What is the most common type of gingivitis?
The most prevalent type of gingiva (gum)l disease in childhood is known as chronic marginal gingivitis or puberty gingivitis. The inflammation is very similar to adult gingivitis with a few differences. Puberty gingivitis is a very common finding in adolescence and is generally ignored.
What is localized marginal gingivitis?
Localized marginal gingivitis (confined to one or more areas of the marginal gingiva). Localized diffuse gingivitis (extends from the margin to the mucobuccal fold but in a limited area). Localized papillary gingivitis (confined to one or more interdental spaces in a limited area).
What is chronic gingivitis and what are the symptoms?
Chronic Gingivitis develops when gingivitis is longstanding and is not treated suitably. When the initial symptoms of gum inflammation are ignored, the condition progresses to manifest symptoms such as receding gums, easy bleeding during brushing teeth, and foul-smelling breath
What is gingivitis and how is it treated?
Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gingiva, the part of your gum around the base of your teeth. It's important to take gingivitis seriously and treat it promptly.
What causes chronic marginal gingivitis?
The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene that encourages plaque to form on teeth, causing inflammation of the surrounding gum tissues. Here's how plaque can lead to gingivitis: Plaque forms on your teeth.
How is marginal gingivitis treated?
The treatment of marginal gingivitis is basically to remove all the accumulations of food debris so that the intensity of the bacterial attack is reduced.
Can chronic gingivitis be cured?
Gingivitis usually clears up after a thorough professional cleaning — as long as you continue good oral hygiene at home. Your dentist will help you plan an effective at-home program and a schedule of regular professional checkups and cleaning.
What is the difference between acute and chronic gingivitis?
There are two forms of gingivitis: chronic and acute. Chronic gingivitis comes from the biofilm (plaque) that covers the teeth and causes inflammation. Acute gingivitis usually comes from specific infections or trauma to the gums.
What kills gingivitis?
Steps To Treat Gingivitis At HomeUse Antibacterial Toothpaste. It can help fight plaque all day and night, long after you've completed your oral hygiene routine. ... Brush your teeth more effectively. Make sure you brush for 2 minutes, 2 times every day. ... Use an Antibacterial Mouthwash. ... Floss daily.
How long before gingivitis becomes serious?
Over time, untreated gingivitis can develop into periodontitis. So, how long does it take for gum disease to develop? One study found that if you're starting from level 1 gingivitis, it takes an average of 66.8 weeks, which is a little over 15 months, to develop into periodontitis.
Which medicine is best for chronic gingivitis?
Chlorhexidine (marketed as the prescription-only brands Peridex, PerioChip, PerioGard, and by numerous other over-the-counter trade names) is an antimicrobial used to control plaque and gingivitis in the mouth or in periodontal pockets.
What happens if you have gingivitis for years?
Long-term risk of untreated periodontal disease Untreated gingivitis will progress into periodontitis, which is a more severe stage of gum disease. The infection and pockets deepen while eating away at your jaw until your teeth become loose and fall out.
What is the fastest way to cure gingivitis?
How to Cure GingivitisBrush Your Teeth Twice a Day. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to gently brush around each tooth. ... Floss Your Teeth Once a Day. Plaque loves to hide in between teeth where toothbrush bristles can't reach. ... Use a Fluoride Mouth Rinse. ... Don't Skip Dental Appointments. ... Avoid Sugary Foods and Beverages.
Can gingivitis be cancerous?
Is There a Link Between the Two? Oral cancer does not start with signs of gingivitis. There is no relationship between the two.
What antibiotics treat gingivitis?
The most common antibiotics used for gum infections are tetracyclines (like minocycline or doxycycline), amoxicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. Because of side effects and the risk of producing drug-resistant bacteria, most are only used for severe gum infections.
What are the four stages of gingivitis?
Thus, here's a clear idea of the 4 stages of gum disease that might help you spot it before it gets worse:1: Gingivitis. The first stage of gum disease is Gingivitis or gums inflammation, without loss of bone. ... Stage 2: Initial Periodontitis. ... Stage 3: Mild Periodontitis. ... Stage 4: Progressive Periodontitis.
What is the fastest way to cure gingivitis?
How to Cure GingivitisBrush Your Teeth Twice a Day. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to gently brush around each tooth. ... Floss Your Teeth Once a Day. Plaque loves to hide in between teeth where toothbrush bristles can't reach. ... Use a Fluoride Mouth Rinse. ... Don't Skip Dental Appointments. ... Avoid Sugary Foods and Beverages.
