Cognex Corporation
Cognex Corporation is an American manufacturer of machine vision systems, software and sensors used in automated manufacturing to inspect and identify parts, detect defects, verify product assembly, and guide assembly robots. Cognex is headquartered in Natick, Massachusetts, USA an…
What does Cognex mean?
Cognex Corporation is an American manufacturer of machine vision systems, software and sensors used in automated manufacturing to inspect and identify parts, detect defects, verify product assembly, and guide assembly robots. Cognex is headquartered in Natick, Massachusetts, USA.
How is Cognex machine vision used?
Cognex machine vision and barcode reading tools enable companies around the world to improve assembly verification , eliminate defects , automate production and identify challenging barcodes reliably across a wide range of industries and applications. Learn how Cognex is used by industry leaders across the world.
How is Cognex used to treat dementia?
Treating mild to moderate dementia (eg, impairment of memory or judgement, abstract thinking, changes in personality) in patients with Alzheimer disease. Cognex is a cholinesterase inhibitor. It works by increasing the amount of a certain substance (acetylcholine) in the brain.
Where are Cognex products made?
Cognex is headquartered in Natick, Massachusetts, USA and has offices in more than 20 countries. Cognex began exploring commercial applications of machine vision in the early 1980s. In the 1990s, Cognex’s business grew due to a demand for machine vision tools to help automate semiconductor and electronics manufacturing.
What are the side effects of taking Cognex?
The most common adverse events associated with the use of Cognex® (tacrine) were elevated transaminases, nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, myalgia, anorexia, and ataxia. Of these events, nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and anorexia appeared to be dose-dependent.
What kind of drug is Cognex?
Cognex is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of mild to moderate dementia in patients with Alzheimer Disease. Cognex may be used alone or with other medications. Cognex belongs to a class of drugs called Cholinesterase Inhibitors.
What is the drug tacrine used for?
Descriptions. Tacrine is used to treat the symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Tacrine will not cure Alzheimer's disease, and it will not stop the disease from getting worse. However, tacrine can improve thinking ability in some patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Is tacrine still used?
Because of continuing concerns over safety and availability of other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, tacrine was withdrawn from use in 2013.
How does tacrine help Alzheimer's?
In Alzheimer's disease, many chemical changes take place in the brain. One of the earliest and biggest changes is that there is less of a chemical messenger called acetylcholine (ACh). ACh helps the brain to work properly. Tacrine slows the breakdown of ACh, so it can build up and have a greater effect.
Is donepezil used for dementia?
Donepezil is a medicine that helps with some types of dementia. It does not cure dementia. However, it treats some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. It can also help with "mixed dementia".
What kind of drug is tacrine?
Tacrine is an anticholinesterase drug used for the management of Alzheimer's disease symptoms. A centerally active cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
What class of drug is tacrine?
Tacrine is a member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It has a role as an EC 3.1. 1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor.
What is Alprazolam side effects?
Alprazolam may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:drowsiness.light-headedness.headache.tiredness.dizziness.irritability.talkativeness.difficulty concentrating.More items...•
When was tacrine approved by the FDA?
Tacrine was approved by the FDA in 1993 for the treatment of mild to moderate.
What does tacrine help to increase?
Tacrine is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It is thought to increase concentrations of acetylcholine, one of the key neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease.
Who created tacrine?
Tacrine was first synthesised by Adrien Albert at the University of Sydney in 1949. It also acts as a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor.
What type of drug is tacrine?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitorTacrine / ClassificationTacrine is an anticholinesterase drug used for the management of Alzheimer's disease symptoms. A centerally active cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
What is cholinesterase used for?
Cholinesterase inhibitors function to decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine. They SEe use in the treatment of Alzheimer and dementia symptoms. This activity describes the indications, action, and contraindications for cholinesterase inhibitors in treating dementia disorders and other uses within other specialties.
What is the mechanism of action of tacrine?
The putative principal mechanism of action of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease is reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which thereby slows the breakdown of the chemical messenger acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain. Tacrine also inhibits butyrylcholinesterase activity.
What is the generic name for Exelon?
Rivastigmine (Exelon) is used for dementia caused by Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. It's available as a generic medication and comes in an oral capsule or skin patch.
What is Cognex prescribed for?
Cognex® (tacrine) should be prescribed with care in patients with current evidence or history of abnormal liver function indicated by significant abnormalities in serum transami-nase (ALT/SGPT; AST/ SGOT ), bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections ).
What is a cognex?
Cognex® (tacrine hydrochloride) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, known chemically as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine monohydrochloride monohydrate. Tacrine hydrochloride is commonly referred to in the clinical and pharmacological literature as THA.
How much tacrine is in Cognex?
Cognex® is supplied as capsules of tacrine hydrochloride containing 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of tacrine. The capsule logo is "Cognex® (tacrine) " with the strength (eg, 10, 20, 30, or 40) printed underneath
Why did patients withdraw from Cognex?
It should be noted that some of the placebo-treated patients were exposed to Cognex® (tacrine) prior to receiving placebo due to the variety of study designs used, including crossover studies. Transaminase elevations were the most common reason for withdrawals during Cognex® (tacrine) treatment (8% of all Cognex® (tacrine) -treated patients, or 212 of 456 patients withdrawn). The controlled clinical trial protocols required that any patient with an ALT/SGPT elevation > 3 X ULN be withdrawn, because of concern about potential hepatotoxicity. Apart from withdrawals due to transaminase elevations, 244 patients (9%) withdrew for adverse events while receiving Cognex® (tacrine) .
