Ethical decision-making process:
- Look for and identify ethical issues. What feels wrong?
- Obtain unbiased facts and look for distorted or missing information.
- Identify the stakeholders and their motivation and influence. Understand situational factors.
- Identify the values and look for competing values.
- Seek additional assistance and foster open discussion. ...
- Formulate solutions using best-known ethical frameworks as a guide.
What are the three main models of ethical decision making?
What are three ethical principles that may provide some guidance for ethical responsibility?
- Management Responsibility.
- Reasonable Occurrence.
- Methods of data processing.
- Limitations.
What are the steps of the ethical reasoning process?
- Establish the facts in a situation.
- Decide whether the situation involves legal or ethical issues.
- Identify your options and possible consequences.
- Evaluate your options.
- Choose the best option.
- Implement your decision.
What is the first essential step toward ethical decision making?
Understanding Ethics
- Know the Facts. Before tackling an ethical issue, clearly define the nature of the challenge. ...
- Identify the Required Information. You don’t know what you don’t know. ...
- List the Concerns. Now it’s time to explore all of the factors that can influence a decision. ...
- Develop Possible Resolutions. ...
- Evaluate the Resolutions. ...
- Recommend an Action. ...
What are the approaches to ethical decision making?
What are the common approaches for ethical decision-making?
- Utilitarian Approach. What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead to the best overall consequences?
- Rights Approach.
- Fairness/Justice Approach.
- Common Good Approach.
- Virtue Approach.
What are the 6 steps in the ethical decision making process?
Terms in this set (6)Identify the ethical Dilemma. most critical step. ... Collect info. gather information to make an informed decision. ... State the options. Brainstorming to identify all possible options. ... Apply the Ethical principles to the options. ... Make the decision. ... Implement the Decision.
What are the five 5 ethical decision making process?
Their framework for Ethical Decision making includes: Recognize the Ethical Issue, Get the Facts, Evaluate Alternative Actions, Make a Decision and Test it, Act and Reflect on the Outcome.
What are the 9 steps in the ethical decision making process?
Nine Basic Steps to Personal Ethical Decision MakingPractice ethical behavior actively. ... Beware of "new" ethics programs. ... Define the ethical problem when it arises. ... Formulate alternatives. ... Evaluate the alternatives. ... Seek additional assistance, as appropriate. ... Choose the best ethical alternative.More items...
What is an example of ethical decision making?
Ethical behavior suggests someone is honest and forthright in communications whether written or oral. A salesperson explaining potential problems with a product is being honest. A customer service representative taking responsibility for failing to follow through with a service action is making an ethical decision.
What are the 7 principles of ethical decision making?
In brief these are: 1) modify human practices when possible; 2) justify the need for control; 3) have clear and achievable outcome-based objectives; 4) cause the least harm to animals; 5) consider community values and scientific information; 6) include long-term systematic management; and 7) base control on the ...
Why is ethical decision making important?
It can bring you business – when you make ethical decisions you consider the feelings and needs of others. Treating your customers with respect is an ethical decision you can make. In many cases this will return to by having others refer you. Being ethical helps build trust.
What are the 10 steps in ethical decision making?
1 - GATHER THE FACTS. □ Don't jump to conclusions without the facts. ... 2 – DEFINE THE ETHICAL ISSUE(S) ... 3 – IDENTIFY THE AFFECTED PARTIES. ... 4 – IDENTIFY THE CONSEQUENCES. ... 5 – IDENTIFY THE RELEVANT PRINCIPLES,6 – CONSIDER YOUR CHARACTER &7 – THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT POTENTIAL.8 – CHECK YOUR GUT.More items...
What is the first step in an ethical decision making process?
Step 1: Identify the Facts Given that ethical issues often arise because of a lack of sufficient information or evidence, as well as disagreements about the facts, the first step in the ethical decision-making process is an explicit call for identification of the facts.
What are the 8 steps in ethical decision making?
The eight steps are as follows: 1) identify the problem or dilemma, 2) identify the potential issues involved, 3) review the relevant ethical codes, 4) know the applicable laws and regulations, 5) obtain consultation, 6) consider possible and probable course of action, 7) enumerate the consequences of various decisions ...
