What does BDI stand for?
Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961).
What is the BDI-II model of depression?
Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patient’s own thoughts. We typically use the BDI-II.
What is an example of BDI?
The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Each question has a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. For example: (0) I do not feel sad. (1) I feel sad. (2) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it.
What is the internal consistency of the BDI?
Internal consistency for the BDI ranges from .73 to .92 with a mean of .86. (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988). Similar reliabilities have been found for the 13-item short form (Groth-Marnat, 1990).
What do BDI scores mean?
Scoring/Interpretation: Each answer is scored on a scale value of 0-3. Measures of 0–9 indicates that a person is not depressed, 10–18 indicates mild-moderate depression, 19–29 indicates moderate-severe depression and 30–63 indicates severe depression.
What is BDI used for?
The BDI has been widely used as an assessment instrument in gauging the intensity of depression in patients who meet clinical diagnostic criteria for depressive syndromes.
What is a good BDI score?
Cut-off score guidelines for the BDI-II are given with the recommendation that thresholds be adjusted based on the characteristics of the sample, and the purpose for use of the BDI-II. Total score of 0–13 is considered minimal range, 14–19 is mild, 20–28 is moderate, and 29–63 is severe.
What type of assessment is the BDI?
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is widely used to screen for depression and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
How is the BDI administered?
The Beck Depression Inventory can be self-scored and administered from a person's home or in a clinical setting. In the 21-item, multiple choice questionnaire, a person is asked to rate 21 symptoms and attitudes of depression on a scale of zero to three to best reflect their level of intensity.
How effective is the Beck Depression Inventory?
Validity and Reliability Beck's study reported a coefficient alpha rating of . 92 for outpatients and . 93 for college student samples. The BDI-II positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, r = 0.71, had a one-week test–retest reliability of r = 0.93 and an internal consistency α=.
Is BDI quantitative or qualitative?
Beck depression inventories (BDI-II) and Beck anxiety inventories (BAI) provided quantitative data and were administered before and three months after the intervention.
Is the BDI a diagnostic tool?
Clinicians are advised to use the BDI-II to gauge severity of depression and measure clinical changes to depressive symptomology over time but to be mindful of the limitations of the BDI-II as a diagnostic tool for adult inpatients.
Is clinical depression the same as MDD?
Clinical depression is the more-severe form of depression, also known as major depression or major depressive disorder. It isn't the same as depression caused by a loss, such as the death of a loved one, or a medical condition, such as a thyroid disorder.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Beck Depression Inventory?
The major critiques of the BDI-II can be categorized in the following groups: lack of specificity, sensitivity to minor mood fluctuations, and demand characteristics that confound results. One of the greatest strengths of the BDI-II is also its greatest weakness: it is sensitive to slight changes in response patterns.
What assessment is used for depression?
The PHQ-9 can be used to plan and monitor treatment for depression in primary care.
When do you use the Beck Anxiety Inventory?
The test is designed for self-report in individuals aged 17 and up. The BAI has been found to discriminate well between anxious and nonanxious diagnostic groups and, as a result, is useful as a screening measure for anxiety.
Why was the BDI important?
The development of the BDI was an important event in psychiatry and psychology; it represented a shift in health care professionals' view of depression from a Freudian, psychodynamic perspective, to one guided by the patient's own thoughts or "cognitions". It also established the principle that instead of attempting to develop a psychometric tool based on a possibly invalid theory, self-report questionnaires when analysed using techniques such as factor analysis can suggest theoretical constructs.
What is BDI II?
BDI-II. The BDI-II was a 1996 revision of the BDI, developed in response to the American Psychiatric Association's publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, which changed many of the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder.
What is Beck Depression Inventory?
Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression. Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from ...
What is Beck's triad?
Beck developed a triad of negative cognitions about the world, the future, and the self, which play a major role in depression. An example of the triad in action taken from Brown (1995) is the case of a student obtaining poor exam results:
What is negative cognition?
Beck drew attention to the importance of "negative cognitions" described as sustained, inaccurate, and often intrusive negative thoughts about the self. In his view, it was the case that these cognitions caused depression, rather than being generated by depression.
What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
The view of depression as sustained by intrusive negative cognitions has had particular application in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which aims to challenge and neutralize them through techniques such as cognitive restructuring .
