The mind, they said, takes elements from outside the head and draws them into the thinking process. These mental “extensions” allow us to think in ways our brains couldn’t manage on their own. They called this phenomenon “the extended mind.”
What is the extended mind hypothesis?
Applying the Extended Mind ideas to social interactions, we can suddenly consider other people as part of our own thinking. The Extended Mind Hypothesis suggests that thinking doesn't just occur in the brain. Source: Photo by Christina Morillo from Pexels.
Is the mind extended?
So you could read the claim that the mind is “extended” as just the denial of Cartesian Dualism, just the claim that, contrary to Descartes, the mind occupies space after all. Of course, that topic has been beaten to death by now.
How do we extend our mind?
The mind, they said, takes elements from outside the head and draws them into the thinking process. These mental “extensions” allow us to think in ways our brains couldn’t manage on their own. They called this phenomenon “the extended mind.” 2. We extend the mind with the body.
What is Descartes'extended mind?
The Extended Mind. Descartes, for example, distinguished what he called thinking substance –the mind -- from what he called extended substance – material objects that occupy space. So you could read the claim that the mind is “extended” as just the denial of Cartesian Dualism, just the claim that, contrary to Descartes,...
What are the 4 Dok levels?
Webb's Depth of Knowledge (DoK)Level 1 (Acquired knowledge) involves recall and reproduction. Remembering facts or defining a procedure.Level 2 (Knowledge Application) are skills and concepts. ... Level 3 (Analysis) involves strategic thinking. ... Level 4 (Augmentation) is extended thinking.
How do you extend your learning?
10 Strategies for Extending the Learning.Help Children See Themselves as Thinkers. ... Respond to Curiosity. ... Use Mirror Talk. ... Have Conversations. ... Inspire Imaginative Play. ... Solve Problems Together. ... Use Rich Vocabulary.More items...•
What are Dok's?
Depth of knowledge (DOK) refers to the level of understanding required to answer a question or perform an activity. This concept is most often applied to the thinking that students do during assessment and other standards-driven evaluation.
What is Webb's depth of knowledge?
Webb's Depth of Knowledge (DOK) provides a vocabulary and a frame of reference when thinking about our students and how they engage with the content. DOK offers a common language to understand "rigor," or cognitive demand, in assessments, as well as curricular units, lessons, and tasks.
Why is extended learning important?
ELOs are an effective way to level the playing field. “For students who need extra support to be successful academically, what happens before and after school can be as important as what happens during the school day” (NEA Policy Brief, 2008).
What does it mean to extend your learning?
Also called extended learning time, the term expanded learning time refers to any educational program or strategy intended to increase the amount of time students are learning, especially for the purposes of improving academic achievement and test scores, or reducing learning loss, learning gaps, and achievement gaps.
What is the highest level of knowledge?
CreativityCreativity is the highest level of knowledge. A person who can create new knowledge is competent with existing knowledge on a topic, and can create new knowledge that extends upon what they already know.
What are the two levels of knowledge?
Levels of KnowledgeLevels of Knowledge.• Factual Knowledge – The basic elements students must know to be acquainted with a.discipline or solve problems.• Conceptual Knowledge – The interrelationships among the basic elements within a larger.structure that enable them to function together.More items...
How do you increase rigor?
5 Strategies to Increase Rigor and Engagement in the ClassroomUse Questions to Hook 'em Early. ... Challenge Students After Reading with Discussion Questions. ... Ask Students to Compare Videos & Texts. ... Do Cross-Textual Analysis with Paired Texts. ... Many Texts, Same Topic.
What is the difference between depth of knowledge and Bloom's taxonomy?
In my opinion Bloom's Taxonomy is a tool for teacher planning because it helps teachers with the planning of the lesson because it uses the verb stems that correlate with the cognitive (thinking) level for the lesson and Webb's Depth of Knowledge focuses more on the cognitive level of the product or activities for the ...
What is the highest level of knowledge in Bloom's taxonomy?
Level 7: Create Creating includes reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure through planning. This is the highest and most advanced level of Bloom's Taxonomy.
Why is depth of knowledge important?
Depth of Knowledge helps us conceptualize cognitive rigor by breaking down and categorizing the different thought processes needed to correctly solve a problem. By breaking down and distinguishing between the level of thought, or DoK required for each question, educators can further pinpoint student comprehension.
How do you extend student learning in the classroom?
Strategies for Extending Students in the ClassroomIdentifying Students with High Potential. ... Differentiation in Action. ... The Needs of Students. ... Employing a Daily Challenge. ... Models of Giftedness. ... Finding the Gaps. ... Co-Teaching Formations. ... Working with Students with Diverse Learning Needs.More items...•
What are extended learning activities?
Expanded learning opportunities (ELOs) provided by schools and community based organizations (CBOs) create enriching experiences for youth after-school and in the summer with activities that complement and support classroom-based instruction. Examples of ELO programs include clubs, field trips, and tutoring programs.
How will you extend the interest of study in student?
Try as hard as you can to find a way to relate the subject to their daily lives. It will make it much more likely for them to be invested in what you are explaining. For example, if the subject is literature, try to show what they can learn from the characters’ behaviour that they can apply to their own lives.
How can an advanced student extend learning?
Consider pre-assessments, extension activities, and compacting the curriculum. Use phrases like "You've shown you don't need more practice" or "You need more practice" instead of words like "qualify" or "eligible" when referring to extension work. Encourage high-ability students to take on challenges.
Where does the mind reside?
You might think that there’s an easy answer to that question, especially if you are a thoroughly modern materialist. Materialists think that the mind is simply the brain working and that The brain resides in the skull. Hence the mind resides in the skull. QED.