What are everyday ethical decisions examples?
16 Real-Life Examples of Ethical DilemmasShould parents monitor teens' social media activities? ... Reporting an accident.Ghosting in the workplace.Medical care versus religious beliefs.Misinterpret data deliberately?Share my political leanings and risk losing clients?Internet dilemmas.More items...•
What are 3 factors you should consider when making an ethical decision?
Three of the important components of ethical decision making are individual factors, organizational relationships, and opportunity.
What are ethical issues in decision-making?
Ethics in decision making impacts the choices for words and actionsRight motivation with right action.Right motivation with wrong action.Wrong motivation with right action.Wrong motivation with wrong action.
What is the first step in ethical decision making?
Step 1: Identify the Facts Given that ethical issues often arise because of a lack of sufficient information or evidence, as well as disagreements about the facts, the first step in the ethical decision-making process is an explicit call for identification of the facts.
What are the ethical decision making models in nursing?
The provisions are based on the four main principles of nursing ethics — nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice — as explained in the book Nursing Ethical Considerations.
What is the last step of the ethical decision making process?
The last stage of this process is the adaptation stage. In this stage, the clinician will look to adapt the selection or solution of the ethical dilemma by refining it, or by returning to the evaluation and selection stages to find and choose a better solution.
What are the 4 ethical systems?
Four broad categories of ethical theory include deontology, utilitarianism, rights, and virtues. The deontological class of ethical theories states that people should adhere to their obliga- tions and duties when engaged in decision making when ethics are in play.
Principles of Ethical Decision Making
The principles of ethical decision-making are considerations taken into account during dilemmas and can be used to solve conflicting issues. They include the following:
Identifying Ethical Dimensions
This is the first step in ethical decision-making. Identifying Ethical Dimensions refers to understanding whether the problem on hand requires an ethical analysis or not. For example, if one is deciding whether they should put snacks in the office or not, it is not an issue with ethical significance and does not require an ethical analysis.
Collecting Relevant Information
In the second step, collecting relevant information is required. All relevant information, including existing regulations, principles, and policies in an organization or within an individual, should be collected alongside the decision one is trying to make for further analysis.
Evaluating The Collected Information
After collecting all relevant information, it is important to evaluate the collected information is evaluated in terms of relevant ethical guidelines.
Why is ethical decision making important?
The ethical decision-making process. While values are the foundation of ethical behavior, an ethical decision-making process lends clarity to difficult situations. Following the process guides decision-makers through problems to reach a workable solution. Using this model helps avoid unethical alternatives and unattractive consequences.
What are the steps of decision making?
Here are some definitions to help you work through the steps: Facts: The answers to who, what, when, where, why, and how. Be careful about jumping to conclusions or making assumptions. Ethical Issue: The ethical question to be resolved.
What is ethical framework?
Ethical Framework: A code or set or rules that can be used to make decisions. Of course, there are many disagreements about which framework to use! Read more about ethics frameworks here.
What Is Ethical Decision-Making?
In business, ethical decision-making is a strategy that prioritizes moral principles as a set of standards, rather than economic considerations, for making business decisions.
How to Make Ethical Decisions
Though there is not a single framework for making ethical decisions, each ethical decision-making model incorporates these four core steps:
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What is Ethical Decision-Making and Why Does It Matter?
Ethics is about how people treat each other, how they build trustworthy organizations, how they create just societies.
What is ethics in everyday life?
Ethics is about how people treat each other, how they build trustworthy organizations, how they create just societies.
What is Markkula Center for Ethics?
The Markkula Center for Applied Ethics bring s these traditions of ethical thinking to bear on real world problems. It has programs focusing on ethics in health care, business, technology, journalism, government, leadership, and other areas.
What is a virtue approach?
A virtue approach requires leaders to base ethical standards on universal virtues such as honesty, courage, compassion, tolerance, and many others. Principles that are chosen should cause people to strive to be their better selves and wonder if an inappropriate action will negatively impact their inherent desire to be kind to others.
Why do leaders need to do initial analysis?
Some initial analysis has to happen for leaders to truly understand where they need to bring in ethical principles. Leaders need to decide why an ethical decision needs to be made and the outcomes that are desired for the decision.
What is ethical decision making?
