What is branching and why bother with it?
Why bother with branching? Branching allows teams of developers to easily collaborate inside of one central code base. When a developer creates a branch, the version control system creates a copy of the code base at that point in time. Changes to the branch don't affect other developers on the team.
What are the applications of the branching process theory?
Branching processes can also be used to model other systems with similar dynamics, e.g., the spread of surnames in genealogy or the propagation of neutrons in a nuclear reactor . A central question in the theory of branching processes is the probability of ultimate extinction, where no individuals exist after some finite number of generations.
What is release branching in Linux?
Release branching. Release branching refers to the idea that a release is contained entirely within a branch. This means that late in the development cycle, the release manager will create a branch from the master (e.g., “1.1 development branch”).
What is the function of branching morphogenesis during embryonic development?
Branching morphogenesis is a key development process, occurring during embryonic development, responsible to define the architecture of several organs and tissues, including the nervous system, the respiratory system, lung, kidney, and several internal glands—mammary and salivary glands and vasculature [147,148]. J. Caldeira, ...
Why bother with branching?
Changes to the branch don't affect other developers on the team. This is a good thing, obviously, because features under development can create instability, which would be highly disruptive if all work was happening on the main code line . But branches need not live in solitary confinement. Developers can easily pull down changes from other developers to collaborate on features and ensure their private branch doesn’t diverge too far from the main.
What is release branching?
Release branching refers to the idea that a release is contained entirely within a branch. This means that late in the development cycle, the release manager will create a branch from the main (e.g., “1.1 development branch”). All changes for the 1.1 release need to be applied twice: once to the 1.1 branch and then to the main code line. Working with two branches is extra work for the team and it's easy to forget to merge to both branches. Release branches can be unwieldy and hard to manage as many people are working on the same branch. We’ve all felt the pain of having to merge many different changes on one single branch. If you must do a release branch, create the branch as close to the actual release as possible.
Why is release branching important?
Release branching is an important part of supporting versioned software out in the market. A single product may have several release branches (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 2.0) to support sustaining development. Keep in mind that changes in earlier versions (i.e., 1.1) may need to be merged to later release branches (i.e., 1.2, 2.0). Check out our webinar below to learn more about managing release branches with Git.
Why are branches important in a project?
Branches aren't just good for feature work. Branches can insulate the team from important architectural changes like updating frameworks, common libraries, etc.
What is branch in version control?
Depending on your version control system, the main branch may be called mainline, default, or trunk. Developers can create their own branches from the main code line and work independently alongside it.
Do changes to a branch affect other developers?
Changes to the branch don't affect other developers on the team. This is a good thing, obviously, because features under development can create instability, which would be highly disruptive if all work was happening on the main code line. But branches need not live in solitary confinement.
Can release branches be unwieldy?
Release branches can be unwieldy and hard to manage as many people are working on the same branch. We’ve all felt the pain of having to merge many different changes on one single branch. If you must do a release branch, create the branch as close to the actual release as possible. Warning:
What is branching process?
In probability theory, a branching process is a type of mathematical object known as a stochastic process, which consists of collections of random variables. The random variables of a stochastic process are indexed by the natural numbers. The original purpose of branching processes was to serve as a mathematical model of a population in which each ...
What is the most common formulation of a branching process?
The most common formulation of a branching process is that of the Galton–Watson process. Let Zn denote the state in period n (often interpreted as the size of generation n ), and let Xn,i be a random variable denoting the number of direct successors of member i in period n, where Xn,i are independent and identically distributed random variables over all n ∈ { 0, 1, 2, ...} and i ∈ {1, ..., Zn }. Then the recurrence equation is
What is the law of large numbers for multitype branching processes?
For multitype branching processes that the populations of different types grow exponentially, the proportions of different types converge almost surely to a constant vector under some mild conditions. This is the strong law of large numbers for multitype branching processes.
What are the three classes of size dependent branching processes?
Athreya identifies the three classes of size-dependent branching processes as sub-critical, stable, and super-critical branching measures. For Athreya, the central parameters are crucial to control if sub-critical and super-critical unstable branching is to be avoided. Size dependent branching processes are also discussed under the topic of resource-dependent branching process
What is the parameter of a branching process called?
In theoretical ecology, the parameter μ of a branching process is called the basic reproductive rate .
What is the value to which the extinction probability converges with increasing generations?
In this example, we can solve algebraically that d = 1/3, and this is the value to which the extinction probability converges with increasing generations.
What is the fixed point of the population expectation?
This fixed point is just the vector that the proportions converge to in the law of large numbers.
Why is branching morphogenesis important?
Overall, branching morphogenesis is important not only to the growth of the pancreas as an organ, but also to the generation of the proper number of endocrine, duct, and acinar progenitors that will eventually populate the pancreas as mature cells. For example, mice lacking Hnf6 in a global or tissue-specific fashion show reduced branching in ...