How do dentists fix gingivitis?
Your dentist or periodontist will thoroughly clean your teeth to remove harmful bacteria, plaque and tartar. Additional treatments include: Perform scaling and root planing: Scaling removes tartar and bacteria from teeth and from underneath your gums.
How is gingivitis treated medically?
Gingivitis treatment optionsLifestyle changes. ... Oral hygiene. ... Scaling and root planing (SRP) ... Medications. ... Toothpastes and mouth rinses. ... Topical antibiotics. ... Oral antibiotics. ... Brush your teeth.More items...•
Is Stage 1 gingivitis reversible?
Stage 1: Gingivitis Gingivitis results from a build-up of plaque around the teeth, causing swelling and redness in the gums, bleeding when brushing or flossing, and occasional bad breath. At this point, the infection is mild and has not attacked the tooth root or bones, which means it is reversible.
What is puberty gingivitis?
The inflammation is very similar to adult gingivitis with a few differences. Puberty gingivitis is a very common finding in adolescence and is generally ignored. It is believed that the periodontal diseases in adulthood are at least in part, precipitated by gum inflammation in the formative years of childhood and adolescence. The non-destructive or minor gum inflammation in childhood, without appropriate intervention, may progress in to the more significant periodontal diseases in adult life.
What is the best treatment for gingivitis?
Periodontal therapy is advisable, which includes scaling and root planning procedures. Mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine can be used to reduce the infection. Patients suffering from puberty gingivitis should maintain a strict protocol for good oral hygiene maintenance. gum.
What is the cause of periodontal disease?
The chronic periodontal disease caused by puberty gingivitis may include hyperplasia of gum tissues, increase in number and severity of periodontal pockets and chronic periodontitis at later stages of life.
Why is gingivitis so high in adolescence?
The high incidence of gingivitis in adolescence is believed to be caused due to elevated hormone levels in the individuals.
How to treat gingivitis in puberty?
Adolescents should spend more time in preventing the accumulation of dental plaque by practicing good oral hygiene. It is advisable to brush at least twice a day, using proper brushing techniques for three minutes at a time.
What causes inflammation in the gums?
The elevated hormone levels increase the response of the gingival tissues to the accumulated dental plaque, leading to inflammation and bleeding. Bacteria present in the dental plaque such as P.gingivalis, Bacteroids forsythus and A.actinomycetemcomitans are responsible for the inflammatory response form the gum tissue.
How to remove interdental plaque?
The interdental plaque should be removed using dental floss. Mouthwashes can be used as per the prescription of the dentist. In already developed cases of puberty gingivitis, it is best to control the condition as soon as it is noticed to avoid further periodontal problems from developing.
Why is gingivitis important?
It's important to take gingivitis seriously and treat it promptly. Gingivitis can lead to much more serious gum disease called periodontitis and tooth loss. The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene.
What happens if you put plaque on your teeth?
Plaque turns into tartar. Plaque that stays on your teeth can harden under your gumline into tartar (calculus), which collects bacteria. Tartar makes plaque more difficult to remove, creates a protective shield for bacteria and causes irritation along the gumline. You need professional dental cleaning to remove tartar.
What is the name of the disease that causes redness and swelling in the gums?
Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gingiva, the part of your gum around the base of your teeth. It's important to take gingivitis seriously and treat it promptly. Gingivitis can lead to much more serious gum disease called periodontitis ...
What causes gums to bleed?
Gingiva become inflamed (gingivitis). The longer that plaque and tartar remain on your teeth, the more they irritate the gingiva, the part of your gum around the base of your teeth, causing inflammation. In time, your gums become swollen and bleed easily. Tooth decay (dental caries) also may result.
What causes a red swollen gum?
Close. Gingivitis. Gingivitis. Gingivitis can cause dusky red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily, especially when you brush your teeth. Healthy gums are firm and pale pink and fitted tightly around the teeth. Signs and symptoms of gingivitis include: Swollen or puffy gums. Dusky red or dark red gums.
What is the name of the swollen gums that cause bleeding?
But more studies are needed to confirm a link. Trench mouth, also known as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), is a severe form of gingivitis that causes painful, infected, bleeding gums and ulcerations.
How do you know if you have gingivitis?
