Studies show that cinnamic acid may have other health benefits as well:
- May treat periodontitis. Periodontitis is inflammation of the gum tissue, and periodontal disease has been linked to diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, and reproductive systems. One rat study discovered that cinnamic acid reduced inflammation caused by periodontitis and promoted bone growth in the area ( 19, 20 ).
- Potential cancer therapy. ...
- May offer UV protection. ...
- May reduce the risk of dengue. ...
What is cinnamic acid used for in cosmetics?
Cinnamic acid also has industrial uses and is a common ingredient in cosmetic products, such as perfumes and skin creams, in which it’s used for its ultraviolet (UV) protection and anti-aging properties ( 1, 2, 4 ). Cinnamic acid is a naturally occurring compound found in many plants, including cinnamon bark.
Where does cinnamic acid come from?
Natural occurrence. It is obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. It is also found in shea butter. Cinnamic acid has a honey -like odor; it and its more volatile ethyl ester ( ethyl cinnamate) are flavor components in the essential oil of cinnamon, in which related cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent.
Is cinnamic acid safe to use?
Cinnamic acid when used in small quantities is safe to be used. If used in higher concentrations in cosmetic products, it may trigger allergic reactions and dermatitis inflammation of the skin in a few people. This is why cosmetic products either mention as required to be used in smaller doses or print safety warnings on the label.
Is cinnamic acid an antimicrobial agent?
Cinnamic acid (C9 H 8 O 2) is an organic acid isolated from cinnamon bark and generally used as a common food additive being antimicrobial against common postharvest pathogen such. As B. cinerea, P. expansum, and A. niger ( Sadeghi et al., 2013 ).
What are the properties of cinnamic acids?
The cinnamic acids [ (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid] and its four homologous derivatives such as p-hydroxy, p-hydroxymethoxy, p-hydroxydimethoxy, and dihydroxy are well known for their antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antimycobacterial properties. The cinnamic acids have higher levels of reactive oxygen scavenging activity.
What is the function of cinnamic acid hydroxylase?
The cinnamic acid hydroxylase catalyzes a vital step in plant secondary metabolism (Fig. 5) and is present throughout the plant kingdom. Recent data suggest the existence of two different classes of C4H in monocots (maize) and in dicots ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). 73 Genes encoding both classes within one species so far are only available in maize. 74
What are phenolic acids?
Phenolic acids are derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids and are present in all cereals. These acids exhibit high antioxidant activity in vitro and thus are beneficial for human health (Kamath et al., 2004 ). There are two classes of phenolic acids: hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids.
What is the source of hydroxycinnamic acid?
Cinnamic Acid. Cinnamic acid is the first molecule in the phenylpropanoid pathway and is the source of most hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives like coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids normally present in plant material in either ester or glycosidic forms. From: Improving the Health-Promoting Properties of Fruit and Vegetable Products, 2008.
Which acid has the highest reactive oxygen scavenging activity?
The cinnamic acids have higher levels of reactive oxygen scavenging activity. Reactive oxygen species can modify essentially biological molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA and it is consistent that rates of reactive oxygen species production are increased in most diseases.
Is cinnamic acid a sugar?
The cinnamic acids (Figure 1) are rarely present in uncombined forms, occurring primarily as esters of quinic acid, but may also be esterified to malic or tartaric acids, or sugars. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinicacid) ( Figure 2) is perhaps the most important cinnamic acid observed in fruits, contributing 25% of the dry weight of the bilberry ...
Does cinnamic acid kill gray mold?
As B. cinerea, P. expansum, and A. niger ( Sadeghi et al., 2013 ). It damages the integrity of plasma membrane of microorganism and induces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which were responsible for the reduction of the growth rate of B. cinerea ( Zhang et al., 2015 ). In addition, when cinnamic acid was tested on table grapes, it controlled gray mold in postharvest period by inhibiting the growth of pathogen and inducing resistance in the host ( Zhang et al., 2015 ).
What is a cinnamic acid?
Tuesday, September 12, 2017 by Rhonda Johansson. Cinnamic acid is an odorless white crystalline acid that has only been recently studied for its potential in cancer prevention.
Does cinnamic acid help with overall health?
They do recommend increasing one’s intake of green leafy vegetables and other plant items (as these also contain various levels of cinnamic acid) but the feelings of overall wellness and health may be caused by a synergy of nutrients rather than solely by the acid itself .
Does cinnamic acid slow down tumor growth?
