Types of Leaf Arrangements
- Alternate Leaf Arrangement. In an alternate leaf arrangement, there is one leaf per plant node, and they alternate sides. ...
- Opposite Leaf Arrangement. On these trees and shrubs with opposite arrangement, two leaves arise from the same node on opposite sides of the stem.
- Whorled Leaf Arrangement. ...
What are the different types of leaf arrangement?
There are four major classifications into which all others fit:
- Entire Leaf: The margin is even and smooth around the entire leaf edge. ...
- Toothed or Serrated Leaf: The margin has a series of toothlike pointed teeth around the entire leaf edge. ...
- Lobed Leaf: The margin has an indention or indentions that go less than halfway to the leaf midrib or midline. ...
What is an alternate leaf arrangement?
What is an alternate leaf arrangement? alternate definition. alternate – an arrangement of leaves (or buds) on a stem (or twig) in which the leaves emerge from the stem one at a time. This often makes the leaves appear to alternate on the stem. compare with opposite.
What are some examples of alternate leaves?
Examples of trees with alternate leaves include oak trees, sycamore, mulberry, birch, hickory, and willow. ... Some examples of trees with lobed leaves include oak trees and maple trees. You will see in pictures the differences between the types of lobes these leaves have. Maple trees have pointed lobes, whereas white oak tree leaves have a ...
What is the opposite of a leaf?
Antonyms for leaf through include pore over, scrutinize and scrutinise. Find more opposite words at wordhippo.com!
What are the arrangements of leaf?
Leaf Arrangement (Phyllotaxy) Three different leaf arrangements: Alternate (one leaf per node), opposite (two leaves per node) and whorled (three or more leaves per node). A node is the place where one or more leaves are attached along the stem. The area between the nodes is called the internode.
What are three types of leaf arrangements?
Leaves may be either caulescent (on obvious stems) or acaulescent (with no obvious stems). Flowering plants have three basic types of arrangements: alternate spiral; opposite; and whorled or verticillate.
What is an example of alternate leaf arrangement?
single genus, Quisqualis (family Combretaceae), alternate leaves are borne on the stem, and opposite leaves are borne on the flowering shoots. In Eucalyptus, young branches have opposite leaves, whereas the leaf arrangement on older branches is alternate.
What is opposite and superimposed arrangements?
Opposite superposed is a type of phyllotaxy in which successive pairs of leaves are present just above each other, in such a way that all leaves appears to be present in one plane, overlapping one another.
What is opposite arrangement?
With an opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves arise from the stem at the same level (at the same node), on opposite sides of the stem. An opposite leaf pair can be thought of as a whorl of two leaves. With an alternate (spiral) pattern, each leaf arises at a different point (node) on the stem.
What is opposite phyllotaxy?
Thus, the correct answer is 'Calotropis. '
What are the 4 types of leaf arrangements?
The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as phyllotaxy; leaves can be classified as either alternate, spiral, opposite, or whorled. Plants with alternate and spiral leaf arrangements have only one leaf per node. In an opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves connect at a node.
What trees have alternate leaf arrangement?
In alternate leaf arrangement, there is one leaf per plant node. Examples of trees and plants with this leaf arrangement include blackberry, black walnut, sweetgum, smoke bush, ninebark, and Japanese zelkova. Note that plants with alternate and spiral leaf arrangements have only one leaf per node.
What trees have alternate leaves?
Alternate leaves on stems grow in a staggered pattern and they look like each leaf grows in between the leaves on the opposite side. This means that each plant node only has one leaf growing from it. Examples of trees with alternate leaves include oak trees, sycamore, mulberry, birch, hickory, and willow.
What is the pattern of leaves called?
VENATION. Venation: The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called the venation pattern.
What are the different types of leaves?
Types of LeavesAcicular type: They are needle-shaped.Linear Type: They are long and relatively broader as compared to other leaves.Lanceolate Type: They are lance-shaped.Oblong Type: They are rectangular in their shape and structure.Reniform type: They refer to the leaves with the shape of kidneys.More items...