An ethical decision-making model is a framework that leaders use to bring these principles to the company and ensure they are followed.
Why is it important to have ethical standards?
Leaders have to develop ethical standards that employees in their company will be required to adhere to. This can help move the conversation toward using a model to decide when someone is in violation of ethics. There are five sources of ethical standards: Utilitarian.
How to build trust in leadership?
Build trust and improve leadership communication by sharing regular updates and reasoning behind your decisions.
What is the purpose of the rights approach?
The intent is for people to be treated fairly and with dignity and not as a means to an end. Fairness.
Why should leaders strive to protect the well-being of those around them?
This ethical standard puts a lot of emphasis on relationships, and how compassion for the fellow man should drive people to do good by others.
Why is ethical behavior a complex matter?
Ethical behavior is a complex matter because stakeholder interests often conflict, ethical values are unclear, benefits and harms are difficult to evaluate, and the rights of one group might interfere with the rights of others. An ethical decision-making process as described above provides a roadmap to ethical behavior.
How many questions should we ask when trying to resolve an ethical issue?
How, exactly, should we think through the alternatives? What questions should we ask? What factors should we consider? Classic ethical reasoning methods suggest that once we have ascertained the facts, we should ask ourselves five questions when trying to resolve an ethical issue:
What is the front page test?
Front- page test. Ask how you would feel if your decision made it to the front page of the local newspaper. If you feel uncomfortable about it, then you should consider choosing another alternative.
How does utilitarianism impact ethical decisions?
Utilitarianism makes ethical decision making easy once the outcomes have been projected. Will this project potentially harm the local water source? What will that cost in terms of clean up or quality of life? Will building a factory create jobs? After asking a series of questions like this, the outcomes are estimated to total impact or good, however that is defined in your ethical dilemma. However, this ethical framework has two primary limitations. First, the concept of utility (or good) is not always easily defined. Financial analysts can project income and net present values of decisions, and these decisions are easy to make once the numbers are in. But how do you estimate how much satisfaction something will bring? If a decision is going to result in the loss of life, how much is a human life worth? How do you estimate the impact a decision has on the community’s culture? Determining utility and then calculating is easy in some cases, but in most it becomes a major challenge to using this framework. The second challenge for utilitarianism is that maximizing the greatest good for most, might result in the sacrifice of a few. A classic example of utilitarianism is the layoff decision. We need to lay off thirty people so that the company stays solvent, and continues to provide jobs for the remaining seventy people. In this case the company stays solvent, but the thirty workers now struggle to provide for their families. Another example is a mass casualty incident. If a trauma ward is overrun with cases, the lead doctor must make decisions about which patients receive immediate care and which ones must be put aside. In this situation, the doctor is trying to save the most human life, which might result in patients with less serious injuries have to wait hours in pain to be treated.
What is the purpose of the chapter on ethical decision making?
The purpose of this chapter is to: 1) Outline the decision making process. 2) Explain the nature of ethical decision making. 3) Provide ethical frameworks used in making decision making.
Why is the law insufficient?
The short answer is that the law is an insufficient means to regulate our ethical decision making. There are two primary reasons for this. First, the law gives us bare minimums in terms of safety, human dignity, and respect of rights. However, most ethical dilemmas are navigated well above these elements.
Why do we jump right into the middle of the gray area?
We naturally jump right into the middle of the gray area because we know the extremes and the fringes of the gray area are not worth pursuing. It is in the gray area that we must navigate, using ethical decision making to figure out the best solution. We can achieve good decision making using ethical frameworks.
What is the first challenge in decision making?
Identify the Problem. The first challenge in decision making is working to understand what the problem is . Ineffective managers focus on the symptoms without identifying the underlying issues. A child with a runny nose does not have a runny nose problem, she has an infectious disease causing a running nose.
Why is the law not a good standard?
We put in place laws that allowed for the forced sterilization of 60,000 Americans that the government determined were unworthy of reproduction.
How does an intuitive decision maker make decisions?
The intuitive decision maker simply “knows” what the problem and alternatives are before acting. A manager using analytical tools might uncover new insights from trying to really figure out what the problem is. A democratic manager will rely on the use of the team to work through understanding the problem and figuring out alternative courses of action.