Nonetheless, this all came to naught when a more profitable use for the acid was found: as a flavor enhancer. This continued until 2014 when scientists began re-exploring the possibility that cinnamic acid may slow down and lessen tumor growth . Research into this area, though, is limited and nothing can be conclusively stated regarding this supposed effect.
Is cinnamic acid a trans isomer?
The acid can exist as both trans and cis isomers; however it is the cis form that most people use today as it can be easily derived from a chemical reaction between benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride. The process in which this type of cinnamic acid is synthesized ensures that the compound is removed from all its impurities.
Does cinnamic acid help the immune system?
Due to its touted benefit on cancer prevention, it can be hypothesized that cinnamic acid supports the immune system as well.
What is cinnamic acid?
Cinnamic acid is a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of a myriad of natural products including lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose ), flavonoids, isoflavonoids , coumarins, aurones , stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids.
Where does cinnamon come from?
It is obtained from oil of cinnamon, or from balsams such as storax. It is also found in shea butter. Cinnamic acid has a honey -like odor; it and its more volatile ethyl ester ( ethyl cinnamate) are flavor components in the essential oil of cinnamon, in which related cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent.
How is cinnamate made?
Cinnamic acid was first synthesized by the base-catalysed condensation of acetyl chloride and benzaldehyde, followed by hydrolysis of the acid chloride product. In 1890, Rainer Ludwig Claisen described the synthesis of ethyl cinnamate via the reaction of ethyl acetate with benzaldehyde in the presence of sodium as base. Another way of preparing cinnamic acid is by the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The reactants for this are benzaldehyde and malonic acid in the presence of a weak base, followed by acid-catalyzed decarboxylation. It can also be prepared by oxidation of cinnamaldehyde, condensation of benzal chloride and sodium acetate (followed by acid hydrolysis), and the Perkin reaction. The oldest commercially used route to cinnamic acid involves the Perkin reaction, which is given in the following scheme
Where is cinnamaldehyde metabolized?
Cinnamic acid, obtained from autoxidation of cinnamaldehyde, is metabolized into sodium benzoate in the liver.
Is cinnamic acid a compound?
Chemical compound. Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH=CHCOOH. It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Classified as an unsaturated carboxylic acid, it occurs naturally in a number of plants.
What is clomiphenic acid used for?
In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used to synthesize the important drugs for treating coronary heart disease, lactamidine, and Xintongping, and to synthesize clomiphenic acid and cinnamophenazine to make "Xinan'an", Local anesthetics, bactericides, hemostatics, etc. It can also synthesize chloramphenicol and cinnamophenazine, which are used as spinal cone relaxants and antispasmodics. Mainly used for cerebral thrombosis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, coronary arteriosclerosis, and other diseases. It can significantly inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cinnamic acid is an effective inhibitor of A-5549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and has great application value in anti-cancer.
What is the name of the organic acid that is produced by the deamination of phenylalanine?
Cinnamic Acid is an organic acid isolated from the cinnamon peel or benzoin. Phenylacrylic acid produced by the deamination of phenylalanine in plants.
Is cinnamon acid a good spice?
Cinnamic acid itself is a kind of spice, which has a good aroma-preserving effect. It is usually used as a raw material for fragrant, which can make the aroma of the main spice more volatile. Cinnamon Series Fragrances can be used as fixatives for beverages, cold drinks, candy, wine, and other foods.
What is Cinnamic Acid?
Cinnamic acid is a compound present in many plants and common spices and is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. ( 1) Cinnamic acid is a protective compound found in ginseng, cinnamon bark, grains, honey and other foods.
Benefits of Cinnamic Acid
Poor gut results from bad bacteria in the gut and is associated with inflammatory conditions such as cancer, obesity and heart diseases. ( 4, 5) Cinnamic acid is known to promote the growth of good bacteria in the gut and suppress bad bacteria growth.
Side Effects of Cinnamic Acid
Cinnamic acid when used in small quantities is safe to be used. If used in higher concentrations in cosmetic products, it may trigger allergic reactions and dermatitis inflammation of the skin in a few people. This is why cosmetic products either mention as required to be used in smaller doses or print safety warnings on the label.
Food Sources of Cinnamic Acid
Cinnamic acid is naturally present in a variety of plants and spices. It can be obtained from cinnamon bark, fruits, ginseng, balsam tree sap, honey, whole grains, and vegetables. ( 18) It is not known to be available as a supplement.