Which two factors drive the budding involved in branching morphogenesis?
The mesenchyme has an influence on two of the critical factors that drive the budding involved in branching morphogenesis: focal cell proliferation and epithelial cell shape changes.
What is the role of transcription factors in morphogenesis?
The onecut domain-containing transcription factor Hnf6 is expressed broadly in the developing endoderm and plays a crucial role in liver and pancreas development. Deletion of Hnf6 within the Pdx1- expressing domain results in, among other profound changes, decreased pancreatic branching at e14.5 in the mouse and a subsequent hypoplastic pancreas. Expression of the proendocrine factor Ngn3 is also important to branching morphology, as mice null for Ngn3 show significant reductions in branching as well as dilated ductal structures and stunted growth. As mentioned above, branching morphogenesis is also dependent on the expression of FGF ligands and receptors. Furthermore, animals globally lacking the ephrin receptors B2 and B3 ( EphB2 and EphB3, respectively), which are normally expressed in the pancreatic epithelium, show reduced pancreas size and decreased number and size of lateral pancreatic branches, suggesting that ephrin signaling is important to overall pancreatic growth as well as establishment of appropriate numbers of branches. Overall, branching morphogenesis is important not only to the growth of the pancreas as an organ, but also to the generation of the proper number of endocrine, duct, and acinar progenitors that will eventually populate the pancreas as mature cells. For example, mice lacking Hnf6 in a global or tissue-specific fashion show reduced branching in addition to decreased number of Ngn3 + cells and reduced α- and β-cells at late gestation.
Why do you need a branching strategy?
The short answer: Too many branches will leave you with a tangled mess.
Why is the master branch cluttered?
The master branch can become cluttered more easily since it functions as both the production and development branch. Release preparation and bug fixes both happen in this branch—and require extra attentiveness.
Why is GIT branching important?
Many teams find that the increased visibility of this GIT branching strategy gives them added flexibility since it becomes easier to jump between parts of the development pipeline (say, between a feature for a later release and the urgent priorities of the current release).
What is master branch?
The master branch is your production-ready code; you’ll ultimately merge all code branches into master in order to deploy it.
What is the upside of DIY branching?
The major upside to a DIY branching strategy: You can go nuts! It’s easy to build a branch structure that makes sense for your unique situation and vision.
Is branching a tactical decision?
Before you flip a coin to decide what approach to take, understand that the way you structure your branches isn’t a tactical decision. It’s very much a strategic decision—one that affects not only your coding workflows, but also core development issues like feature prioritization, bug fixes, and release management.
Is there a right answer to GIT branching?
There’s no one right answer when it comes to these GIT branching strategies that’s right for you, but we’ll break down the pros and cons of these two major branching strategies and give you our take on whether one will perform better for you or not.
What Are the Causes of Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion?
So, what are the causes of retinal artery branch occlusion? The simple answer is any condition that decreases perfusion (passage of fluid) in a branch retinal artery. This is usually due to emboli, which are seen in over 60 percent of cases.
What is the cause of BRAO?
Idiopathic – a syndrome that involves recurrent bouts of multiple branch retinal artery obstructions in otherwise healthy people. Posterior uveitis has also been known to cause BRAO. It refers to inflammation in the back part of the uvea.
What is a brao?
Branch retinal artery occlusion, or BRAO, is a common disorder of a branch of the central retinal artery that leads to ischemia in the retina. While some people with branch retinal artery occlusion don’t experience symptoms, others do. There are a number of different causes of BRAO.
What are the risk factors for BRAO?
There are risk factors associated with BRAO. They include conditions that promote vascular narrowings, such as hypertension, carotid occlusive disease or atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and hypercholesterolemia.
Is branch retinal artery occlusion considered embolic?
Branch retinal artery occlusion related to embolic causes are rare in people under the age of 30. Cases that involve a person younger than 30 tend to be non-embolic. Embolic means that there is a lodging of a blood clot, fat globule, gas, air, or foreign material that can cause a blockage inside a blood vessel.
Can a BRAO be treated?
If you have been diagnosed, BRAO treatment includes regular visits with your ophthalmologist. In about 90 percent of patients, the cause can be identified, and proper branch retinal artery occlusion management can begin. The cause is managed either medically or surgically. Controlling risk factors may also have an impact on reducing the risk of BRAO symptoms.
What is loss in prediction?
Loss is the penalty for a bad prediction. That is, loss is a number indicating how bad the model's prediction was on a single example. If the model's prediction is perfect, the loss is zero; otherwise, the loss is greater. The goal of training a model is to find a set of weights and biases that have low loss, on average, across all examples.
Is MSE a loss function?
Although MSE is commonly-used in machine learning, it is neither the only practical loss function nor the best loss function for all circumstances.
