see the change in the total number of deaths between the two years?

With the stacked bar chart, you can easily see the change in the total number of deaths between the two years; however, it is difficult to see the values of each cause of death. On the other hand, with the grouped bar chart, you can more easily see the changes by cause of death.

What is epidemiology in health?

Many definitions have been proposed, but the following definition captures the underlying principles and public health spirit of epidemiology: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems ( 1 ).

What is epidemiology distribution?

Distribution. Epidemiology is concerned with the frequency and pattern of health events in a population: Frequency refers not only to the number of health events such as the number of cases of meningitis or diabetes in a population, but also to the relationship of that number to the size of the population.

How do epidemiologists and health care providers differ?

Although epidemiologists and direct health-care providers (clinicians) are both concerned with occurrence and control of disease, they differ greatly in how they view “the patient.” The clinician is concerned about the health of an individual; the epidemiologist is concerned about the collective health of the people in a community or population. In other words, the clinician’s “patient” is the individual; the epidemiologist’s “patient” is the community. Therefore, the clinician and the epidemiologist have different responsibilities when faced with a person with illness. For example, when a patient with diarrheal disease presents, both are interested in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, while the clinician usually focuses on treating and caring for the individual, the epidemiologist focuses on identifying the exposure or source that caused the illness; the number of other persons who may have been similarly exposed; the potential for further spread in the community; and interventions to prevent additional cases or recurrences.

What are the behaviors that epidemiologists look for?

Then epidemiologists began to look at behaviors related to health and well-being, such as amount of exercise and seat belt use. Now, with the recent explosion in molecular methods, epidemiologists can make important strides in examining genetic markers of disease risk.

What is the definition of determinants in epidemiology?

Determinant: any factor, whether event, characteristic, or other definable entity, that brings about a change in a health condition or other defined characteristic. Epidemiology is also used to search for determinants, which are the causes and other factors that influence the occurrence of disease and other health-related events.

What are the 5 W's of epidemiology?

The difference is that epidemiologists tend to use synonyms for the 5 W’s: diagnosis or health event (what), person (who), place (where), time (when), and causes, risk factors, and modes of transmission (why/how). The word epidemiology comes from the Greek words epi, meaning on or upon, demos, meaning people, and logos, meaning the study of.

What were the epidemiologic methods developed in the 20th century?

By the middle of the 20th Century, additional epidemiologic methods had been developed and applied to chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child health, occupational health, and environmental health.

Why is epidemiology important?

Epidemiological research helps us to understand how many people have a disease or disorder, if those numbers are changing, and how the disorder affects our society and our economy. The epidemiology of human communication is a rewarding and challenging field.

What is the burden of disease?

Burden of disease: The total significance of disease for society, beyond the immediate cost of treatment. It is measured in years of life lost to ill health, or the difference between total life expectancy and disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALY). (Adapted from the World Health Organization. (link is external)

What factors should be taken into account when calculating the cost of illness?

Ideally, the cost of illness would also take into account factors that are more difficult to measure, such as work-related costs, educational costs, the cost of support services required by the medical condition, and the amount individuals would pay to avoid health risks.

What is the agent of infectious disease?

The agent is the cause of the disease. When studying the epidemiology of most infectious diseases, the agent is a microbe —an organism too small to be seen with the naked eye. Disease-causing microbes are bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa (a type of parasite). They are what most people call “germs.” Bacteria: Bacteria are single-celled organisms. Bacteria have the tools to reproduce themselves, by themselves. They are larger than viruses (but still much too small to be seen with the naked eye). They are filled with fluid and may have threadlike structures to move themselves, like a tail.

How many episodes of chickenpox are there in a lifetime?

Most people who get the disease are under age 15, but anyone who has not had the disease is susceptible. A person usually only has one episode of chickenpox in a lifetime.

How is chickenpox transmitted?

It is transmitted from an infected person through coughs or sneezes and from contact with the fluid in the chickenpox blisters. It is very contagious. Once a case has occurred in a group—such as a classroom—it is very hard to prevent an outbreak unless people are immunized. In North America, chickenpox outbreaks are most common at the end of winter and the start of spring, periods of moderate temperature when viruses thrive.