Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine ( Jasminum ), and fruits like pear, apple, etc. Industrially benzyl acetate is used as a medium of extraction in extraction of plastics, resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, oils and lacquers.
Why is an acetate ion more stable than acetic acid?
Why acetate ion is more stable than acetic acid? For acetic acid, however, there is a key difference: a resonance contributor can be drawn in which the negative charge is localized on the second oxygen of the group. The acetate ion is that much more stable than the ethoxide ion, all due to the effects of resonance delocalization. What is the kb value of acetate?
Is ethyl acetate toxic if on skin?
immediately or shortly after exposure to Ethyl Acetate: * Ethyl Acetate can irritate the skin, eyes, nose and throat. * Exposure to high levels can cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded, and to pass out. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Ethyl Acetate and can last for
What ester is produced from benzyl alcohol and acetic acid?
Zeolite HX catalyzed esterification of acetic acid to achieve 58.78% of conversion with increasing the concentrations of benzyl alcohol enhanced the conversion. The acetic acid esterification follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism with the conversion improved by prolonging the reaction time and increasing the amount of catalyst used in the system.
Why is benzyl alcohol insoluble in water?
Why is benzyl alcohol insoluble in water? Benzyl alcohol is prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride in the presence of soda ash. Benzyl alcohol has properties of strong polarity and limited water solubility. Is benzyl alcohol a disinfectant?
Where can benzyl acetate be found?
Benzyl acetate is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Tanacetum parthenium, and other organisms with data available.
What is the common name of benzyl acetate?
benzyl ethanoateBenzyl acetate, also known as benzyl ethanoate or fema 2135, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyloxycarbonyls. These are organic compounds containing a carbonyl group substituted with a benzyloxyl group. Benzyl acetate is a sweet, apple, and apricot tasting compound.
What is benzyl acetate?
While benzyl acetate is mainly used in flavor and fragrance industry, benzyl alcohol is widely used as solvent for inks, paints, coatings, and as intermediate in chemical industry.
What alcohol makes benzyl acetate?
Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH 3C(O)OCH 2C 6H 5. It is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
What are the uses of benzyl acetate?
It has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine. Consequently, it is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for its aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors. Benzyl acetate is also used as a solvent in plastics and resin, cellulose acetate, nitrate, oils, lacquers, polishes and inks.
Is benzyl acetate toxic?
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. The vapour is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL could cause unconsciousness.
Is benzyl acetate a carcinogen?
Overall evaluation. Benzyl acetate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
Where does benzyl alcohol come from?
Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas. It is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang. It is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers. Benzyl esters also occur naturally.
Which acetate is used in perfume and food Flavouring?
Isoamyl acetateIsoamyl acetate has a very strong and distinctive scent, and is used to create both banana and pear flavourings.
Is banana oil an ester?
Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an organic compound that is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid....Isoamyl acetate.NamesOther names Isopentyl acetate Isopentyl ethanoate Isoamyl acetate Banana oil Pear essenceIdentifiersCAS Number123-92-23D model (JSmol)Interactive image49 more rows
What is the use of benzyl alcohol?
Benzyl alcohol lotion is used to treat head lice (small insects that attach themselves to the skin) in adults and children 6 months of age and older. It should not be used in children less than 6 months of age. Benzyl alcohol is in a class of medications called pediculicides.
Is benzyl alcohol a solvent?
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
Is benzyl a benzoate?
Benzyl benzoate is a benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia. It has a role as a scabicide, an acaricide and a plant metabolite. It is a benzyl ester and a benzoate ester.
Is benzyl acetate an ester?
Benzyl acetate is a flavouring agent Benzyl acetate is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O2. It is the ester formed by condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid.
What is the formula of benzyl alcohol?
C7H8OBenzyl alcohol / FormulaBenzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH.
What is the chemical formula of vinegar?
CH₃COOHAcetic acid / Formula
Where is acyltransferase expressed?
The corresponding putative acyltransferase gene was found to be expressed primarily in petal limbs, with a circadian rhythm profile correlating well with floral volatile emission (i.e., highest amount of transcripts were observed at night). Additionally, RNAi-induced gene silencing led to a decrease in accumulation and emission of isoeugenol ( 6) (along with decreases in levels of 2-phenylethanol ( 296 ), phenylacetaldehyde ( 298 ), phenylethyl acetate ( 299 ), phenylethyl benzoate ( 300), and benzyl acetate (301 )), as well as an approximately sevenfold increase in the amounts of coniferyl aldehyde ( 262 ). These effects, however, encompass several different pathways.
What is acyltransferase?
Acyltransferases (EC2.3.1.xx) Volatile esters are produced by virtually all soft fruit species during ripening and impart distinct characteristics to their flavour. They are formed by the reaction between alcohols and acyl CoAs derived from fatty acid, amino acid, phenylpropanoid and benzoate metabolism.
