What are the 8 stages of development by Erik Erikson?
- Infancy – Basic trust versus mistrust
- Toddler – Autonomy versus shame and doubt
- Preschool-age – Initiative versus guilt
- School-age – Industry versus inferiority
- Adolescence – Identity versus identity confusion
- Young adulthood – Intimacy versus isolation
- Middle age – Generativity versus stagnation
- Older adulthood – Integrity versus despair
What does Erikson mean by Integrity vs despair?
- Stage 1 : Trust vs. Mistrust (from birth to 12 month)
- Stage 2 : Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (from ages 1 to 3 years)
- Stage 3 : Initiative vs. Guilt (from ages 3 to 6 years)
- Stage 4 : Industry vs. Inferiority (from ages 6 to 12 years)
- Stage 5 : Identity vs. ...
- Stage 6 : Intimacy vs. ...
- Stage 7 : Generativity vs. ...
- Stage 8 : Ego Integrity vs. ...
Is Erik Erikson an ego psychologist?
Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego. He developed a theory of psychosocial stages where he believed a crisis occurs at each of the eight stages of development. Erik Erikson was influenced by Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego, but unlike Freud, Erikson believed that the ego develops as a result of successfully resolving crises in eight distinct stages ...
What is Trust vs mistrust by Erikson?
- Believing in caregivers
- Trusting that the world is safe
- Knowing that needs will be met
What is the conflict of integrity versus despair?
Psychologist Erik Erikson identified the critical conflict at this point in life as 'Ego Integrity vs. Despair. ' This involves reflecting on one's life and either moving into feeling satisfied and happy with one's life or feeling a deep sense of regret.
What is Stage 4 of Erikson's theory?
Erikson's fourth stage of identity typically occurs between the ages of 7-13 and involves industry vs. inferiority. When a child successfully navigates this stage, they develop competency. Competency becomes a big part of confidence as we develop in life and plays a strong role in the next stage of identity.
What are the 8 stages of Erikson's theory?
Understanding Erikson's 8 Stages of DevelopmentInfancy – Basic trust versus mistrust.Toddler – Autonomy versus shame and doubt.Preschool-age – Initiative versus guilt.School-age – Industry versus inferiority.Adolescence – Identity versus identity confusion.Young adulthood – Intimacy versus isolation.More items...•
What is the industry versus inferiority stage?
Industry vs. Inferiority is the stage in which children enter into the greater society beyond the family for the first time. If they succeed in navigating this stage, then they are able to develop a meaningful social role to give back to society.
What is the fourth psychosocial stage?
Inferiority. The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from approximately ages 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.
What is an example of initiative vs guilt?
For example, a child may choose the roles for themselves or others within a game. This is the beginning of initiative. The guilt comes into play when children make mistakes while navigating these positions. Learning the subtleties of getting others to cooperate without being bossy is trial and error.
What is an example of industry vs inferiority?
Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their abilities. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.
What is an example of identity vs confusion?
During the stage of identity versus role confusion, parents and teachers alike may face adolescents who are exerting more independence through defiant or rebellious actions and testing limits and boundaries such as purposely exceeding curfews, failing to complete homework or chores, or dressing or acting in a way a ...
Who is Erikson?
Erikson is a German-American psychologist who developed eight stages of psychosocial development. These stages don’t just involve how a person interacts with the world - the world’s perception of the person, and their place within the world, also come into account. The identity crisis, Erikson says, happens around adolescence.
What does it mean when you feel despair?
Despair is a strong word: it’s defined as “the complete loss or absence of hope.”. At the age of 65 and up, despair is not a great feeling to have.
What did Erikson believe about the conflict of ego integrity vs despair?
Erikson believed that people at different stages of life are likely to experience similar and relatively predictable psychological conflicts and that the conflict of ego integrity vs. despair is one of those conflicts. In those entering late adulthood, Erikson argued, there is a tendency to reflect on one's life and choices ...
What is Erikson's theory of ego integrity?
While the individual circumstances of a person's life are important when it comes to overcoming psychosocial challenges, Erikson's theory also leaves a lot of room for people to experience ego integrity or despair depending on their personal approach to their own lives.