What is the leaf arrangements of water Leaf?
Waterleaf is an erect perennial herb species with swollen roots and obtuse-angular, hairless, and succulent stems, which can grow to 3–10 feet in height (Aja et al. 2010). Stem branches have two lateral and basal buds. The leaves are arranged spirally and more clustered at the top of the stem.
What are the 2 types of leaves?
Based on the leaf lamina, there are two main categories of leaves: simple and compound. Simple and compound leaves are divided into several groups according to their size, form, placement on the stem, whether they are on flowering or non-flowering plants, and various other physical characteristics.
Structure of a Typical Leaf
Each leaf has a leaf blade called the lamina, which is also the widest part of the leaf. Some leaves are attached to the stem by petiole, while others do not have petiole and are directly attached to the plant are called the sessile leaves. Leaves also have stipules, which are small green appendages found at the base of the petiole.
Opposite Leaf Arrangement
The opposite leaf arrangement is when a plant has two leaves growing out of the same node. The two leaves are on either side of each other, and there is no space in between the leaves.
Whorled Leaf Arrangement
A whorled or verticillate arrangement is a plant with three or more leaves growing out of each node. In this pattern, there are several leaves coming from one spot on the plant stem. In some cases, it may look like a circle of leaves growing from a single spot on the stem.
Rosette Leaf Arrangement
Rosettes are often referred to as basal rosettes because they are found at the base of the plant, around the stem. The basal leaf arrangement occurs when one central leaf emerges from the ground to form a circular shape. Examples of rosettes occur in acaulescent plants, such as common dandelions in the sunflower or aster family.
Perfoliate Leaf Arrangement
In this arrangement, the stem is completely wrapped or buried around its support. Leaves of this type are arranged in a circle with their bases adhering to the petiole and the blade expanding away from the plant center. A good example of perfoliate leaf arrangement is found in Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white wake-robin.
Distichous Leaf Arrangement
In this type, the leaves are arranged in two opposite rows on either side of a stem. In other words, they grow along two opposite sides of the shoot axis at right angles to each other. Distichous leaf arrangement is common in monocotyledons, especially grasses and sedges groups.
Basal Leaf Arrangement
All the leaves arise from the base of the plant. Perennial plants are trimmed back to new basal foliage once in a while, which leads them to grow new leaves that can be located at the base. Perennials with basal leaf arrangement include harebell, whorled stonecrop, yarrow, and oxeye daisy.
What are leaves called when they are arranged like a deck of cards?
Leaves growing close to the ground, around an upright stem, whether alternate or opposite, are called basal. Leaves arranged like an upright deck of cards are called two-ranked, or distichous [dis-ti-kus]. ...
How do you know if leaves are singularly or paired?
Leaves nearly always appear singularly or paired. There’s nothing unusual about that, but the mathematics behind those arrangements may surprise you.#N#Take a look at a stem or flower from above. You will almost always see distinct patterns in the way the leaves and stems are organized. These patterns are called phyllotactic spirals. Very often, Fibonacci numbers and the Golden Mean (or Golden Angle) are involved. Fibonacci numbers are a big part of nature and architecture. You can get a simple explanation at the bottom of my post on garden design.
How many gyres are in a leaf cycle?
Now, the number of steps taken for a leaf arrangement to work its way around a stem, before repeating the pattern, is called its gyres. A three leaf cycle of rotation has one gyre, while a five leaf cycle takes 2 gyres. The number of gyres ends up being the numerator in the Fibonacci number that describes the rotation!
What is a whorl in a tree?
Closer inspection will show that it is not a true spiral. When there are three or more alternate leaves growing in a true spiral, it is called a whorl. Whorls generally only occur in plants with very short internodes. Note: Trees almost never have a whorled leaf arrangement, white pine being the exception.
What is the name of the plant with basal leaves?
When basal leaves are arranged in a whorl, it is called a rosette . Dandelion leaves are an example of rosette growth. Whorled leaves growing higher on a stem, in contrast, are said to be cauline.