Signs and symptoms of gingivitis include: Swollen or puffy gums. Dusky red or dark red gums. Gums that bleed easily when you brush or floss. Bad breath. Receding gums. Tender gums.
What is gingivitis caused by?
What is Gingivitis? Gingivitis is the medical term for inflammation of the gums (gingiva), which is a mild form of gum disease, usually caused by a bacterial infection as a result of plaque formation. Gingivitis is both preventable and treatable. However, without the appropriate measures to prevent complications by treating the disease at ...
How long does it take for plaque to form after brushing?
Even after removal by brushing, plaque usually forms again within 24 hours. Plaque build-up can be avoided by brushing and flossing regularly.
What is the other name for gingivitis?
The other form of gingivitis is known as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), Vincent’s stomatitis, or trench mouth. It is rarely seen these days.
How many types of gingivitis are there?
Gingivitis may be of two types, depending upon the severity of the condition.
How to treat gingivitis?
Treatment of Gingivitis. The first step in the treatment of gingivitis is professional dental cleaning. This is done by a deep-cleaning method called scaling and root planing. The first part of the process, known as scaling, removes the accumulated plaque and tartar from the surface of the teeth.
Why does my gum hurt?
Gum injury due to any cause. This may include extremely vigorous brushing or flossing.
What happens if you have untreated gingivitis?
Untreated gingivitis can lead to : Difficulty in eating and swallowing. Pain. Periodontitis. Abscess formation. Loss of teeth. Osteomyelitis (rare) Infection of the mouth and face (rare complication of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis) Death (spread of infection from untreated ANUG)
Definition
Gingivitis describes inflammation limited to the soft tissues that surround the teeth ( gingiva ), without bone loss or loss of connective tissue attachment. Plaque-induced gingivitis occurs as a result of lack of proper oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of dental plaque and calculus.
Keywords
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References and Further Reading
Azarpazhooh, A., & Main, P. A. (2009). Efficacy of dental prophylaxis (rubber cup) for the prevention of caries and gingivitis: A systematic review. British Dental Journal, 207, E14. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar
How to diagnose gingivitis?
Dentists usually diagnose gingivitis based on: Review of your dental and medical history and conditions that may contribute to your symptoms. Examination of your teeth, gums, mouth and tongue for signs of plaque and inflammation. Measuring the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and your teeth by inserting a dental probe beside your tooth ...
How does gingivitis clear up?
Gingivitis usually clears up after a thorough professional cleaning — as long as you continue good oral hygiene at home. Your dentist will help you plan an effective at-home program and a schedule of regular professional checkups and cleaning.
What does it mean when your gums are deeper than 4mm?
Pockets deeper than 4 mm may indicate gum disease . Dental X-rays to check for bone loss in areas where your dentist sees deeper pockets. Other tests as needed. If it's not clear what has caused your gingivitis, your dentist may recommend that you get a medical evaluation to check for underlying health conditions.
What is the best way to clean between your teeth?
Supplement brushing and flossing with an interdental cleaner, such as a dental pick, interdental brush or dental stick special ly designed to clean between your teeth.
How deep is the pocket in your mouth?
In a healthy mouth, the pocket depth is usually between 1 and 3 millimeters (mm). Pockets deeper than 4 mm may indicate gum disease.
What is scaling and root planing?
Professional dental cleaning. Your initial professional cleaning will include removing all traces of plaque, tartar and bacterial products — a procedure known as scaling and root planing. Scaling removes tartar and bacteria from your tooth surfaces and beneath your gums.
How long does it take for gums to return to normal?
If you're consistent with your home oral hygiene, you should see the return of pink, healthy gum tissue within days or weeks.
What is the color of gingiva?
The color of the gingiva is determined by the vascular supply, degree of keratinization of the overlying epithelium and melanin pigmentation. The normal color of the gingiva is ‘coral pink’. During inflammation, the color of the gingiva becomes reddish pink to bluish pink, depending on the degree of vasodilation and engorgement of blood capillaries. As the gingivitis takes a chronic course, the color of the gingiva becomes ……Contents available in the book………. Contents available in the book………. Contents available in the book………. Contents available in the book………. Contents available in the book…….
What is the primary response to gingivitis?
The primary response to this is associated with the release of chemical mediators from junctional epithelium which causes recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells in that area. Now, various chemical mediators are secreted by immunocompetent cells during the host-bacterial interactions. The GCF has been used as an important source for the analysis of various enzymes and inflammatory mediators.
