What drugs cause drug interactions?
Jul 08, 2021 · A drug-disease interaction is an event in which a drug that is intended for therapeutic use causes some harmful effects in a patient because of a disease or condition that the patient has. There...
How do you check drug interactions?
In this section: Drug Interactions & Labeling Drug Interactions & Labeling ... Drug-Disease Interactions. Share; Tweet; Linkedin; Email; Print; Liver disease; Renal disease; Cardiac disease ...
What are the symptoms of drug interaction?
Aug 04, 2021 · A drug interaction is a reaction between two (or more) drugs or between a drug and a food, beverage, or supplement. Taking a drug while having certain medical conditions can also cause a drug interaction. For example, taking a nasal decongestant if you have high blood pressure may cause an unwanted reaction. A drug interaction can affect how a drug works or …
What are examples of drug interactions?
Jun 12, 2015 · It is possible for a precipitant drug to indirectly affect the object drug and for effective drug therapy to enhance the elimination of an object drug by treating a disease that inhibits drug elimination. This column usually deals with interactions that occur when one drug directly affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a second drug.
What is drug-drug interactions with examples?
A drug interaction is a reaction between two (or more) drugs or between a drug and a food, beverage, or supplement. Taking a drug while having certain medical conditions can also cause a drug interaction. For example, taking a nasal decongestant if you have high blood pressure may cause an unwanted reaction.Aug 4, 2021
What are 3 types of drug interactions?
Drug interactions can be categorised into 3 groups:Interactions of drugs with other drugs (drug-drug interactions),Drugs with food (drug-food interactions)Drug with disease condition (drug-disease interactions).
What are the four types of drug interaction?
Types of drug interactionsDrug-drug. A drug-drug reaction is when there's an interaction between two or more prescription drugs. ... Drug-nonprescription treatment. This is a reaction between a drug and a nonprescription treatment. ... Drug-food. ... Drug-alcohol. ... Drug-disease. ... Drug-laboratory.
What is the word for drug interaction?
Pharmacodynamic interactions. Drug interactions can be additive (the result is what you expect when you add together the effect of each drug taken independently), synergistic (combining the drugs leads to a larger effect than expected), or antagonistic (combining the drugs leads to a smaller effect than expected).
What is the most common type of drug interaction?
pharmacokinetic – defined as an alteration in the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of one drug by another. This is the most common type of drug interaction.
What is an example of an interaction?
The definition of interaction is an action which is influenced by other actions. An example of interaction is when you have a conversation. The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
What are the symptoms of drug interactions?
Symptoms of adverse drug reactions include:skin rash.bruising.bleeding.swelling.dizziness.severe nausea and vomiting.diarrhea.constipation.More items...•Sep 1, 2000
What drugs should not be taken together?
Specifically, drugs that slow down breathing rate, such as opioids, alcohol, antihistamines, CNS depressants, or general anesthetics, should not be taken together because these combinations increase the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression.Jun 16, 2020
What medication can you not take together?
What Drugs Can You Not Take Together?Two or more drugs that share an active ingredient. You could have side effects or an overdose. ... Blood-thinning drugs with NSAIDs. Your odds for a dangerous bleed could go up. ... Pills with antihistamines.
What are the two important things to remember about drug interactions?
Drug Interactions and Over-the-Counter Medicines That's why it's especially important to read the label every time you use a drug. The "Active Ingredients" and "Purpose" sections list: the name and amount of each active ingredient. the purpose of each active ingredient.Sep 25, 2013
How does drug interaction affect HIV?
A drug interaction can affect how a drug works or cause unwanted side effects. Treatment with HIV medicines (called antiretroviral therapy or ART) helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives and reduces the risk of HIV transmission. But drug interactions can complicate HIV treatment.
What to consider before recommending an HIV treatment regimen?
Before recommending an HIV treatment regimen, health care providers carefully consider potential drug-drug interactions between HIV medicines. They also ask about other medicines a person may be taking.
What to tell your health care provider before taking HIV medication?
Before taking HIV medicines, tell your health care provider about all prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take.
How to avoid drug interactions?
You can take the following steps to avoid drug interactions: Tell your health care provider about all prescription and nonprescription medicines you are taking or plan to take. Also tell your health care provider about any vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you take.
What is the treatment for HIV?
Treatment with HIV medicines (called antiretroviral therapy or ART) helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives and reduces the risk of HIV transmission. But drug interactions, especially drug-drug interactions, can complicate HIV treatment.
What are the different types of drug interactions?
There are three types of drug interactions: Drug-drug interaction: A reaction between two (or more) drugs. Drug-food interaction: A reaction between a drug and a food or beverage. Drug-condition interaction: A reaction that occurs when taking a drug while having a certain medical condition.
Can you take HIV medication with food?
Some HIV medicines can be taken with or without food, because food does not affect their absorption. Conditions such as kidney disease, hepatitis, and pregnancy can affect how the body processes HIV medicines. The dosing of some HIV medicines may need to be adjusted in people with certain medical conditions.
What is the purpose of each active ingredient?
the purpose of each active ingredient. The " Uses " section of the label: tells you what the drug is used for. helps you find the best drug for your specific symptoms. The " Warnings " section of the label provides important drug interaction and precaution information such as. when to talk to a doctor or pharmacist before use.
Why do you need to know all the medicines you take?
If you take several different medicines, see more than one doctor, or have certain health conditions, you and your doctors need to be aware of all the medicines you take. Doing so will help you to avoid potential problems such as drug interactions.
What is an OTC label?
Over-the-counter (OTC) drug labels contain information about ingredients, uses, warnings and directions that is important to read and understand. The label also includes important information about possible drug interactions. Further, drug labels may change as new information becomes known.
What does the directions section on a drug label mean?
when to stop taking the drug. The " Directions " section of the label tells you: the length of time and the amount of the product that you may safely use.
What is the other information on a food label?
The " Other Information " section of the label tells you: required information about certain ingredients, such as sodium content, for people with dietary restrictions or allergies. The " Inactive Ingredients " section of the label tells you: the name of each inactive ingredient (such as colorings, binders, etc.)
What is the best medicine for sour stomach?
Antacids. (drugs for relief of acid indigestion, heartburn, and/or sour stomach) Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are: allergic to milk or milk products if the product contains more than 5 grams lactose in a maximum daily dose. taking a prescription drug. Ask a doctor before use if you have: kidney disease.
What is the H2 receptor antagonist?
(drugs that prevent or relieve heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach) For products containing cimetidine, ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are: taking theophylline (oral asthma drug), warfarin (blood thinning drug), or phenytoin (seizure drug) Antacids.
How long after tocilizumab does simvastatin increase?
At 35 days after the tocilizumab dose, simvastatin plasma concentrations were still 40% less than levels prior to the tocilizumab dosing. The inhibition of CYP3A4 activity by cytokines is likely responsible for the increased simvastatin concentration observed prior to tocilizumab treatment.
How much does cytokine inhibition reduce drug clearance?
Based on the limited data available, cytokineinduced inhibition may approach a 50% reduction in drug clearance.
What are the enzymes that inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450?
The activity of several cytochrome P450 enzymes (eg, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C9) can be inhibited by disease states that are characterized by infection or inflammation. 1-3 These disease states increase cytokine concentrations in response to infection, trauma, ischemia, immune-activated T cells, and toxins.
Does tocilizumab affect cytokine metabolism?
Patients treated with tocilizumab or other cytokine inhibitors should be monitored for altered response to long-term medications that undergo CYP metabolism. Drs. Horn and Hansten are both professors of pharmacy at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy.
Can precipitant drugs affect the elimination of an object drug?
It is possible for a precipitant drug to indirectly affect the object drug and for effective drug therapy to enhance the elimination of an object drug by treating a disease that inhibits drug elimination.
What are some examples of drugs that can be used to reduce the effectiveness of one or both?
Two drugs with opposing actions can interact, thereby reducing the effectiveness of one or both. For example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, which are taken to relieve pain, may cause the body to retain salt and fluid. Diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide, help rid the body of excess salt and fluid. If a person takes both types of drug, the NSAID may reduce the diuretic's effectiveness. Certain beta-blockers (such as propranolol ), taken to control high blood pressure and heart disease, counteract beta-adrenergic stimulants, such as albuterol, taken to manage asthma. Both types of drugs target the same cell receptors—beta-2 receptors (see table Targets in The Body: Cell Receptors )—but one type blocks them, and the other stimulates them.
What is a supplement that is regulated as a food?
Dietary supplements. Dietary supplements , including medicinal herbs, are products (besides tobacco) that contain a vitamin, mineral, herb, or amino acid and that are intended as a supplement to the normal diet. Supplements are regulated as foods, not as drugs, so they are not tested as comprehensively.
Why do doctors and pharmacists check reference books?
Because there are so many drug interactions, many doctors and pharmacists reduce the risk of problems by checking reference books and computer software programs when prescribing or dispensing prescriptions for additional drugs.
What happens when you take two drugs with the same effect?
When two drugs with the same effect are taken, their side effects may be intensified. Duplication may occur when people inadvertently take two drugs (often at least one is an over-the-counter drug) that have the same active ingredient. For example, people may take a cold remedy and a sleep aid, both of which contain diphenhydramine, ...
Why is awareness of drug ingredients important?
Awareness of drug ingredients is important, as is checking each new drug to avoid duplication.
What is drug interaction?
Food, beverages, or supplements the person is consuming (drug-nutrient interaction) Another disease the person has (drug-disease interaction) The effects of drug interactions are usually unwanted and sometimes harmful. Interactions may. Increase the actions of one or more drugs, resulting in side effects or toxicity.
How does one drug affect the body?
One drug may alter how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, or excretes another drug (see Administration and Kinetics of Drugs ). How to Reduce the Risk of Drug-Drug Interactions.
What are some examples of drugs that can interact with each other?
For example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, which are taken to relieve pain, may cause the body to retain salt and fluid.
What is a supplement that is regulated as a food?
Dietary supplements. Dietary supplements , including medicinal herbs, are products (besides tobacco) that contain a vitamin, mineral, herb, or amino acid and that are intended as a supplement to the normal diet. Supplements are regulated as foods, not as drugs, so they are not tested as comprehensively.
Why do doctors and pharmacists check reference books?
Because there are so many drug interactions, many doctors and pharmacists reduce the risk of problems by checking reference books and computer software programs when prescribing or dispensing prescriptions for additional drugs.
What happens when you take two drugs at the same time?
When two drugs with the same effect are taken, their side effects may be intensified . Duplication may occur when people inadvertently take two drugs (often at least one is an over-the-counter drug) that have the same active ingredient. For example, people may take a cold remedy and a sleep aid, both of which contain diphenhydramine, or a cold remedy and a pain reliever, both of which contain acetaminophen. This type of duplication is particularly likely with the use of drugs that contain multiple ingredients or that are sold under brand names (thus appearing to be different but actually containing the same ingredients).
Why is awareness of drug ingredients important?
Awareness of drug ingredients is important, as is checking each new drug to avoid duplication.
What is drug interaction?
Food, beverages, or supplements the person is consuming (drug-nutrient interaction) Another disease the person has (drug-disease interaction) The effects of drug interactions are usually unwanted and sometimes harmful. Interactions may. Increase the actions of one or more drugs, resulting in side effects or toxicity.
How does one drug affect the body?
One drug may alter how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, or excretes another drug (see Administration and Kinetics of Drugs ). How to Reduce the Risk of Drug-Drug Interactions.
What facts should I know about drug interactions?
Whenever two or more drugs are being taken, there is a chance that there will be an interaction among the drugs. The interaction may increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drugs or their side effects. The likelihood of drug interactions increases as the number of drugs being taken increases.
What are drug interactions?
A drug interaction can be defined as an interaction between a drug and another substance that prevents the drug from performing as expected. This drug interaction definition applies to
How do drug interactions occur?