What is the main element of ego integrity?
One of the main elements of ego integrity, according to Erikson, is the establishment of ego differentiation, meaning the creation of identity that is not related to a career or to child-rearing.
What does ego integrity mean?
Ego integrity means a clear sense of self and an acceptance of life experiences. Jamie is 70 years old. She has retired from her job and her daughter has grown up. Although her life is different from the way it used to be, Jamie feels happy with her current life and feels proud of her accomplishments.
Which of the following argues that self-actualization cannot occur before basic needs are met?
Maslow argues that self-actualization cannot occur before basic needs are met, while Erikson argues that ego integrity cannot occur before the other seven stages of life are achieved. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of eight stages of psychosocial development, the last of which is a conflict between ego integrity and despair.
What does Erikson say about late adulthood?
In those entering late adulthood, Erikson argued, there is a tendency to reflect on one's life and choices and to respond to those memories with either a sense of pride and satisfaction or a sense of despair.
How does Jamie experience body transcendence?
Though she is less active than she used to be, Jamie experiences body transcendence by accepting the physical limitations of her body and finding joy in her appearance and physical reality.
What is the final stage of Erikson's theory?
The final stage of Erikson's (1982) theory is later adulthood (age 60 years and older). The crisis represented by this last life stage is integrity versus despair. Erikson (1982) proposes that this stage begins when the individual experiences a sense of mortality.
What is despair in psychology?
Conversely, despair is the result of the negative resolution or lack of resolution of the final life crisis. This negative resolution manifests itself as a fear of death, a sense that life is too short, and depression. Despair is the last dystonic element in Erikson's (1959, 1982) theory.
How many stages of personality development are there?
According to Erikson's theory, personality development goes through a series of eight, hierarchically ordered stages . Associated with each stage is a psychosocial crisis that the individual either successfully resolves or fails to resolve.
What is the outcome of a life-career reminiscence?
The outcome of this life-career reminiscence can be either positive or negative. Ego integrity is the result of the positive resolution of the final life crisis. Ego integrity is viewed as the key to harmonious personality development; the individual views their whole of life with satisfaction and contentment.
Why is Erik Erikson's work important?
Many of us who are aged, while we appreciate psychoanalyst Erik Erikson's pioneering work on identifying developmental stages, need help beyond "integrity versus despair," because 50 is no longer old and the concept of aging has changed.
Who identified the developmental stages of the elderly?
Here we will consider the four stages identified by Gene Cohen , a student of Erikson, in his 2006 book, The Mature Mind: The Positive Power of the Aging Brain.
What is the process of aging associated with?
Call it wisdom. Although the process of aging is associated with some memory loss and some slower thinking, Cohen reminds us to consider that many declines in mental abilities are caused not by birthdays but by disease, mental illness, depression, stress, unhealthy lifestyles, and injuries.
What is phase 3 in autobiography?
Phase III is a time of review and resolution and heralds a desire to give back. The review is of one's life with recognition of its meaning. It is a time of putting photos in albums, of writing memoirs. It may be that the richness of the autobiographical activities is aided by the ability to use the left and the right sides of the brain simultaneously. The left side is mostly used by young adults. Cohen speculates that the brain "relishes" the summing-up activities.
What is the age of wisdom?
Erikson's old age, the age of wisdom, started at 50. In his 1950 book, Childhood and Society, Erikson called the eighth stage of development, old age, a crisis of integrity versus despair, a stage of generalization of sensual modes with the basic strength of wisdom.
What is developmental intelligence?
the degree to which a person has manifested his or her unique neurological, emotional, intellectual, and psychological capacities. ... More specifically, development al intelligence reflects the maturing synergy of cognition, emotional intelligence, judgment, social skills, life experience, and consciousness.
Do older people adapt better to their conditions?
The bottom line: people become better at adapting to their conditions as they get older. Regardless of their health status, older people typically are better prepared—in terms of both satisfaction with life and coping capacities—to face the vicissitudes of aging. For me this book is a yes! It is so freeing.
