what is an international standard for a high speed connection oriented cell switching technology

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What does intelligent optical switching mean for transport networks?

This will occur with intelligent optical switching. The term "intelligent" refers to the addition of protocols for automatic connection control. We are used to having packet networks, especially IP networks, behave intelligently. Now transport networks are catching up and bringing their own set of value-added features.

What is the oldest packet switching protocol still in use today?

X.25 was the initial protocol of choice and is the oldest packet switching technology still in use worldwide. Where an analog connection requires a modem, what does an integrated services digital network (ISDN) connection require to attach a non-ISDN device to an ISDN network?

What is packet switching?

Packet switching involves dividing messages into packets and individually transmitting them across the network to their destination. Because the packets may take different paths to the destination, they can arrive at the switch at any time. Packets from different messages can be intermixed, and communication lines can be shared.

What is used for prioritization for Carrier Ethernet packets?

In a Carrier Ethernet, frames of a specific customer are buffered and switched together, and are shipped unchanged and unobserved from sender to receiver. For Carrier Ethernet, what is used instead of tagging packets for prioritization? Hierarchical Quality of Service (HQoS) is used for prioritization for Carrier Ethernet instead of tagging.

What is intelligent optical switching?

This will occur with intelligent optical switching. The term "intelligent" refers to the addition of protocols for automatic connection control.

What is packet switching?

Packet switching involves dividing messages into packets and individually transmitting them across the network to their destination.

What is the best way to transmit real time data?

In comparison, circuit switching is best for transmissions of real-time data such as voice and video, in which even the slightest delays can affect quality. Circuit switching applications require guaranteed bandwidth and low latency, and they use a dedicated bandwidth for the duration of the transmission.

What is SONET/SDH?

SONET/SDH is used as the underlying layer for higher-layer protocols, as in the case of IP over point-to-point protocol (PPP), which allows computers to connect to the network over a dial-up line.

Is IP the same as connectionless?

As a result, successive packets don't necessarily follow the same path or arrive in the order in which they were sent. IP is an example of connectionless packet transport. With IP, each packet is routed independently, so carriers must offer "best effort" delivery to their customers.

What is asynchronous transfer mode?

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) can be used as the underlying technology for Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), and other high-speed networks. Plus, ATM can run on any media including coax, twisted-pair, or fiber-optic. ATM is a connection-oriented protocol that can work with either permanent virtual ...

What is a virtual channel?

Virtual channels consist of one or more physical ATM links connected in a series for transmitting data between remote stations. A VC exists only while data is being transmitted on it, and all cells in a given ATM transmission follow the same VC to ensure reliable data transmission.