There are several mechanisms by which drugs interact with other drugs, food, and other substances. An interaction can result when there is an increase or decrease in:
Change in absorption
Most drugs are absorbed into the blood and then travel to their site of action. Most drug interactions that are due to altered absorption occur in the intestine. There are various ways that the absorption of drugs can be reduced. These mechanisms include:
Change in drug metabolism and elimination
Most drugs are eliminated through the kidney in either an unchanged form or metabolized by the liver. Therefore, the kidney and the liver are very important sites of potential drug interactions. Some drugs are able to reduce or increase the metabolism of other drugs by the liver or their elimination by the kidney.
How often do drug interactions occur?
The prescribing information for most drugs contains a list of potential drug interactions. Many of the listed interactions may be rare, minor, or only occur under specific conditions and may not be important. Drug interactions that cause important changes in the action of a drug are of greatest concern.
What are the consequences of drug interactions?
Drug interactions may lead to an increase or decrease in the beneficial or the adverse effects of the given drugs. When a drug interaction increases the benefit of the administered drugs without increasing side effects, both drugs may be combined to increase the control of the condition that is being treated.
What to tell a doctor about a drug?
When you visit a doctor, inform them about all the drugs you are taking , or have taken within the last few weeks. This should include over-the-counter medications, vitamins, dietary supplements, and herbal remedies. Keep your list of medications up to date.
How do antibiotics affect the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
Some antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills by impairing the bacterial flora responsible for recycling the hormone from the gut.
What are the interactions between food and drugs?
Drug-food interactions. These interactions occur when drugs react with foods, dietary supplements or beverages (including alcohol). Some drugs may interfere with the body’s ability to absorb nutrients. In the same way, certain herbs and food can lessen or increase the impact of a drug.
What are the different types of drug interactions?
Drug interactions can be categorised into 3 groups: 1 Interactions of drugs with other drugs (drug-drug interactions), 2 Drugs with food (drug-food interactions) 3 Drug with disease condition (drug-disease interactions).
What is KKH in medical terms?
KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), shares the 3 types of drug interactions and how to avoid them. can cause serious side effects or result in failed therapy.
What are the conditions that are at high risk for drug interactions?
Conditions that place patients at high risk for drug interactions include kidney or liver disease, diabetes, asthma, cardiac problems, epilepsy, high or low blood pressure. Drug-disease interactions are more common among the elderly, who tend to have more diseases.
What are drug condition interactions?
Drug-condition interactions occur when a drug worsens or exacerbates an existing medical condition. For example, a nasal decongestant containing pseudoephedrine increases blood pressure and thus has to be avoided by people who are hypertensive (have high blood pressure).
How long after taking dolutegravir can you take milk?
Dolutegravir should be taken 2 hours before or 6 hours after medications that contain calcium or other minerals to help prevent this interaction. In the same manner, many drugs cannot be taken with milk or dairy products because they will bind with the calcium.
What is the interaction between fenofibric acid and warfarin?
One example of an interaction is between fenofibric acid (Trilipix), used to lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, and warfarin, a common blood thinner to help prevent clots. Fenofibric acid can increase the effects of warfarin and cause you to bleed more easily. Metabolism: Drugs are usually eliminated from the body as either ...
Why is it important to check for drug interactions?
Drug interactions are important to check for because they can: Affect how your medication works by changing levels of the drug in your blood. Put you at risk for side effects and toxicity. Worsen a medical condition you may already have.
What is the interaction between two drugs?
A pharmacodynamic interaction occurs when two drugs given together act at the same or similar receptor site and lead to a greater (additive or synergistic) effect or a decreased (antagonist) effect.
What is pharmacokinetic interaction?
A pharmacokinetic interaction may occur if one drug affects another drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. Examples can help to explain these complicated mechanisms: Absorption: Some drugs can alter the absorption of another drug into your bloodstream.
Can drug interactions cause side effects?
Drug-drug interactions can decrease how well your medications work, may increase minor or serious unexpected side effects, or even increase the blood level and possible toxicity of a certain drug.
Does diltiazem affect enzymes?
However, enzyme levels may go up or down and affect how drugs are broken down. For example, using diltiazem (a blood pressure medication) with simvastatin (a medicine to lower cholesterol) may elevate the blood levels and side effects of simvastatin.