What is cognitive information processing (CIP)?
Cognitive information processing (CIP) theory is often referred to as simply "information processing." Information processing is not really the name of a single theory; it is a generic name applied to various theoretical perspectives dealing with the sequence and execution of cognitive events.
What is CIP theory in Computer Science?
This theory uses the computer metaphor with its inputs and outputs. CIP theory focuses on what happens in between input and output, i.e., on information processing. Get familiar with Figure 1 and think deeply about the flow of information it represents. Pay attention not only to the basic components or memory stages:
What does CIP stand for?
A 20-Year Perspective of Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Theory. Presentation at the National Career Development Association Global Conference. TR 37: The Effect of a Workbook Intervention on College Student's Reframes of Negative Career Thoughts. #901 Carr. D. & Sampson, J. P., Jr. (2004, July).
What is the CIP approach to career development?
Through the CIP approach, individuals learn not only how to solve the immediate career problem and make an appropriate decision, but also how to generalize this experience to future career problems. In the 1970s, a line of inquiry emerged from the cognitive sciences that offered a new way of thinking about problem solving and decision making.
What is CIP theory?
Cognitive information processing (CIP) theory is often referred to as simply "information processing." Information processing is not really the name of a single theory; it is a generic name applied to various theoretical perspectives dealing with the sequence and execution of cognitive events. Schunk (1996) offers the following helpful summary/definition:
What is information processing theory?
Information processing theories focus on how people: attend to environmental events, encode information to be learned and relate it to knowledge in memory, store new knowledge in memory, and. retrieve it as needed. Thus, learners are viewed as active seekers and processors of information.
What is a CIP approach?
The CIP approach is intended to translate theory into practice to help individuals make appropriate current career choices, and learn improved problem-solving and decision-making skills needed for future choices. The CIP approach to career-service delivery includes a number of key elements that can be incorporated by any career center or career-service program as long as certain assumptions are met (multiple staff members, variety of available resources, etc.).
What is CIP in counseling?
The Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Approach to Career Development and Services is a theory of career problem solving and decision making that was developed through the joint efforts of a group of researchers at the Florida State University Career Center's Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development .
How long does it take to complete a CTI?
The CTI was designed to be quickly administered (most clients complete the 48 CTI items in 7 to 15 minutes) and scored (and scored in 5 to 8 minutes). As a result, the CTI can be used as part of a brief intake procedure or during an initial session. The CTI Workbook presents interpretive information for all four scales with text, metaphors, and illustrations that practitioners can use to facilitate interpretation of CTI results. The workbook also has several components that can be assigned as homework, such as cognitive restructuring of negative thoughts, developing an individual action plan for using career resources and services, and learning about the decision-making process. Finally, the CTI Test Booklet and the CTI Workbook are relatively inexpensive to purchase and the hand scoring feature eliminates scoring processing fees.
What are the factors of CTI?
The reliability (internal consistency, stability), validity (content, construct, convergent), and factor structure of the CTI have been well established. A number of empirical studies have been conducted and have found strong relationships in the expected directions between dysfunctional career thoughts various other constructs (vocational identity, certainty, and knowledge about occupations and training, indecision, neuroticism, vulnerability, angry hostility, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, comfort with choice, lack of information needs, anxiety, depression, self-clarity, decision-making style, cognitive thought patterns, emotional intelligence, symptoms of trauma, self-efficacy, satisfaction with occupational choice, attachment anxiety and avoidance, and others.
How many steps are there in CIP?
The key elements of the CIP approach are broken down into a seven-step service delivery model:
What is the purpose of cognitive framework?
Helps individuals understand the content and process of career decision making to create a cognitive framework which helps reduce ambiguity, manage information, and provide clear criteria for self-monitoring of progress
What are the two fundamental structures of the CIP model?
Two fundamental structures comprise the CIP model: the Pyramid of Information Processing and the CASVE Cycle.
Who developed the CIP paradigm?
This paradigm, known as CIP, was initially formulated in the works of Earl Hunt, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, and Roy Lackman, Janet Lackman, and Earl Butterfield.
How many sections are there in the CIP model?
The CIP model is described in four sections. The first presents key concepts that form its foundation, the second discusses assessing client needs from a CIP perspective, the third describes interventions consistent with this theoretical frame, and the fourth concerns the application of the model in career counseling practice.
What is gap in working memory?
Problem space: All cognitive and affective components contained in working memory as individuals approach a career problem-solving task.
What is a gap in career?
Career problem: A gap between an existing state of career indecision and a more desirable state of decidedness. The gap creates a state of cognitive dissonance that becomes the primary motivational force driving the problem-solving process. The presence of a gap results in tension or discomfort that individuals seek to eliminate through problem solving and decision making.
What is the cognitive information processing model?
Cognitive Information Processing Model. There is an adage, “Give people a fish and they eat for a day, but teach them to fish and they eat for a lifetime.”. This wise maxim succinctly captures the ultimate aim of the cognitive information processing (CIP) approach to career counseling—that is, enabling individuals to become skillful career problem ...
How to remove gap in counseling?
Formulate goals: The counselor and client together formulate a set of attainable goals, stated in behavioral terms, to remove the gap.
What Does Covered Interest Rate Parity Tell You?
Covered interest rate parity is a no-arbitrage condition that could be used in the foreign exchange markets to determine the forward foreign exchange rate. The condition also states that investors could hedge foreign exchange risk or unforeseen fluctuations in exchange rates (with forward contracts ).
What is interest rate parity?
Interest rate parity says there is no opportunity for interest rate arbitrage for investors of two different countries. But this requires perfect substitutability and the free flow of capital. Sometimes there are arbitrage opportunities. This comes when the borrowing and lending rates are different, allowing investors to capture riskless yield.
Is covered interest rate parity non-advantageous?
However, the effort involved to capture this yield usually makes it non-advantageous to pursue .
Does interest rate parity change over time?
Consequently, the foreign exchange risk is said to be covered. Interest rate parity may occur for a time, but that does not mean it will remain. Interest rates and currency rates change over time.
What is a CIP?
The Customer Identification Program, or CIP for short, requires that financial institutions, such as banks, take the appropriate steps to have the reasonable belief that all customers who enter into a formal banking relationship with them are who they say they are. The requirement went into effect on June 9, 2003, is implemented through Section 326 of the Patriot Act, and is a mandatory Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) compliance element. The CIP is also commonly referred to as the ‘ know your customer ’ program.
What is the purpose of a CIP?
The goal of this program is to make sure that the financial institution can establish a ‘reasonable belief’ that each customer’s identity is true.
How does the Customer Identification Program affect your business?
In other words, you are not required to have a Customer Identification Program and are not affected by CIP regulations.
When did the CIP program go into effect?
The requirement went into effect on June 9, 2003, is implemented through Section 326 of the Patriot Act, and is a mandatory Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) compliance element. The CIP is also commonly referred to as the ‘ know your customer ’ program.
How many minimum requirements are there for a CIP?
Once it has been determined that a customer is opening a new account with a financial institution, there are six minimum requirements that need to be met in order for said financial institution to comply with CIP:
Do financial institutions have to comply with CIP?
Financial institutions need to comply with CIP regulations whenever a customer opens a new account: when a customer opens an account, the customer’s identity needs to be authenticated in such a way that the financial institution has a reasonable belief that customer’s identity is true and valid .
Summary of Cognitive Information Processing
Cip's Memory Model
- At the heart of CIP theory is its proposed memory system. This theory uses the computer metaphor with its inputs and outputs. CIP theory focuses on what happens in between input and output, i.e., on information processing. Get familiar with Figure 1 and think deeply about the flow of information it represents. Pay attention not only to the basic components or memory stages: …
CIP Definitions and Explanations
- The Components of Memory
Figure 1 above displays the three basic components of CIP's proposed memory system—sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM)—along with the processes assumed to be responsible for transferring information from one stage to the next. Brief descrip… - The Flow of Information During Learning
Information is transformed or processed as it passes from one stage of memory to the next. However, processing doesn't really occur in the unidirectional, linear way implied by the diagram. For example, the mental representation one forms of a sentence s/he reads is determined both …
References
- Driscoll, M. P. (1994). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50-72.
- Schunk, D. H. (1996). Learning Theories (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Merrill, an i…
- Driscoll, M. P. (1994). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1993). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features from an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(4), 50-72.
- Schunk, D. H. (1996). Learning Theories (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Merrill, an imprint of Prentice Hall.
Overview
The Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Approach to Career Development and Services is a theory of career problem solving and decision making that was developed through the joint efforts of a group of researchers at the Florida State University Career Center's Center for the Study of Technology in Counseling and Career Development.
CIP theory asserts that the major components involved in determining career decision-making a…
Description
In terms of career problem solving and decision making, the CONTENT includes everything one must KNOW to make an effective decision, including knowledge about oneself (values, interests, skills, employment preferences), knowledge about options; knowledge about decision-making skills—and knowledge about the thoughts, emotions, and metacognitions (self-talk, self-awareness, monitoring and control) that are involved. Each of these areas are categorized into d…
Key Elements
The key elements of the CIP approach are broken down into a seven-step service delivery model:
1. Screen individuals for career decision-making readiness before delivering services
• Increases the likelihood that the services delivered are congruent with individual needs
• Allows staff to serve more individuals with brief interventions
Relationship to Cognitive Therapy
CIP theory is based on cognitive therapy concepts developed by Aaron Beck, which specify that dysfunctional cognitions have a detrimental impact on behavior and emotions. Through cognitive restructuring, collaborative empiricism, attention to emotions, and the development of an effective helping relationship, clients learn to replace dysfunctional cognitions with functional cognitions, resulting in positive changes in behavior and emotions. Dysfunctional cognitions have been dete…
Related Assessment Tool
The Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) was developed to measure dysfunctional career thoughts, and an accompanying workbook (Improving Your Career Thoughts: A Workbook for the Career Thoughts Inventory) was created to help clients restructure and improve their career thinking. The CTI was developed to integrate the functions of assessment and intervention within a career service delivery context by linking the measure and workbook in such a way that clients can mor…
External links
• Vendor site selling the CTI