How many rotations do hazel leaves need?
For example, hazel leaves are arranged in 1/3 ( or 120°) rotations, apricots use 2/5 rotations, sunflowers and pears use 3/8, and almonds use 5/13.
Do flower buds have scales?
Note that only leaf buds have scales; flower buds do not . Where leaves emerge, along a stem, is determined by plant hormones, called auxins. Leaf arrangement. At the most basic level, leaves emerge from a stem either individually or in pairs.
Structure of a Typical Leaf
Each leaf has a leaf blade called the lamina, which is also the widest part of the leaf. Some leaves are attached to the stem by petiole, while others do not have petiole and are directly attached to the plant are called the sessile leaves. Leaves also have stipules, which are small green appendages found at the base of the petiole.
Opposite Leaf Arrangement
The opposite leaf arrangement is when a plant has two leaves growing out of the same node. The two leaves are on either side of each other, and there is no space in between the leaves.
Whorled Leaf Arrangement
A whorled or verticillate arrangement is a plant with three or more leaves growing out of each node. In this pattern, there are several leaves coming from one spot on the plant stem. In some cases, it may look like a circle of leaves growing from a single spot on the stem.
Rosette Leaf Arrangement
Rosettes are often referred to as basal rosettes because they are found at the base of the plant, around the stem. The basal leaf arrangement occurs when one central leaf emerges from the ground to form a circular shape. Examples of rosettes occur in acaulescent plants, such as common dandelions in the sunflower or aster family.
Perfoliate Leaf Arrangement
In this arrangement, the stem is completely wrapped or buried around its support. Leaves of this type are arranged in a circle with their bases adhering to the petiole and the blade expanding away from the plant center. A good example of perfoliate leaf arrangement is found in Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white wake-robin.
Distichous Leaf Arrangement
In this type, the leaves are arranged in two opposite rows on either side of a stem. In other words, they grow along two opposite sides of the shoot axis at right angles to each other. Distichous leaf arrangement is common in monocotyledons, especially grasses and sedges groups.
Basal Leaf Arrangement
All the leaves arise from the base of the plant. Perennial plants are trimmed back to new basal foliage once in a while, which leads them to grow new leaves that can be located at the base. Perennials with basal leaf arrangement include harebell, whorled stonecrop, yarrow, and oxeye daisy.
What are the parts of a leaf?
Leaves are generally composed of a few main parts: the blade and the petiole.
How many leaves emerge per node in alternate leaf arrangement?
In alternate leaf arrangement, one leaf emerges per node, giving the appearance of alternating leaves.
What are the stipules of hibiscus?
Figure 13.1. 7: Stipules of Hibiscus. Each leaf on this plant has two long, flat, green projections at the base. These are the stipules, adapted for photosynthesis (flat and green). Image by Nadiatalent, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
What is the diagram of a node?
Figure 13.1. 1: A diagram of a node. Each node is comprised of a leaf (on the bottom) and an axillary bud (on the top, located in the axil where the petiole meets the stem). Diagram by Nikki Harris, CC-BY 4.0 with labels added.
What is the leaf of an eudicot called?
The leaf blade is (usually) the flat, photosynthetic part of the blade. In eudicots, the leaf will have a central midvein (also called the midrib), with smaller veins branching off from there. This type of vein organization is called netted venation. The edge of the blade is the margin.
What are the leaves of a banana plant?
Figure 13.1. 11: Leaves may be simple or compound. In simple leaves, the lamina is continuous. The (a) banana plant (Musa sp.) has simple leaves. In compound leaves, the lamina is separated into leaflets. Compound leaves may be palmate or pinnate. In (b) palmately compound leaves, such as those of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), the leaflets branch from the petiole. In (c) pinnately compound leaves, the leaflets branch from the midrib, as on a scrub hickory (Carya floridana). The (d) honey locust has double compound leaves, in which leaflets branch from the veins. (credit a: modification of work by "BazzaDaRambler"/Flickr; credit b: modification of work by Roberto Verzo; credit c: modification of work by Eric Dion; credit d: modification of work by Valerie Lykes).
