What is primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)?
1 Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare lung disorder that causes high blood pressure in the lungs. 2 The cause of PPH is unknown. 3 Symptoms of PPH can develop so slowly that you can have PPH for years without knowing it. And symptoms get worse as the disease progresses. 4 There is no cure for PPH. Treatment is aimed at managing symptoms.
What is antepartum hemorrhage (APH)?
Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24+0 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. RCOG Guidelines 4. APH complicates 3–5% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of perinatal and maternal mortality worldwide.
What is the framework for management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?
The framework for management of PPH includes women with PPH immediately post-birth to 12 weeks postpartum following pregnancy of > 24 weeks' gestation. The figure depicts the KQs within the context of the PICOTS described in the document.
What is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?
The most common etiology of PPH is uterine atony (impaired uterine contraction after birth), which occurs in about 80 percent of cases.
What is meant by PPH?
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is severe vaginal bleeding after childbirth. It's a serious condition that can lead to death. Other signs of postpartum hemorrhage are dizziness, feeling faint and blurred vision.
What is APH and symptoms?
Symptoms of antepartum haemorrhage (APH) consist of vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy and before delivery. Along with vaginal bleeding other symptoms may be- (a) In APH due to placenta previa, vaginal bleeding is painless, or bleeding occurs after sexual intercourse.
What causes APH in pregnancy?
An antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is bleeding from the vagina that occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and before the birth of your baby. The common causes of bleeding during pregnancy are cervical ectropion, vaginal infection, placental edge bleed, placenta praevia or placental abruption.
Does APH cause PPH?
The commonest cause of PPH was uterine atony followed by coagulation failure. Crane et al.16 reported the incidence of PPH in APH to be 19 %. In this study 75% of patients required blood transfusion.
What are the causes of PPH?
What causes postpartum hemorrhage?Placental abruption. The early detachment of the placenta from the uterus.Placenta previa. The placenta covers or is near the cervical opening.Overdistended uterus. ... Multiple pregnancy. ... Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. ... Having many previous births.Prolonged labor.Infection.More items...
How do you treat APH?
In general, the patient's usual chronic medications should be continued. In the patient who has APH due to placenta previa, magnesium sulfate may be used as a tocolytic to allow the administration of betamethasone to mature the fetal lung and to allow the obstetrician to better time delivery.
What are the risk factors of APH?
These risk factors include previous APH, previous cesarean section, advanced maternal age (age greater than 35), urban/rural residence, previous termination of pregnancy (curettage), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), multi-parity, and multiple pregnancy.
What steroids are given in APH?
Choice of steroid Common corticosteroids include dexamethasone and betamethasone. Dexamethasone is often recommend over the latter due to its increased efficacy and safety, wide availability, and low cost, while betamethasone is better at preventing the softening of the brain in premature fetuses.
What is the difference between antepartum and postpartum?
Our multidisciplinary team provides expert, compassionate, and comprehensive antepartum (pre-delivery) and postpartum (after delivery) care.
What is secondary PPH?
Secondary PPH is generally defined as any significant uterine bleeding occurring between 24 hours and 12 weeks postpartum [1,2]. However, definitions vary (eg, between 48 hours and 6 weeks postpartum). Literature review current through: May 2022.
Aph and pph
1. Dr. Maryam Al –Jaber Consultant, Family Medicine March, 2015 Dr. Omnia Darweesh Resident, Family Medicine
Editor's Notes
Velamentous cord insertion is an abnormal condition during pregnancy. Normally, the umbilical cord inserts into the middle of the placenta as it develops.
Why is pulmonary hypertension genetic?
Researchers believe this gene mutation makes the blood vessels more sensitive to certain factors and they constrict, or narrow, when exposed to these factors.
What is the name of the condition where blood pressure is high?
Primary pulmonary hypertension ( PPH) is high blood pressure in the lungs. It’s a rare lung disorder in which the blood vessels in the lungs narrow and the pressure in the pulmonary artery rises far above normal levels. The pulmonary arteries carry blood from your body to the lungs where carbon dioxide is traded for oxygen.
How long can you have pulmonary hypertension without knowing it?
The following are the most common symptoms for primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Symptoms can develop so slowly that you can have it for years without knowing it. However, each person may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
What is the only test that directly measures the pressure inside the pulmonary arteries?
This is the only test that directly measures the pressure inside the pulmonary arteries. Blood tests .
Is there a cure for PPH?
Symptoms of PPH can develop so slowly that you can have PPH for years without knowing it. And symptoms get worse as the disease progresses. There is no cure for PPH.
Is PPH a disease?
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is rarely discovered in a routine medical exam. In its later stages, the signs of the disease can be confused with other conditions affecting the heart and lungs. PPH may be diagnosed when other diseases are ruled out. Tests may include:
