coercion In human subjects research, coercion occurs when an overt or implicit threat of harm (such as loss of services or access to programs to which the potential participant is otherwise entitled) is intentionally presented by one person to another in order to obtain compliance or research participation.
What does coercion mean in history?
See Article History. Coercion, threat or use of punitive measures against states, groups, or individuals in order to force them to undertake or desist from specified actions. In addition to the threat of or limited use of force (or both), coercion may entail economic sanctions, psychological pressures, and social ostracism.
What is coercion in international relations?
Written By: Coercion, threat or use of punitive measures against states, groups, or individuals in order to force them to undertake or desist from specified actions. In addition to the threat of or limited use of force (or both), coercion may entail economic sanctions, psychological pressures, and social ostracism.
What is coercion theory in child development?
Coercion theory is the study of the development of aggressive and antisocial behaviors in children. Essentially, coercion theory refers to the endless cycle of aggression that develops in a child and is inadvertently fostered by his parents. The child exhibits aggressive behavior, and his parents have no idea how to control it.
Is coercion theory a healthy relationship?
That is not a healthy relationship. Sexual contact should only be engaged in when both parties consent. Coercion theory is the study of the development of aggressive and antisocial behaviors in children. Essentially, coercion theory refers to the endless cycle of aggression that develops in a child and is inadvertently fostered by his parents.
What is sexual coercion?
The term “sexual coercion” refers to unwanted sexual activity that happens as the result of one of the parties being tricked or forced into engaging in sexual activity with the other person. When someone is subjected to sexual coercion, a person can be tricked into believing that they owe the other person sex.
What is the study of the development of aggressive and antisocial behaviors in children?
Coercion theory is the study of the development of aggressive and antisocial behaviors in children. Essentially, coercion theory refers to the endless cycle of aggression that develops in a child and is inadvertently fostered by his parents. The child exhibits aggressive behavior, and his parents have no idea how to control it.
What is the term for the act of forcing or intimidating someone to do what you want them to do?
Coercion . The term “coercion” is used to describe the act of forcing or intimidating someone to do what you want them to do. At some point or another, most people have been subjected to coercion. For example, coercion is what every schoolyard bully uses when he tells another student to give up his lunch money to the bully or risk being beaten up.
Is coercion a form of sexual assault?
If someone is sexually coerced, and then has sex with the person doing the coercing, it becomes a form of sexual assault. No one should feel forced into having sex. That is not a healthy relationship. Sexual contact should only be engaged in when both parties consent.
What does "coercere" mean?
and arcere (“to shut in” ). “Coercere” means to repress, to contain, to restrain. Either
Do coerced people exercise their au tonomy?
Coerced people are not f ree to exercise their au tonomy. Their voluntarine ss is being
Can a coerced person impose its will without a will?
necessarily be) absent. The coe rcer may impose its will o n the coerced without
What are some examples of coercion?
Examples of coercion in a Sentence. a promise obtained by coercion is never binding. Recent Examples on the Web Second, the triad involves Machiavellianism, which is more widely understood as social engineering, coercion, and manipulation.
Where does the word "cohercioun" come from?
Middle English cohercion, borrowed from Anglo-French cohercioun, borrowed from Late Latin coerctiōn-, coerctiō, by-form of Latin coercitiōn-, coercitiō, from coerci-, variant stem of coercēre "to coerce " + -tiōn-, -tiō, suffix of verbal action
What is the difference between coercion and intimidation?
Coercion means forcing a person to do something that they would not normally do by making threats against their safety or well-being, or that of their relatives or property . The person making the threats is attempting to gain compliance from a victim through intimidation. The threats can be physical in nature, meaning that pain or injury has been implied or has actually taken place. For example, pointing a gun at someone's head or holding a knife to someone's throat is an actual physical threat. Telling someone that their sister will be robbed if they do not comply is an implied physical threat.
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Can you be excused from a crime if you are coerced into committing a crime?
In some jurisdictions, if a person is coerced into committing a crime, they may be excused from criminal charges if they can prove they acted out of fear.
Can a person be charged with coercion?
A person charged with coercion may also be charged with the original crime as well. Looking back to the example of John, the people holding his wife could be charged with coercion as well as kidnapping. Lesson Summary. Let's take a moment or two to review what we've learned!
Is coercion a felony?
Coercion is considered a criminal charge in some states and the person responsible for intimidating another can be charged with a misdemeanor or felony, punishable by jail time or fines. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account.
What is the role of an institutional review board in research?
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and the International Council on Harmonization guidelines for Good Clinical Practice, for an institutional review board (IRB) to approve research with human subjects, it must determine that investigators will obtain informed consent from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized representative, under circumstances that minimize the possibility of coercion or undue influence. {1–4}
How does the IRB approach reduce the likelihood that payments will unduly influence subjects?
Lee observes that the standard IRB approach to reducing the likelihood that payments will unduly influence subjects is to reduce them. {11} If IRBs were to apply their standard approach to payments to other research benefits, Lee notes that IRBs would have to reduce potential benefits to minimize undue influence. For example, the IRB would require protocols to randomize a greater percentage of subjects to placebo or require lower doses of drug in the treatment group to the point where individuals would be less motivated to take part.
Is coercion a threat to harm?
As noted in the Belmont Report, coercion involves the intentional threat of harm. {5} Although a threat to withdraw a payment to which a subject is entitled can represent an intentional threat of harm, subjects taking part in research are not entitled to incentive payments. Therefore, the offer of an incentive payment is a benefit and cannot represent a harm, no matter how large the payment.
Is it acceptable to pay research subjects in exchange for their participation in research?
As parts of the HHS, the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) and FDA have released guidances regarding subject incentives that state, “Paying research subjects in exchange for their participation in research is a common and, in general, acceptable practice.” {9,10} The FDA guidance goes on to state that payments made to offset or reimburse out-of-pocket expenses do not raise issues of coercion or undue influence. This guidance also informs IRBs to look carefully at payments to ensure that they are neither coercive nor unduly influential.
