what is convergence and divergence in weather

Convergence and divergence, in meteorology

, the accumulation or drawing apart of air, as well as the rate at which each takes place. The convergence of horizontal winds causes air to rise, whereas the divergence of horizontal winds causes downward motion of the air (subsidence). What does convergence mean?

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What is the Order of convergence?

• q = 1 {\displaystyle q=1} is called linear convergence (if M < 1 {\displaystyle M<1} ),
• q = 2 {\displaystyle q=2} is called quadratic convergence,
• q = 3 {\displaystyle q=3} is called cubic convergence,
• etc.

What are the types of convergence?

Media Convergence. Media convergence refers to the process of merging different types of media outlets to promote the program and media content. The traditional and new media have been merged to adjust to new technology. There are many types of convergence, such as technological convergence and cultural convergence.

Does it converge or diverge?

Diverge is an antonym of converge. As verbs the difference between converge and diverge is that converge is of two or more entities, to approach each other; to get closer and closer while diverge is (intransitive|literally|of lines or paths) to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions.

What is the potential downside of convergence?

international principals, convergence does have its potential disadvantages as well. One significant downside to changing U.S. GAAP to conform to IFRS is the cost of implementation. Critics of convergence argue that the cost in time and money to implement training for new

What does divergence mean in weather?

Divergence occurs when a stronger wind moves away from a weaker wind or when air streams move in opposite directions. When divergence occurs in the upper levels of the atmosphere it leads to rising air.

What is a convergence in weather?

Convergence. A contraction of a vector field; the opposite of divergence. Convergence in a horizontal wind field indicates that more air is entering a given area than is leaving at that level.

What is convergence and divergence?

Divergence generally means two things are moving apart while convergence implies that two forces are moving together. In the world of economics, finance, and trading, divergence and convergence are terms used to describe the directional relationship of two trends, prices, or indicators.

Does convergence bring good weather?

From Figure 3, we can see that convergence at the upper part of the troposphere together with divergence at the lower level will lead to downward motion of air and bring fine weather. If the opposite occurs, upward motion of air will be developed, leading to the formation of cloud and even rain.

What is convergence and divergence of wind?

The terms are usually used to refer specifically to the horizontal inflow (convergence) or outflow (divergence) of air. The convergence of horizontal winds causes air to rise, whereas the divergence of horizontal winds causes downward motion of the air (subsidence).

Is high-pressure convergent or divergent?

Surface high pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere have a clockwise rotation with wind turning slightly outward away from the highest pressure. This causes air to diverge, or move away, from the center of the high near the ground.

How do you know if its convergence or divergence?

convergeIf a series has a limit, and the limit exists, the series converges. divergentIf a series does not have a limit, or the limit is infinity, then the series is divergent. divergesIf a series does not have a limit, or the limit is infinity, then the series diverges.

What does convergence mean in geography?

A BROAD AREA WHERE two tectonic plates are colliding is a zone of convergence. An area where plates are moving apart is a zone of divergence. Convection in Earth's mantle drives the two motions. Convergence occurs above descending limbs of convective cells, whereas divergence takes place above cells' rising limbs.

What is an example of divergence?

Divergence is defined as separating, changing into something different, or having a difference of opinion. An example of divergence is when a couple split up and move away from one another. An example of divergence is when a teenager becomes an adult.

What is divergent flow?

Divergence measures the change in density of a fluid flowing according to a given vector field.

What happens at the zone of convergence?

A convergence zone in meteorology is a region in the atmosphere where two prevailing flows meet and interact, usually resulting in distinctive weather conditions. This causes a mass accumulation that eventually leads to a vertical movement and to the formation of clouds and precipitation.

Where is the convergence zone?

The location of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is usually readily seen as a line of cumulus clouds in the tropics. This is the location where northeast winds in the Northern Hemisphere converge with the southeast winds from the Southern Hemisphere.

What is convergence in the ocean?

in the ocean, zones where the surface waters of the ocean come together. They develop owing to unevenness in the wind field above the ocean and in the distribution of water density.

What is the definition of convergence zone?

a zone where tectonic plates collide, typified by earthquakes, mountain formation, and volcanic activity.

What does convergence mean in science?

Convergence is the coming together of two different entities, and in the contexts of computing and technology, is the integration of two or more different technologies in a single device or system.

What is Convergent precipitation?

[kən′vər·jənt prə‚sip·ə′tā·shən] (meteorology) A synoptic type of precipitation caused by local updrafts of moist air.

What is convergence and divergence?

convergence and divergence, in meteorology, the accumulation or drawing apart of air, as well as the rate at which each takes place. The terms are usually used to refer specifically to the horizontal inflow (convergence) or outflow (divergence) of air. The convergence of horizontal winds causes

What causes air to rise?

The convergence of horizontal winds causes air to rise, whereas the divergence of horizontal winds causes downward motion of the air (subsidence). Ground-level atmospheric pressureis not affected by convergence if divergence of an equal magnitude occurs simultaneously at higher levels.

What is the effect of convergence on wind?

The effect of convergence is to promote surface pressure and height rises.

What happens when the divergence aloft is stronger than the convergence at the lower levels?

If the divergence aloft is stronger than the convergence at the lower levels, surface pressure and constant pressure surfaces will fall. If the divergence aloft is weaker than the convergence in the lower levels, then the surface and constant pressure surfaces will rise.

How to estimate vertical motion?

The vertical motion is estimated by combining the results of the possible combinations of cold air advection, warm air advection at the gradient level, and convergence and divergence above the LND. When forces oppose each other, then the result is indeterminable. Represented by ? below.