What does a compound leaf look like?
A compound leaf looks like a branch with leaves emerging from it. However, these leaves are not accompanied by axillary buds (i.e. they do not emerge from a node). This branch is in fact a compound leaf composed of leaflets. Though there are no buds at the base of the leaflets, there will be a bud at the base of the compound leaf's petiole.
What are the three types of leaf arrangements?
There are three basic types of leaf arrangements found in trees and shrubs: alternate, opposite, and whorled. In an alternate leaf arrangement, there is one leaf per plant node, and they alternate sides. Black walnut ( Juglans nigra ).
How many leaves are in an alternate leaf arrangement?
In an alternate leaf arrangement, there is one leaf per plant node, and they alternate sides.
What is a rosette plant?
Rosettes often referred to as basal rosettes, occur in acaulescent plants, such as the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) in the sunflower/aster family (Asteraceae). Acaulescent plants do have a stem, but the internodes are greatly contracted, and the leaves have an alternate spiral arrangement.
What is the opposite leaf of a barberry?
Barberry ( Berberis thunbergii) Black walnut ( Juglans nigra ). The black walnut may appear to have an opposite leaf arrangement, but it has compound leaves. The opposite leaflets form the entire true leaf, which alternates on the stem. Japanese zelkova ( Zelkova serrata)
How are leaves arranged?
Leaves are arranged in two vertical rows on opposite sides of the stem alternating every 180 degrees. Distichous leaf or botanical element (flowers, seeds) arrangements are a form of alternate leaf arrangement.
What is a sub-opposite arrangement?
Olive trees ( Olea spp.) Viburnums ( Viburnum spp.) A sub-opposite arrangement is a condition in which the leaves are not spaced far enough apart to be considered alternate nor are they perfectly opposite one another. 02 of 05.
Where do the leaves come from in a perennial plant?
All the leaves arise from the base (crown) of the plant. Many perennial plants are trimmed back to new basal foliage once the older foliage starts to look tired and worn. Examples of perennials that send up new basal growth later in the growing season are Geranium, Polemonium, and Pulmonaria. 04 of 05.
Which tree has opposite leaves?
Devilwood, Genus Osmanthus (p. 388) – one native species [all other genera in the Olive family also have opposite leaves] Desert-willow, Genus Chilopsis (p. 389) – one native species with opposite or whorled leaves [related to Catalpas, other genera in the Trumpet Creeper family also have opposite leaves]
What is the importance of opposite leaves in tree identification?
In the past, tree identification guides have emphasized the presence of opposite leaves as one of the most important field marks. In the Sibley Guide to Trees I used a more holistic approach, like modern bird identification, giving equal weight to all parts of the tree. A tree might catch your attention because of its flowers, twigs, bark, fruit, ...
What is it called when leaves grow in pairs?
Leaves that grow in pairs from opposite sides of the twig at the same level are called opposite . If three or more leaves all grow from the same level on the twig they are called whorled.
How many species of dogwoods have opposite leaves?
Dogwoods, Genus Cornus (p. 355-358) – three (out of four) native and one introduced species have opposite leaves [Dove Tree, in the same family, does not]
What is the name of the paper mulberry?
Paper Mulberry, Genus Brousonettia (p. 248) – one introduced species [other genera in the Mulberry family do not have opposite leaves]
Which species of Eucalyptus has alternate leaves?
Katsura, Genus Cercidophyllum (p. 101) – one introduced species [the only species in its family] Eucalyptus, Genus Eucalyptus (p 109) – three introduced species have juvenile foliage opposite, but adult foliage alternate [Crape-myrtle, in the same family, has alternate leaves]
Do twigs have zigzag leaves?
Also note that twigs with alternate leaves tend to grow in a zigzag pattern, while trees with opposite leaves generally have straighter twigs.