What are the three categories of wine esters?
9.3.5 Esters. Wine esters are normally grouped into three categories: acetate esters (based on acetic acid and higher alcohols) and two ethyl ester subgroups (based on ethanol and volatile fatty acids and non-volatile organic acids, respectively).
Can plastidial terpene synthase utilize FPP?
Although we did not introduce a sesquiterpene synthase in the plastid, additional sesquiterpenes were observed in the transgenic lines. We therefore assume there is a plastidial terpene synthase that can utilize FPP. In tomato, the plastidial MTS1 (TPS5) normally synthesizes the monoterpene ( R )-linalool from GPP. However, in vitro experiments showed that MTS1 can utilize FPP resulting in the production of ( E )-nerolidol ( van Schie et al., 2007 ), providing an explanation for the production of ( E )-nerolidol in the transgenic plants with FPS targeted to the plastid. The drastic depletion of monoterpene synthesis in the transgenic plants remains unexplained.
Does petunia have benzoyl esters?
However, petunia also accumulates and emits benzoyl esters and phenylethanol derivatives. Using RNAi for the so-called PhCAAT, their levels were also adversely affected as noted above. Surprisingly, benzoyl-CoA and other potential substrates were apparently not tested with the petunia PhCAAT that is now implicated in allyl-/propenylphenol biosynthesis. Nor were other putative substrates, such as p -coumaroyl- and feruloyl-CoAs examined either. Alternate acyl donors were apparently also not tested during the preliminary characterization of the basil acyltransferase.
Where does benzyl acetate come from?
Benzyl acetate occurs in a number of plants, particularly jasmine. Benzyl acetate's production and use in artificial jasmine and other perfumes, as a flavoring, as a solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates benzyl acetate is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the estimated half-life for this reaction in air is 2.5 days. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 280 suggests that benzyl acetate is expected to have moderate mobility. Volatilization from wet soil surfaces may be important based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation is expected to be an important process in both soil and water. Benzyl acetate reached 92 to 96% of its theoretical BOD over a period of 4 weeks. If released into water, the estimated Koc suggests that some adsorption of benzyl acetate to suspended solids and sediment in the water column is expected. Volatilization from water surfaces may be an important fate process given this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low based on this compound's estimated BCF of 18. An estimated hydrolysis half-life of 38 days at pH 7 suggests that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process. Occupational exposure to benzyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzyl acetate is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to benzyl acetate via ingestion of food, and inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing benzyl acetate. (SRC)
What is benzyl acetate?
Benzyl acetate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient. Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants incl benzyl acetate may be safely used in foods.
How long does it take for benzyl acetate to reach its theoretical BOD?
Benzyl acetate reached 92 to 96% of its theoretical BOD over a period of 4 weeks using an activated sludge seed and an initial chemical concentration of 100 mg/l (1).
How long does benzyl acetate react with hydroxyl radicals?
Vapor-phase benzyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the estimated half-life for this reaction in air is 2.5 days. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 280 suggests that benzyl acetate is expected to have moderate mobility.
What is the rate constant of benzyl acetate?
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzyl acetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule- sec at 25 °C (SRC) using a structure estimation method (1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (1,SRC). A hydrolysis half-life of 38 days at 25 °C and pH 7 was calculated for benzyl acetate from an estimated pseudo-first-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.1X10-7/s (2). The UV spectrum of benzyl acetate in methanol indicates no absorption above 290 nm, suggesting this compound is not expected to directly photolyze (3). Photolysis of benzyl acetate in t-butanol with 1.3 mol/l acetone added as a sensitizer at 300 nm produced (quantum yields) t-butyl benzyl ether (<0.01) and bibenzyl (<0.01) (4). The rate constant for the reaction of benzyl acetate with peroxy radicals in water at 30 °C was determined to be 2.3 L/mol s (5). This value corresponds to an estimated half-life of 9.6 years (SRC) at an aqueous peroxy radical concentration of 1X10-9 mol/l (6).
How long does it take for benzyl acetate to be absorbed?
Benzyl acetate was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rats and mice, with approximately 90% of the administered dose recovered as various metabolites in the urine within 24 hr. ... This capacity for absorption, metabolism, and disposition was unaffected by the amount or number of doses administered.
Is benzoyl acetate an ester?
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with acids, bases and reducing agents. (NTP, 1992)
Which position does benzyl acetate undergo photohomolysis?
Benzyl acetates lacking π-electron-donating groups in the 3 or 5 position, on the other hand, undergo a photohomolysis reaction leading to radical-derived products.
Where is acyltransferase expressed?