What is the mediator of inflammation?
Another important mediator of inflammation is PGE2. It is the product of arachidonic acid metabolism. As it is one of the important mediators of inflammation, investigations have been done to evaluate its role in periodontal tissue destruction during inflammation. Various studies have confirmed that GCF PGE2 levels are elevated in periodontitis as compared to gingivitis 42-44. PGE2 is detected in higher levels in inflamed gingival tissue and GCF, proportional to the severity of periodontal disease 45-47. Some investigations suggested that the GCF PGE2 levels are substantially higher in certain high-risk patients, such as refractory periodontitis, early-onset periodontitis or diabetic patients 48. These investigations have led us to investigate the genetic aspect of periodontal diseases.
Why is my gingivitis red?
Acute gingivitis may result due to heat burns, chemical injuries, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), or herpetic gingivostomatitis. In heat or chemical induced injuries, gingival redness appears in the localized area, where the insult has taken place. In NUG, the gingival margins have a bright red erythematous appearance. However, in severe acute inflammation, the red color may gradually become dull and whitish gray, which is caused due to tissue necrosis. The necrosed area can be demarcated from the adjacent gingiva by a thin, sharply defined erythematous zone. In herpetic gingivostomatitis, there is diffused redness of the gingiva.
What changes in the contour of the gingiva?
The contour of the gingiva changes in various clinical conditions. In acute or chronic inflammation, the gingival margins may be rolled or rounded. In the gingival enlargement, the interdental papillae may become bulbous. In necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, papillae may be cratered.
What are the clinical features of gingivitis?
The clinical features of gingivitis are a result of histological changes in the tissue due to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. The initial events in gingivitis are caused due to changes in the gingival vasculature, specifically increased blood flow through dilated capillaries.
When was gingivitis first studied?
The development of gingivitis has been extensively studied in animal 10 and human models 11, 12, 14. In 1976, Page and Schroeder 10 published the classical histological studies on the progressive “natural history” of experimental periodontal disease lesions in dogs. The dogs which were first given meticulous oral hygiene, were subsequently placed on soft foods (non-cleansing) and deprived of any oral hygiene. Their work described four types of lesions representative of stages of disease:
Overview
Symptoms
- Healthy gums are firm and pale pink and fitted tightly around the teeth. Signs and symptoms of gingivitis include: 1. Swollen or puffy gums 2. Dusky red or dark red gums 3. Gums that bleed easily when you brush or floss 4. Bad breath 5. Receding gums 6. Tender gums
Causes
- The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene that encourages plaque to form on teeth, causing inflammation of the surrounding gum tissues. Here's how plaque can lead to gingivitis: 1. Plaque forms on your teeth.Plaque is an invisible, sticky film composed mainly of bacteria that forms on your teeth when starches and sugars in food interact with bacteria norma…
Risk Factors
- Gingivitis is common, and anyone can develop it. Factors that can increase your risk of gingivitis include: 1. Poor oral care habits 2. Smoking or chewing tobacco 3. Older age 4. Dry mouth 5. Poor nutrition, including vitamin C deficiency 6. Dental restorations that don't fit properly or crooked teeth that are difficult to clean 7. Conditions that decrease immunity such as leukemia, HIV/AID…
Complications
- Untreated gingivitis can progress to gum disease that spreads to underlying tissue and bone (periodontitis), a much more serious condition that can lead to tooth loss. Chronic gingiva inflammation has been thought to be associated with some systemic diseases such as respiratory disease, diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke and rheumatoid arthritis. Some res…
Prevention
- Good oral hygiene.That means brushing your teeth for two minutes at least twice daily — in the morning and before going to bed — and flossing at least once a day. Better yet, brush after every meal...
- Regular dental visits.See your dentist or dental hygienist regularly for cleanings, usually every six to 12 months. If you have risk factors that increase your chance of developing periodontit…
- Good oral hygiene.That means brushing your teeth for two minutes at least twice daily — in the morning and before going to bed — and flossing at least once a day. Better yet, brush after every meal...
- Regular dental visits.See your dentist or dental hygienist regularly for cleanings, usually every six to 12 months. If you have risk factors that increase your chance of developing periodontitis —...
- Good health practices.Practices such as healthy eating and managing blood sugar if you have diabetes also are important to maintain gum health.