What is the mind that Descartes called?
Descartes, for example, distinguished what he called thinking substance –the mind -- from what he called extended substance – material objects that occupy space. So you could read the claim that the mind is “extended” as just the denial of Cartesian Dualism, just the claim that, contrary to Descartes, the mind occupies space after all. Of course, that topic has been beaten to death by now. Plus, even if we grant that the mind occupies space, there’s still a big question. Just where in space is the mind?
Is there a boundary between the mind and the body?
There is no fixed boundary between the mind and the body. And if you start down this route, there won’t be any reason to stop at the boundaries of the body. The structure of the environment is at least as important to the nature of cognition as the body.
Why is drawing on the resources of the extended mind important?
Drawing on the resources of the extended mind allows the brain to “overachieve,” to do more than would be possible on its own. In fact, we can think of experts among us as those people who have mastered the art of thinking outside the brain. Research shows that top performers don’t do it all in their heads; they achieve their superior results by integrating internal and external resources.
What is the best way to think?
So often, we assume that real thinking—serious thinking—is done alone, bent over a book or a notepad. But in fact, humans think best when they are interacting with others. Social activities like debating, storytelling, and teaching activate mental processes that remain dormant when we’re by ourselves. In fact, when we structure our interactions with others in the right way, we can actually engage a kind of group mind—a collective entity that is more intelligent than any one of its members.
What is the third kind of movement?
Third, a specific kind of movement—the gestures we make with our hands— extend our thinking by capturing and expressing concepts that we can’t yet put into words. Research shows that our most advanced, most cutting-edge ideas often show up first in the motions of our hands—motions that we then use to inform and construct a verbal account of what we’re thinking.
Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world begin?
More than 20 years ago, two philosophers, Andy Clark and David Chalmers, wrote a journal article that opened with a question: “Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world begin?” Now, that question would seem to have an obvious answer, right? The mind stops at the head. It’s contained within the skull. But Clark and Chalmers maintained that this assumption—as common as it is—is wrong. The mind, they said, takes elements from outside the head and draws them into the thinking process. These mental “extensions” allow us to think in ways our brains couldn’t manage on their own. They called this phenomenon “the extended mind.”
What happens when you think outside the brain?
When we intentionally cultivate the capacity to think outside the brain, a new world of possibility opens up; we gain access to reserves of intuition, memory, attention, and motivation that are not available to the naked brain. In order to think the intelligent, informed, original thoughts we’re capable of, we can’t rely on the brain alone. We have to think outside the brain.
Is thinking a body experience?
But a burgeoning field called “embodied cognition” is demonstrating that thinking is actually a full-body experience. This is true in a few different ways.
What is semantic approach?
The semantic approach is all about using terms that are not so emotionally loaded. For instance, use flexible words like ‘rarely’ instead of inflexible ones like ‘never.’ Other examples include:
What is faulty thinking in psychology?
Faulty thinking involves errors that are sometimes hard to spot because we get used to think in a certain way. In Chapter 3 you became acquainted with two very common ways of faulty thinking, “Catastrophizing” and “All or Nothing Thinking.”
What are the two ways of faulty thinking?
In Chapter 3 you became acquainted with two very common ways of faulty thinking, “Catastrophizing” and “All or Nothing Thinking.”. Here are 10 more ways of faulty thinking, along with examples to make it easier for you to spot them: 1. Overgeneralization:
How to describe your feelings?
People often use vague and imprecise words to describe their feelings. For instance, if your partner lied to you, don’t just be ‘angry’ and say to yourself that you are angry. Be more specific and choose the words that best describe your current feelings. Maybe you are disappointed and feel let down and are also angry with yourself for trusting him and now feel as if you were stupid to do so? Try using specific terms to understand your thoughts and feelings. This will teach you to analyze things as they are instead of broadening them.
What is emotional reasoning?
Emotional Reasoning: Emotional reasoning is taking feelings as facts and basing your decisions and actions upon them. For example, you feel guilty about having spent so much money on some sports equipment for yourself and then you criticize your partner for having spent a bit more money on some new clothes.
Is it normal to have faulty thinking?
It’s absolutely normal for us humans to run into some of these ways of faulty thinking while observing our thoughts.
What is strategic thinking?
Though we can’t put our finger on it, strategic thinking sounds more like using intuition in a methodical way rather than going with your gut.
When is the best time to do strategic thinking?
The best time to do strategic thinking is when you’re most focused and alert. So it is no brainer to avoid making important decisions or thinking about them when feeling tired or lousy.
What is tactic strategy?
Tactics is knowing what to do when there is something to do. Strategy is knowing what to do when there is nothing to do.
What is a tactic?
Tactics are the steps you take to reach a goal. They’re more specific than vision, and they’re what will get you from point A to point B. The tactics should have an end and a beginning. They shouldn’t be ongoing projects or initiatives without a defined end.
Is strategy trendy?
It’s difficult to find a space in life where the word strategy isn’t used. The term is trendy in business circles. Suppose you start paying attention to some of the statements around the word “strategy” in your organization or the media. In that case, you will realize that it seems to mean different things to different people.
Is strategic thinking hard to understand?
You can also find many definitions of “strategic thinking” on Google. It is hard to understand how these different concepts relate to us. Maybe that vagueness also contributes to the perception that it is a difficult skill to master.
Is a strategic plan a daunting undertaking?
In my experience, strategic plans are as important at a personal level as they are at an organizational level and drawing up a strategic plan is not a daunting undertaking. So, next time you face a challenge, consider approaching it strategically using a strategic planning tool of your choice.