What would happen if convergence aloft was stronger than divergence?

If convergence aloft is stronger than divergence at low levels, surface pressure and constant pressure surfaces will rise.

What are the main components of wind flow patterns that cause divergence and convergence?

Direction and speed are the main components of the wind flow patterns that cause divergence and convergence.

What causes speed convergence?

Speed Convergence is caused by winds rapidly decreasing speed downstream. The higher wind speeds push mass into an area faster than it can be removed by the slower wind speeds, thus increasing the mass. Speed Convergence. Wind direction and speed will offset each other on constant pressure charts.

What is directional confluence?

Directional Confluence is coming together of wind flow or contours which results is mass being added to the area.

What is the difference between ascending air and subsidence?

Generally speaking, ascending air often leads to formation of cloud and rain, while subsidence brings fine weather. Weather is directly affected by the vertical motion of air which, in turn, is influenced by horizontal convergence and divergence.

How do air masses move?

Air masses at different places usually move at different directions and speeds. They may move in varying directions and speeds. Sometimes, they propagate in the same direction but at different speeds, or at the same speed but in different directions.

Why is convergence important?

The importance of convergence and di-vergence is related to pressure changes at the surface and height changes of the constant-pressure levels. As the air accumulates in the 300-200-mb stratum over a region, greater pressure is exerted throughout the atmosphere. Its like inflating a tire.

Why is convergence considered horizontal?

In meteorology, convergence is classified as horizontal or vertical, because there are horizontal and vertical currents occurring in the atmosphere. In order for divergence to take place, the winds must be such as to result in a net outflow of air from a layer or region.

What happens when wind speeds increase downstream?

If wind speeds increase downstream, theres a net outflow of air from the region, and divergence occur s. In an area of uniform wind speeds, if the winds fan out (split), divergence occurs. If these same winds are brought together, convergence occurs. See figure 8-4-2, view B.

Why do wind contours diverge?

The fact that contours converge or diverge doesnt necessarily indicate convergence or divergence, because wind speeds must also be considered. If wind speeds increase downstream and the contours spread apart, supergradient winds are said to be occurring. This com-bination of wind direction and speed produces divergence. On the other hand, if wind speeds decrease downstream and the contours converge,

What is the accumulation of air in a region or layer of the atmosphere, while levels?

Convergence is the accumulation of air in a region or layer of the atmosphere, while levels. Coincidently, this is also the layer of maximum winds in the atmosphere; cores of jet streams are usually found here. These high-speed winds are directly related to convergence and divergence .

How does wind speed affect divergence?

Wind speed in relation to wind direction is also a contributor to convergence and divergence. If the wind speed decreases downstream, theres a net inflow of air into the region, and convergence takes place. If wind speeds increase down stream, theres a net outflow of air from the region, and divergence occurs. ...

How do winds create convergence?

In order for convergence to take place, the winds must be such as to result in a net inflow of air into a layer or region. At the surface, low-pressure systems are associated with con-vergent flow. The winds cross isobars toward the center of the low and push the air in the center upward into the atmosphere.

Upper Level Divergence

One of the patterns that led to such a strong storm system is upper level divergence. Divergence occurs where the air is being removed or pushed out of an area. Since you can’t have a void of air in the atmosphere, air rushes in to replace the air being removed.

Divergence Experiment

A good way to illustrate this concept is to push water out of the way in a bathtub or pool.

Divergence Aloft

When divergence occurs in the upper levels of the atmosphere, air rushes in from the lower levels to replace it. This rushing/filling in of air is called convergence and is the complete opposite of divergence. These two processes are important in keeping the atmosphere balanced. Remember the atmosphere does not like imbalance.

What determines the amount of divergence/convergence due to jet streak dynamics?

Within jet entrance and exit regions , the cross-stream component of the inertial advective part of the ageostrophic wind (i.e., the small arrows in Fig. 2) dictates the amount of divergence/convergence (and subsequent vertical motion) due to jet streak dynamics. Upper-level divergence (convergence) often is associated with upward (downward) vertical motion in the atmosphere.

Where does divergence occur in a jet?

Fig. 6Same as Fig. 5 except for an anticyclonically- curved jet streak. Divergence aloft and upward motion occur in the jet right entrance region (left half of image) with convergence and descent in the jet right exit region (right half of image).

What is vertical motion in jet streaks?

Thus, the atmosphere attempts to restore (thermal wind) balance through vertical motion. The vertical motion is attained through ageostrophic winds. Thus, vertical motion is required within entrance and exit regions of jets.

What are the lines of equal wind speed?

Fig. 2:Example of the entrance and exit regions of a straight jet streak. Dashed lines are lines of equal wind speed (isotachs); solid lines are height lines along which the total wind blows. The small arrows denote a component of the ageostrophic wind due to jet streaks that results in divergence and convergence in exit and entrance regions.

Where does cold air rise in the left exit region?

Within exit regions, a thermally indirect secondary circulation (Fig. 8) occurs. Cold air rises in the left exit (left front) region and warm air sinks in the right exit region. The horizontal ageostrophic components include flow from warm-to-cold air at low levels and from cold-to-warm air at upper levels.

Where is convergence in a jet streak?

Highest winds are within the streak along the line/arrow labeled "jet." Divergence (div) usually occurs within the left exit and right entrance regions, while convergence (conv) normally occurs in the right exit and left entrance regions.

Where is the maximum upper divergence value?

8b), maximum upper divergence values and subsequent ascent usually are found along and to the left of the core of the exit region, with descent along and to the left of the entrance region.