What is equality of condition and inequality of opportunity?
Equality of condition is often present in small-scale, hunter-gatherer societies. Inequality of Opportunity occurs where differences in individual possession of wealth, status and power result in definite advantages and disadvantages in the pursuit of personal success.
What is the meaning of inequality of condition?
Inequality of condition, Inequality of opportunity, Social Inequality. Equality of condition is also known as equality of outcome. Equality of condition is a form of egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or households in a society.
What do you mean by equality of condition?
EQUALITY OF CONDITION. Equality of condition is also known as equality of outcome. Equality of condition is a form of egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or households in a society . Where there is very little difference in individuals' possession of wealth,...
What is meant by equality of outcome?
Equality of outcome, equality of condition, or equality of results is a political concept which is central to some political ideologies and is used in some political discourse, often in contrast to the term equality of opportunity. [2]
What is the condition of equality?
The equality condition of a non-strict inequality is when all the variables are such that the sides of the inequality are equal. Equality conditions can be used in optimization problems.
What is equality of condition example?
If we imagine that equality of opportunity and equality of condition are kinds of ideal types at opposite poles, with a spectrum of variations in between, then the picture might look something like this: under 'equality of condition' everyone would experience the same life outcomes: equal incomes, equal standards of ...
What is equality of outcome in sociology?
It describes a state in which all people have approximately the same material wealth and income, or in which the general economic conditions of everyone's lives are alike.
What is the difference between equality of opportunity and equality of conditions?
What's the difference between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome? Equality of outcome looks to ensure people who are disadvantaged are making gains. Equality of opportunity looks to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities to make those gains.
What is the Marx theory on equality?
Based on the supposition that under like social conditions, each person realizes, in principle (as a value), equal work in the same period of time, Marx sees in work not only the substance common to all goods, but the unit of measure of well-being in society.
What is equality of opportunity in sociology?
Equality of opportunity is a highly generic term within political ideology that refers to policies and schemes designed to improve life chances to everyone regardless of their social background.
What is equality of outcome in simple words?
Equality of Outcome requires that individuals have some share of goods, not merely a chance to obtain them without the hindrance of some obstacles.
What are equality of conditions according to Tocqueville?
The eagerness to extract the political message from Tocqueville often overlooks his important sociological insights. Tocqueville argues that democracy or equality of conditions is the central, ineluctable tendency in modern western societies, and it worries him: Though it seems inevitable, it is fraught with dangers.
Why is the equality of opportunity important?
Freedom and equality are foundational values that we draw upon when envisioning a better society. Equality of opportunity is a social ideal that combines concern with freedom and equality, and this social ideal provides a vision of how we ought to live together.
What are some examples of equal opportunity?
An example of an equal opportunity employment issue is wages. Paying someone less because of discrimination is unacceptable. If someone is doing the same work just as well as another staff member, they should be getting paid the same for that work. That's regardless of gender, age, and other factors.
What is an example of equality of outcome?
Equality of outcome meaning A potential equality of outcome example or equality of results example could be that every employee gets paid the same amount of money at work or that every workplace should consist of 50% women and 50% men. Regardless of who's more fit for the job or who performs better.
What are equality of conditions according to Tocqueville?
The eagerness to extract the political message from Tocqueville often overlooks his important sociological insights. Tocqueville argues that democracy or equality of conditions is the central, ineluctable tendency in modern western societies, and it worries him: Though it seems inevitable, it is fraught with dangers.
What is social and political equality?
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within a specific society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services.
What is sociological stratification?
Social stratification refers to a ranking of people or groups of people within a society. But the term was defined by the earliest sociologists as something more than the almost universal inequalities that exist in all but the least complex of societies.
Who invented egalitarianism?
John Locke is sometimes considered the founder of this form. Many state constitutions in the United States also use the rights of man language rather than rights of person since the noun man has always been a reference to and an inclusion of both men and women.
What is equality of condition?
Equality of condition is a form of egalitarianism which seeks to reduce or eliminate differences in material condition between individuals or households in a society . Americans are used to considering equality of condition and equality of opportunity as separate issues. Where there is very little difference in individuals' possession of wealth, ...
What is the difference between equality of condition and equality of opportunity?
Equality of condition is used in contrast to the term equality of opportunity. Inequality of condition occurs where individuals have very different amounts of wealth, status and power. Inequality of opportunity is the biggest social problem that is hurting children in the developing world.
What is Susan Hurley's fallacy?
In her contribution to this symposium, Susan Hurley cautions against a closely related fallacy: from the fact that people have come to an unequal condition through unchosen bad luck, it does not follow that, if we aim to undo the influence of unchosen luck, we ought to institute equality of condition.
Is equality of condition difficult?
Equality of condition is very difficult to achieve in complex societies. Equality of outcome and equality of results are synonimous to equality of condition. Equality of condition is a political concept which is central to certain political ideologies used regularly in political discourse. Equality of condition is used in contrast to ...
Why is equality important in political science?
When analyzing any phenomena, it helps to have a good idea what we want to achieve. In political science as in life, equality has great significance. Analysts tend to think quite differently from the general public, however, about what constitutes equality and how we should use the term.
What are the criticisms of absolute equality?
The most common criticisms of this ‘absolute equality’ are: It reduces the incentive to succeed, and 2. It distorts the value of things, leading to scarcities and gluts in supply. Society involves differential treatment. But these are practical criticisms, not questions of justice.
What was Marx's ideal form of equality?
However, under Marx’s vision of communism, the ideal form of equality actually allowed for differential rewards focusing on need rather than accomplishment or contribution . Contrary to popular belief, Marx did not advocate absolute equality of condition.
Why do people matter less?
They matter less because they create equal opportunities, and more because they clarify the legitimate grounds for treating people differently. The fact that people are all, in some way, treated differently by society still needs to be acknowledged by all participants in the equality debate.
Is equality of opportunity a virtue?
Equality of opportunity is a virtue when it is twinned with unequal outcomes. It is meaningless without it. What is the point of equality opportunity if success is discouraged by custom, law, or taxation?
What is inequality of condition?
Inequality of condition is a characteristic of complex modern societies. Authors distinguish economic inequality, meaning income inequality, monetary inequality or, inequality in living conditions. And some authors distinguish a rights-based, legalistic approach to inequality, which is inequality of rights and associated obligations. Much progress has been made on the study of inequality of condition than on the study of Inequality of Opportunity. Inequality of condition occurs where individuals have very different amounts of wealth, status and power. When it comes to general measurement of inequality of condition, inequality of consumption is probably more appropriate than inequality of income. Equality of condition is often present in small-scale, hunter-gatherer society. Inequality of Opportunity occurs where differences in individual possession of wealth, status and power result in definite advantages and disadvantages in the pursuit of personal success.
Is inequality of condition the same as opportunity?
But is not the same as two runners given an even start, and equally good tracks. Inequality of condition does not necessarily equal inequality of opportunity.
What is equality of outcome?
Equality of outcome, equality of condition, or equality of results is a political concept which is central to some political ideologies and is used in some political discourse, often in contrast to the term equality of opportunity. It describes a state in which all people have approximately the same material wealth and income, ...
Why is equality of outcome important?
According to professor of politics Ed Rooksby, the concept of equality of outcome is an important one in disputes between differing political positions, since equality has overall been seen as positive and an important concept which is "deeply embedded in the fabric of modern politics". Conflict between so-called haves and have-nots has happened ...
Why is there a moral underpinning for equality?
In his 1987 book The Passion for Equality, analyst Kenneth Cauthen suggested that there were moral underpinnings for having equal outcomes because there is a common good—which people both contribute to and receive benefits from— and therefore should be enjoyed in common. Cauthen argued that this was a fundamental basis for both equality of opportunity as well as equality of outcome..
What is equal results?
Achieving equal results generally entails reducing or eliminating material inequalities between individuals or households in a society and usually involves a transfer of income or wealth from wealthier to poorer individuals, or adopting other measures to promote equality of condition.
Which libertarians believe in equality of outcome?
American libertarians and advocates of economic liberalism such as Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman tend to see equality of outcome negatively and argue that any effort to cause equal outcomes would necessarily and unfortunately involve coercion by government. Friedman wrote that striving for equality of outcome leaves most people "without equality and without opportunity".
When did Fabian give his first public lecture on economic equality?
Following major lectures on equality in 1910 and 1913, he gave his fullest exposition of economic equality in a series of six highly publicized Fabian public lectures at the end of 1914, “On Redistribution of Income”—a phrase, as he put it at the time, that he wanted to get into circulation.
Is equality of outcomes good?
If equality of outcomes is seen as beneficial for society and if people have differing levels of material wealth and social prestige in the present, then methods to transform a society towards one with greater equality of outcomes is problematic. A mainstream view is that mechanisms to achieve equal outcomes—to take a society and with unequal socioeconomic levels and force it to equal outcomes—are fraught with moral as well as practical problems since they often involve political coercion to compel the transfer.