The corresponding putative acyltransferase gene was found to be expressed primarily in petal limbs, with a circadian rhythm profile correlating well with floral volatile emission (i.e., highest amount of transcripts were observed at night). Additionally, RNAi-induced gene silencing led to a decrease in accumulation and emission of isoeugenol ( 6) (along with decreases in levels of 2-phenylethanol ( 296 ), phenylacetaldehyde ( 298 ), phenylethyl acetate ( 299 ), phenylethyl benzoate ( 300), and benzyl acetate (301 )), as well as an approximately sevenfold increase in the amounts of coniferyl aldehyde ( 262 ). These effects, however, encompass several different pathways.
What are aldehydes in beer?
Most aldehydes found in alcoholic beverages are produced during fermentation (e.g., acetaldehyde), processing (e.g., furfural), or extraction from oak cooperage (e.g., cinnamaldehyde and vanillin). Acetaldehyde is usually considered an off-odor above threshold values (herbaceous). Examples of ketones derived from the raw material are the norisoprenoid ketones, β-damascenone (exotic flower or rose), and α-ionone. Various ketones are also produced during fermentation. They usually have no sensory significance, with the major exception being diacetyl (2,3-butanedione). It imparts buttery, nutty, or toasty flavors at low levels (< 5 mg l − 1 ). Diacetyl is a key aroma compound in beer, where it is slowly converted by yeast to derivatives of lower sensory significance during maturation at very low temperatures (~ 0 °C). This process, known as ‘diacetyl rest,’ is a time-consuming and energy-demanding process for breweries ( Figure 4 ).
How long does it take for terpenes to be absorbed?
After intravenous injection of a mixture of terpenes, the initial phase (absorption into the tissues) lasted 3–4 minutes, and the secondary phase (elimination) 60–65 minutes ( Kleinschmidt et al 1985 ). Transdermal or inhalational absorption of α-pinene was followed by an initial phase with a half-life of five minutes, and a secondary phase with a half-life of 26 to 38 minutes. Following inhalation, a third and longer phase was determined with an elimination half-life of 695 minutes ( Falk et al 1990 ). Coumarin is rapidly and extensively absorbed from the skin of both humans and rats, and is readily distributed and excreted. Peak plasma concentrations were achieved at, or before, one hour after application of 0.2 mg/cm 2 to the skin, and mean plasma half-lives were 1.7 hours and 5 hours, respectively ( Ford et al 2001 ). The elimination half-lives of some essential oil constituents are shown in Table 4.8.
Does petunia have benzoyl esters?
However, petunia also accumulates and emits benzoyl esters and phenylethanol derivatives. Using RNAi for the so-called PhCAAT, their levels were also adversely affected as noted above. Surprisingly, benzoyl-CoA and other potential substrates were apparently not tested with the petunia PhCAAT that is now implicated in allyl-/propenylphenol biosynthesis. Nor were other putative substrates, such as p -coumaroyl- and feruloyl-CoAs examined either. Alternate acyl donors were apparently also not tested during the preliminary characterization of the basil acyltransferase.
Can plastidial terpene synthase utilize FPP?
Although we did not introduce a sesquiterpene synthase in the plastid, additional sesquiterpenes were observed in the transgenic lines. We therefore assume there is a plastidial terpene synthase that can utilize FPP. In tomato, the plastidial MTS1 (TPS5) normally synthesizes the monoterpene ( R )-linalool from GPP. However, in vitro experiments showed that MTS1 can utilize FPP resulting in the production of ( E )-nerolidol ( van Schie et al., 2007 ), providing an explanation for the production of ( E )-nerolidol in the transgenic plants with FPS targeted to the plastid. The drastic depletion of monoterpene synthesis in the transgenic plants remains unexplained.
Is LtCAAT1 an acyltransferase?
By contrast, an in vitro biochemical characterization of an acyltransferase from L. tridentata (LtCAAT1, having ∼71/57% amino acid similarity/identity to PhCAAT) is currently in progress in our laboratory, and indicates that both acetyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA can also serve as acyl donors with all the monolignols tested (S.-J. Kim, unpublished results); that is, LtCAAT1 apparently forms, at least in vitro, different classes of monolignol esters. Additionally, the acyltransferases appear to efficiently process different monolignols as acyl acceptors, for example, p -coumaryl ( 199 ), caffeyl ( 270 ), coniferyl ( 91 ), 5-hydroxyconiferyl ( 271 ), and sinapyl ( 94) alcohols. Given the observed substrate versatilities being noted, it is thus considered that the depiction of a ‘true’ in vivo substrate (e.g., coniferyl alcohol ( 91) and acetyl-CoA) lacks experimental rigor.
Where is Benzyl Alcohol found?
Benzyl alcohol is found in over-the-counter medications, topical creams, lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers as an antibacterial, preservative, and/or fungicide. Benzyl alcohol is found in many naturally occurring plant products such as Balsam of Peru and is also a component of essential oils such as hyacinth, jasmine, and ylang ylang oils.
How can you avoid contact with Benzyl Alcohol?
Avoid products that list any of the following names in the ingredients:
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