When was the BDI first published?
There are three versions of the BDI—the original BDI, first published in 1961 and later revised in 1978 as the BDI-1A, and the BDI-II, published in 1996. The BDI is widely used as an assessment tool by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. The BDI was used as a model for the development of the Children's Depression ...
Development and history
Historically, depression was described in psychodynamic terms as "inverted hostility against the self". By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time; by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or severity of a given symptom.
Two-factor approach to depression
Depression can be thought of as having two components: the affective component (e.g. mood) and the physical or "somatic" component (e.g. loss of appetite). The BDI-II reflects this and can be separated into two subscales. The purpose of the subscales is to help determine the primary cause of a patient's depression.
Impact
The development of the BDA was an important event in psychiatry and psychology; it represented a shift in health care professionals' view of depression from a Freudian, psychodynamic perspective, to one guided by the patient's own thoughts or "cognitions".
Limitations
The BDI suffers from the same problems as other self-report inventories, in that scores can be easily exaggerated or minimized by the person completing them. Like all questionnaires, the way the instrument is administered can have an effect on the final score.
Further reading
Beck A.T. (1988). "Beck Hopelessness Scale." The Psychological Corporation.
What is the BDI test?
The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity.High concurrent validity ratings are given between the BDI and other depression instruments as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Scale; 0.77 correlation rating was calculated when compared with inventory and psychiatric ratings.The BDI has also showed high construct validity with the medical symptoms it measures.Beck’s study reported a coefficient alpha rating of .92 for outpatients and .93 for college student samples. The BDI-II positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, r = 0.71, had a one-week test–retest reliability of r = 0.93 and an internal consistency α=.91.
What is Beck Depression Inventory?
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a commonly used instrument for quantifying levels of depression. The scale for the BDI was originally created by patients’ descriptions of their symptoms – mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, suicidal ideas, crying, irritability, social withdrawal, insomnia, fatigue, appetite, weight loss, self-accusation. In the first portion of the test, psychological symptoms are assessed whereas the second portion assesses physical symptoms.
How many questions are in a Bdi?
The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Each question has a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. For example:
What is the Beck Depression Inventory?
Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression.
Overview
Impact
The development of the BDI was an important event in psychiatry and psychology; it represented a shift in health care professionals' view of depression from a Freudian, psychodynamic perspective, to one guided by the patient's own thoughts or "cognitions". It also established the principle that instead of attempting to develop a psychometric tool based on a possibly invalid theory, self-report questionnaires when analysed using techniques such as factor analysis can suggest theor…
Development and history
According to Beck's publisher, 'When Beck began studying depression in the 1950s, the prevailing psychoanalytic theory attributed the syndrome to inverted hostility against the self.' By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time; by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and then using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or severity of a given symptom.
Limitations
The BDI suffers from the same problems as other self-report inventories, in that scores can be easily exaggerated or minimized by the person completing them. Like all questionnaires, the way the instrument is administered can have an effect on the final score. If a patient is asked to fill out the form in front of other people in a clinical environment, for instance, social expectations have been shown to elicit a different response compared to administration via a postal survey.
See also
• Beck Anxiety Inventory
• Beck Hopelessness Scale
• Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry
• Major Depression Inventory
Notes
1. ^ Beck AT (1972). Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1032-8.
2. ^ Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
3. ^ McGraw Hill Publishing Company "Test developer profile: Aaron T. Beck". Retrieved on 2009-02-24 Aaron T. Beck, M.D. at the Wayback Machine (arch…
1. ^ Beck AT (1972). Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1032-8.
2. ^ Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
3. ^ McGraw Hill Publishing Company "Test developer profile: Aaron T. Beck". Retrieved on 2009-02-24 Aaron T. Beck, M.D. at the Wayback Machine (archived 2009-03-17)
Further reading
• Beck A.T. (1988). "Beck Hopelessness Scale." The Psychological Corporation.
• Craven J, Rodin G, Littlefield C (1988). "The Beck Depression Inventory as a screening device for major depression in renal dialysis patients". Int J Psychiatry Med. 18 (4): 365–374. doi:10.2190/M1TX-V1EJ-E43L-RKLF. PMID 3235282. S2CID 8031319.
External links
• A list of psychiatric rating scales for depression from Neurotransmitter.net
• Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Test Online