What is apical and basal? The basal side of the cell is the side that faces the basement membrane, i.e. the connective tissue layer the cell lives on. The apical side is the side that faces the opposite direction, usually towards the lumen (inside) of a tube.
What tissue always has an apical and a basal surface?
There is an exposed edge of epithelial tissue known as the apical surface and an anchoring layer called the basal surface that attaches the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue. The attachment to connective tissue is known as the basement membrane and is composed of proteins. Epithelial tissues are nearly completely avascular.
What is apical akinesis and distal anteroseptal hpokinesis?
Akinesia means lack of movement or contraction of a region of the heart muscle. Dyskinesia means an abnormal movement – instead of contracting in systole, that segment of myocardium bulges out in systole. Hypokinesia means reduced movement or contraction of a segment of the heart muscle. Another term which is sometimes used is hyperkinesia, meaning increased contraction of heart muscle.
What does apical lung scar means?
- Shortness of breath
- Tightness in the chest
- General pain in the chest that often happens after even mild physical exertion
What is an apical region?
apical region. the tip of a root or shoot in a plant where growth in length takes place by activity of the APICAL MERISTEM. What does basolateral mean? Medical Definition of basolateral : situated below and toward the side : located in or on the base and one or more sides Epithelia permit selective and regulated flux from apical to basolateral surfaces …—
What does apical and basal mean?
The bottom edge of the epithelial tissue next to the basement membrane is the basal surface. In contrast, the edge of the epithelial tissue facing the lumen or the external environment is called the apical surface.
What is the difference between apical and basal cells?
The apical faces external environment or lumen of a tube where it is often involved in absorption or secretion. The basal mediates attachment to underlying tissue or surface via integrins.
What is apical and basal polarity?
Apicobasal polarity is a type of cell polarity specific to epithelial cells, referring to a specialised apical membrane facing the outside of the body or lumen of internal cavities, and a specialised basolateral membrane localised at the opposite side, away from the lumen.
What is the apical and basal surface of the skin?
The apical surface faces the lumen (inside of a hollow organ) while the basal or basolateral surface is adjacent to the underlying tissue. In many epithelia, the apical surface is specialized.
What is apical cell?
An apical cell is a cell that divides repeatedly to form new cells. An apical cell has a front face and up to three rear faces. All cell division takes place along the rear faces and never along the front face.
What is a basal membrane?
The basement membrane, or basal lamina, is a sheet of proteins and other substances to which epithelial cells adhere and that forms a barrier between tissues.
What is basal polarity?
Apico-basal polarity is a cardinal molecular feature of adult eukaryotic epithelial cells and appears to be involved in several key cellular processes including polarized cell migration and maintenance of tissue architecture.
What is the apical membrane?
The apical plasma membrane is defined as the region of the plasma membrane located. at the apex of the epithelial cell that is separated, in vertebrates, from the basal-lateral. region by a ring of tight junctions.
What is the apical domain?
Collectively, the apical domain ensures its differential distribution between daughter cells during 8-to-16-cell divisions and plays an essential role for TE and ICM lineage segregation.
What are basal epithelial cells?
Basal cells are located in the lower parts of the epithelium directly above the basement membrane. These cells are usually configured like a pyramid, with the basement membrane on the bottom and the top pointing to the surface of the epithelium.
Where is the apical surface of the epithelial cell?
The apical surface of epithelial tissue refers to the outward facing side of the tissue made up of the apical side of the epithelial cells.
Is basal surface and basement membrane the same?
The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits. It is often incorrectly referred to as the basement membrane, though it does constitute a portion of the basement membrane.
What is the basal body?
The basal body is a replicate of the cell centriole having a similar structure; 9 triplets of microtubules (9×3=27 microtubules) from which the shaft arises, there is a basal body for each cilium and basal bodies are present in the apical cytoplasm under the cell membrane.
Where are stereocilia located?
Stereocilia are long, branching microvilli found mainly in the non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the male genital ducts e.g. the epididymis, and they increase the surface area for fluid absorption. Cilia and flagella: these are generally-motile cytoplasmic projections that extend from the cell surface.
How do epithelial cells connect to each other?
Epithelial cells can connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form the epithelial sheets that line the cavities & surfaces throughout the animal body.
Where are microvilli found?
they increase the surface area for fluid absorption, they are present mainly in the absorptive columnar cells of the intestine and kidney tubules. ...