How many people have been treated with Cognex?
Cognex® (tacrine) has been administered to 2706 individuals during clinical trials.A total of 1471 patients were treated for at least 3 months, 1137 for at least 6 months, and 773 for at least 1 year. Any untoward reactions that occurred during these trials were recorded as adverse events by the clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. To provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals having similar types of events, the events were grouped into a smaller number of standardized categories using a modified COSTART dictionary. These categories are used in the listing below. The frequencies represent the proportion of the 2706 individuals exposed to Cognex® (tacrine) who experienced that event while receiving Cognex (tacrine) ®. All adverse events are included except those already listed on the previous table and those COSTART terms too general to be informative. Events are further classified by body system categories and listed using the following definitions: frequent adverse events are defined as those occurring in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients; and rare adverse events are those occurring in less than 1/1000 patients. These adverse events are not necessarily related to Cognex® (tacrine) treatment. Only rare adverse events deemed to be potentially important are included.
What is the best anticholinergic for Cognex?
Tertiary anticholinergics such as atropine may be used as an antidote for Cognex® (tacrine) overdosage. Intravenous atropine sulfate titrated to effect is recommended: in adults, nitial dose of 1.0 to 2.0 mg IV with subsequent doses based on clinical response.
What are the adverse events associated with Cognex?
Voluntary reports of adverse events temporally associated with Cognex® (tacrine) that have been received since market introduction, that are not listed above, and that may have no causal relationship with the drug include the following: pancreatitis, perforated peptic ulcer, and falling.
What is a cognex?
Cognex® (tacrine hydrochloride) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, known chemically as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine monohydrochloride monohydrate. Tacrine hydrochloride is commonly referred to in the clinical and pharmacological literature as THA.
What are the effects of Cognex?
Patients and caregivers should be advised that the effect of Cognex® (brand of tacrine hydrochloride) therapy is thought to depend upon its administration at regular intervals, as directed.#N#The caregiver should be advised about the possibility of adverse effects. Two types should be distinguished: (1) those occurring in close temporal association with the initiation of treatment or an increase in dose (eg, nausea, vomiting, loose stools, diarrhea, etc) and (2) those with a delayed onset (eg, rash, jaundice, changes in the color of stool—black, very dark or light [ie, acholic]).#N#Patients and caregivers should be encouraged to inform the physician about the emergence of new events or any increase in the severity of existing adverse clinical events.#N#Caregivers should be advised that abrupt discontinuation of Cognex® or a large reduction in total daily dose (80 mg/day or more) may cause a decline in cognitive function and behavioral disturbances. Unsupervised increases in the dose of tacrine may also have serious consequences. Consequently, changes in dose should not be undertaken in the absence of direct instruction of a physician.
How long does it take for Cognex to absorb?
Cognex® is rapidly absorbed after oral administration; maximal plasma concentrations occur within 1 to 2 hours. The rate and extent of tacrine absorption following administration of tacrine capsules and solution are virtually indistinguishable. Absolute bioavailability of tacrine is approximately 17 (SD ± 13) %. Food reduces tacrine bioavailability by approximately 30-40%; however, there is no food effect if tacrine is administered at least an hour before meals. The effect of achlorhydria on the absorption of tacrine is unknown.
Is Cognex contraindicated for jaundice?
Cognex® is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to tacrine or acridine derivatives.#N#Cognex® is contraindicated in patients previously treated with Cognex® who developed treatment-associated jaundice; a serum bilirubin >3 mg/dL; and/or those exhibiting clinical signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity (eg, rash or fever) in association with ALT/SGPT elevations.
Is Cognex effective for Alzheimer's?
The conclusion that Cognex® is an effective treatment for Alzheimer's Disease derives from two adequate and well controlled clinical investigations that evaluated tacrine's effects in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease of mild to moderate severity (NINCDS criteria, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of Folstein, Folstein and McHugh scores of 10 to 26).#N#In each study, outcomes during treatment with tacrine and placebo were assessed on two primary measures: (1) the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS cog) of Rosen, Mohs, and Davis and (2) a clinician's rated clinical global impression of change.
Is Cognex soluble in linoleic acid?
The compound is sparingly soluble in linoleic acid and PEG 400 . Each capsule of Cognex® contains tacrine as the hydrochloride. Inactive ingredients are hydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose.
Does Cognex affect liver function?
Cognex® should be prescribed with care in patients with current evidence or history of abnormal liver function indicated by significant abnormalities in serum transaminase (ALT/SGPT; AST/SGOT), bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections).#N#The use of tacrine in patients without a prior history of liver disease is commonly associated with serum aminotransferase elevations, some to levels ordinarily considered to indicate clinically important hepatic injury (see Table 2).#N#Experience gained in more than 12,000 patients who received tacrine in clinical studies and the treatment IND program indicates that if tacrine is promptly withdrawn following detection of these elevations, clinically evident signs and symptoms of liver injury are rare.#N#Long-term follow up of patients who experience transaminase elevations, however, is limited and it is impossible, therefore, to exclude, with certainty, the possibility of chronic sequelae.
Description
Cognex - Clinical Pharmacology
Clinical Trial Data
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Indications and Usage For Cognex
- Cognex® (tacrine hydrochloride capsules) is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Evidence of Cognex®'s effectiveness in the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type derives from results of two adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations that compared tacrine and placebo on both a performanc...
Contraindications
Warnings
Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage