What is the meaning of the word creamware?
Creamware is a cream-coloured, refined earthenware with a lead glaze over a pale body, known in France as faïence fine, in Germany as Engels porselein and Italy as terraglia inglese.
What is the difference between stoneware and creamware?
Creamware is made from white clays from Dorset and Devonshire combined with an amount of calcined flint. This body is the same as that used for salt-glazed stoneware, but it is fired to a lower temperature (around 800 °C as opposed to 1,100 to 1,200 °C) and glazed with lead to form a cream-coloured earthenware.
What is pottery called when you cook with it?
pottery: Earthenware. …cream colour, it is called creamware. Much of the commercial earthenware produced beginning in the second half of the 20th century was heat- and cold-proof and could thus be used for cooking and freezing as well as for serving.
Where is creamware made in Italy?
Italian versions of creamware were known as terraglia, or creta all'uso inglese ("earthenware in the English manner"). They were produced in many factories, including by the Naples porcelain factory.
How do you identify creamware?
Creamware is earthenware pottery made from a combination of white clay and calcined flint. It is marked by a distinct cream color and a pale lead glaze.
How was creamware made?
Creamware is made from white clays from Dorset and Devonshire combined with an amount of calcined flint. This body is the same as that used for salt-glazed stoneware, but it is fired to a lower temperature (around 800 °C as opposed to 1,100 to 1,200 °C) and glazed with lead to form a cream-coloured earthenware.
What is Pearlware pottery?
Pearlware, first introduced by Josiah Wedgwood in 1779, is an earthenware ceramic body with a slightly bluish white lead glaze. Other historical names for this ware are Pearl White and China Glaze.
What is earthenware clay?
earthenware, pottery that has not been fired to the point of vitrification and is thus slightly porous and coarser than stoneware and porcelain. The body can be covered completely or decorated with slip (a liquid clay mixture applied before firing), or it can be glazed.
Who made creamware?
Staffordshire pottersCreamware is a cream colored English earthenware with a transparent lead glaze, that typically dates from the second half of the 18th century. It was originally developed by Staffordshire potters, who were experimenting to find a substitute for Chinese porcelain.
Is Stoneware a pottery?
Stoneware is dense pottery fired at high temperatures to make it resistant to liquids, or non-porous. It is made from clay, but is more durable than other kinds of pottery and earthenware. Stoneware gets its name from its stone-like qualities.
How can you tell Pearlware?
Pearlware is one of the earlier types of whiteware that we identify on nineteenth century sites. It has an off-white body and a glaze with a distinctive bluish tint, which gives the pieces a whiter appearance. The faint colour in the glaze is most evident in places where it pools, such as a footring or a brink.
What is Staffordshire Pearlware?
Early Staffordshire Pottery Figures are earthenware figures made in England, mainly in the county of Staffordshire, but also in other counties and in Scotland up until the time of Queen Victoria. Another term used to describe 'early' figures is 'Pre-Victorian'.
When did Wedgwood stop making Jasperware?
Dipping was first used in 1777, Wedgwood writing that "the Cobalt @ 36s. per lb, which being too dear to mix with the clay of the whole grounds". By 1829 production in jasper had virtually ceased, but in 1844 production resumed making dipped wares. Solid jasper was not manufactured again until 1860.
What are the 4 types of clay?
Now you know about the 4 main types of clay for pottery: Porcelain, earthenware, stoneware, and ball clay.
Which is better stoneware or earthenware?
Since it undergoes high temperatures and has vitreous material added, it is more durable than earthenware. We call it stoneware because of its stone-like appearance and dense, stone-like quality. Unlike earthenware, it is non-porous. All in all, stoneware is stronger and more durable than earthenware.
Which is stronger earthenware or stoneware?
Because it is fired at a lower temperature, it often features vibrant colors and a bright red clay body that is as varied as the land it is dug from. Stoneware is harder and denser than earthenware and fired at higher temperatures, around 2100 degrees to 2372 degrees F.
How can you tell Pearlware?
Pearlware is one of the earlier types of whiteware that we identify on nineteenth century sites. It has an off-white body and a glaze with a distinctive bluish tint, which gives the pieces a whiter appearance. The faint colour in the glaze is most evident in places where it pools, such as a footring or a brink.
When did Wedgwood stop making Jasperware?
Dipping was first used in 1777, Wedgwood writing that "the Cobalt @ 36s. per lb, which being too dear to mix with the clay of the whole grounds". By 1829 production in jasper had virtually ceased, but in 1844 production resumed making dipped wares. Solid jasper was not manufactured again until 1860.
What is creamware?
Creamware is a cream-coloured refined earthenware with a lead glaze over a pale body, known in France as faïence fine, in the Netherlands as Engels porselein, and in Italy as terraglia inglese. It was created about 1750 by the potters of Staffordshire, England, who refined the materials and techniques of salt-glazed earthenware towards a finer, thinner, whiter body with a brilliant glassy lead glaze, which proved so ideal for domestic ware that it supplanted white salt-glaze wares by about 1780. It was popular until the 1840s.
Who invented creamware?
Foremost of the pioneers of creamware in the Staffordshire Potteries was Thomas Whieldon. Although he has become popularly associated almost exclusively with tortoiseshell creamware, in fact he produced a wide variety of creamware. He first mentions ‘Cream Colour’ in 1749.
Why is pearlware different from creamware?
Pearlware is distinct from creamware in having a blue-tinged glaze produced by the use of cobalt and a body somewhat modified to produce a ware that was slightly greyish in appearance. Pearlware was developed in order to meet demand for substitutes for Chinese porcelain amongst the growing middle classes of the time.
What is enameling creamware?
This consisted of painting overglaze on the ware with pigments made from finely powdered coloured glass and then firing again to fuse the enamel to the ware.
When was cream color invented?
He first mentions ‘Cream Colour’ in 1749. The young Josiah Wedgwood was in partnership with Thomas Whieldon from 1754 to 1759 and after Wedgwood had left to set up independently at Ivy House, he immediately directed his efforts to the development of creamware.
When was creamware popular?
The heyday of creamware ran from about 1770 to the rise of painted pearlwares, white wares and stone chinas in the period around 1810 to 1825. Although creamware continued to be produced during the later period, it was no longer pre-eminent in the markets. Given the fickle nature of the consumer, much remarked upon by Wedgwood during his career, it is remarkable how long creamware remained popular in its many forms.
Where was creamware made?
They were produced in many factories, including by the Naples porcelain factory.
Overview
Creamware is a cream-coloured refined earthenware with a lead glaze over a pale body, known in France as faïence fine, in the Netherlands as Engels porselein, and in Italy as terraglia inglese. It was created about 1750 by the potters of Staffordshire, England, who refined the materials and techniques of salt-glazed earthenware towards a finer, thinner, whiter body with a brilliant gl…
Materials and production
Creamware is made from white clays from Dorset and Devonshire combined with an amount of calcined flint. This body is the same as that used for salt-glazed stoneware, but it is fired to a lower temperature (around 800 °C as opposed to 1,100 to 1,200 °C) and glazed with lead to form a cream-coloured earthenware. The white clays ensured a fine body and the addition of flint improved its resist…
Development
Creamware was first produced some time before 1740. Originally lead powder or galena, mixed with a certain amount of ground calcined flint, was dusted on the ware, which was then given its one and only firing. This early method was unsatisfactory because lead powder produced poisoning among the potters and the grinding of flint stones caused a disease known as potter's rot.
Pearlware
One important ware of note however is pearlware, of which there was an increase around 1779. Pearlware is distinct from creamware in having a blue-tinged glaze produced by the use of cobalt and a body somewhat modified to produce a ware that was slightly greyish in appearance. Pearlware was developed in order to meet demand for substitutes for Chinese porcelain amongst the growing middle classes of the time. By around 1808 a fully whitened version of creamware (k…
Forms
During the partnership between Thomas Whieldon and Josiah Wedgwood from 1754 to 1759, moulded creamware in a variety of forms was developed, especially in collaboration with the talented block-cutter William Greatbatch, who produced a variety of Cauliflower, Pineapple, Fruit Basket and other popular wares. There was considerable inventiveness of form and the use of moulds allowed both greater complexity and ease of mass-production. Several creamware type…
Decoration
Creamware during the 18th century was decorated in a variety of ways:
The early process of using lead-powder produced a brilliant, transparent glaze of a rich cream colour. Small stamped motifs similar to those used at the time on salt-glaze wares and redware were sometimes applied to the ware for decoration. Dry crystals of metallic oxides such as copper, iron and manganes…
Manufacturers and attribution
There were approximately 130 potteries in North Staffordshire during the 1750s, rising to around 150 by 1763 and employing up to 7,000 people – a large number of these potteries would have been producing creamware.
Whilst Staffordshire had taken the lead, creamware came to be developed in a number of large potting centres where stoneware was already being produced…
Terraglia
Italian versions of creamware were known as terraglia, or creta all'uso inglese ("earthenware in the English manner"). They were produced in many factories, including by the Naples porcelain factory.