What is the meaning of the word filamentous?
Define filamentous. filamentous synonyms, filamentous pronunciation, filamentous translation, English dictionary definition of filamentous. n. 1. A fine or very thin thread or fiber: filaments of cloth; filaments of flax. 2. A slender or threadlike structure or part, especially: a.
What is filiform in medical terms?
Composed of filaments or threadlike structures. adjective Referring to, forming or consisting of filaments. Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Threadlike in structure. Synonym (s): filiform (1) . 2. Composed of filaments or threadlike structures. Synonym (s): filaceous, filar (2) .
What does composed of filaments mean?
Composed of filaments or threadlike structures. adjective Referring to, forming or consisting of filaments. Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc.
What is filamentous algae?
Filamentous algae starts growing along the bottom in shallow water or attached to structures in the water (like rocks or other aquatic plants). Often, filamentous algae floats to the surface forming large mats, which are commonly referred to as “Pond scums.”. There are many species of filamentous algae and often more than one species will be ...
What does filamentous mean?
: a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage especially : an elongated thin series of cells attached one to another or a very long thin cylindrical single cell (as of some algae, fungi, or bacteria) Other Words from filament. filamentous \ ˌfil-ə-ˈment-əs \ adjective.
What is filamentous structure?
Filamentous structures have been found in cytoplasmic vacuoles in paragonial cells in males of these and other similar strains and their hybrids. These structures, which contain RNA, possess a helical substructure and resemble certain viruses.
Which of the following has filamentous body?
Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread-like hyphae.
Which fungi is not filamentous?
YeastYeast is the only unicellular fungus and does not show filamentous nature. It is a microscopic fungus consisting of a single oval cell that reproduces by budding.
What is the function of the filaments?
The filament is a thin tubular part of the stamen, which extends and supports the pollen sac at the top. The function of filaments in plants is to carry nutrients to the anther, where the pollen develops.
What is an example of filamentous bacteria?
The most commonly encountered filamentous bacteria causing bulking problems belong to the Alphaproteobacteria ('Nostocoida'-like), the Gammaproteobacteria (Thiothrix and type 021N), the Actinobacteria (Candidatus'Microthrix', Mycolata) and the Chloroflexi (types 1851, 0041 and 0092).
Which fungi are filamentous?
The hyaline hyphomycetes, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, are septate molds that lack pigment in their hyphae, whereas dematiaceous fungi are yeast or filamentous fungi that are darkly pigmented.
Do fungi have filamentous bodies?
They are characterized by filamentous, vegetative cells called hyphae. A mass of hyphae forms the thallus (vegetative body) of the fungus, composed of mycelium.
What makes a fungi filamentous?
The majority of fungi form filamentous structure known as hyphae. These are multicellular structures with branching. Most of these hyphae extend in 3 dimensions through whatever they are growing in. Specialised hyphae are produced to allow vegetative (non-sexual) reproduction with spores or conidia.
What are fungal filaments called?
Like plants and animals, fungi are eukaryotic multicellular organisms. Unlike these other groups, however, fungi are composed of filaments called hyphae; their cells are long and thread-like and connected end-to-end, as you can see in the picture below.
What are 4 types of fungi?
Fungi are usually classified in four divisions: the Chytridiomycota (chytrids), Zygomycota (bread molds), Ascomycota (yeasts and sac fungi), and the Basidiomycota (club fungi). Placement into a division is based on the way in which the fungus reproduces sexually.
Is yeast a filamentous fungi?
Fungi generally display either of two growth modes, yeast-like or filamentous, whereas dimorphic fungi, upon environmental stimuli, are able to switch between the yeast-like and the filamentous growth mode.
What does filamentous mean in microbiology?
Filamentation is the abnormal growth of some bacteria in which cells do not separate but elongate and have multiple chromosomal copies. They grow in long thread-like strands.
What is the example of filamentous algae?
Spirogyra and Ulothrix are examples of filamentous algae. Spirogyra is free-floating green algae that can be found in ponds, lakes, and other freshwater environments. The vegetative structure of these algae is filamentous and unbranched. Ulothrix is a filamentous green algae genus found in both fresh and salt water.
What is colonial and filamentous?
Colonial organisms form a spherical cell mass while filamentous organisms form a thread-like structure by end to end arrangements of cells. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms can form both types of arrangements.
Does filamentous mean multicellular?
Filamentous bacteria can be viewed as a simple example of multicellular individuals.
Figure 17.1
A large filamentous body in layer 5 of the primary visual cortex of a 35 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of this structure is filled with thin filaments together with a few mitochondria. The origin of this structure cannot be determined from the image.
Figure 17.2
A small filamentous body in area 46 of a 23 year old monkey. The structure is filled with thin filaments and has some dense core vesicles at some parts of its periphery. There are no clues as to the origin of this structure.
Figure 17.2A
Filamentous body- dark green; axon terminals- lighter green; dendrites- blue; dendritic spines- gray; astrocytes- yellow.
Figure 17.3
A filamentous body in the primary visual cortex of a 35 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of this structure is filled with thin filaments, but on one side there is a cluster of synaptic vesicles where the filamentous body is forming an asymmetric synapse with a dendritic spine. Consequently this body must be an altered axon.
Figure 17.3A
A colorized version of figure 17.3. Filamentous body and other axon terminals- green; dendrites- blue; dendritic spines- gray; astrocytic processes- yellow.
Figure 17.4
A large filamentous body in the primary visual cortex of a 23 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of this structure is filled with thin filaments, but at one part of its periphery there is a cluster a synaptic vesicles (arrow) indicating that this structure is a modified axon.
Figure 17.5
A large filamentous body in the primary visual cortex of a 25 year old monkey. Much of the cytoplasm is filled with randomly oriented thin filaments, but on one side of the profile is a bundle of longitudinally oriented filaments (arrows). There is not enough definition to determine whether these are neurofilaments or astrocytic filaments.
What does "filament" mean?
adjective Referring to, forming or consisting of filaments.
What is the disease of the mandible?
Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of mandible or maxilla is diseases of cattle caused by the Gram positive branching filamentousmicroorganism, Actinomyces bovis (Militerno, 2008).
Is actinomyces a fungus?
Actinomyces have traditionally been classified as bacteria although they have some homology to fungi.1,2 These filamentousgram positive bacteria produce multiple abscesses and sinus tracts often producing a yellowish discharge termed "sulfur granules".2 Actinomycosis can affect many organ systems.
What is a filament?
fil·a·ment. (fĭl′ə-mənt) n. 1. A fine or very thin thread or fiber: filaments of cloth; filaments of flax. 2. A slender or threadlike structure or part, especially: a. A fine wire that is heated electrically to produce light in an incandescent lamp.
What is a long thin cellular structure characteristic of many fungi, usually having multiple nuclei and often?
A long thin cellular structure characteristic of many fungi, usually having multiple nuclei and often divided by septa. e. Any of various long thin celestial objects or phenomena, such as a solar filament.
What is the dark laminae in ooids?
Firstly, the dark laminae in several ooids most probably shows the remains of filamentous cyanobacteria taking part in the construction of ooids. The 2018 edition of the annual series reviewing recent advances in the study and management of plant diseases opens with papers assessing the combination of organic amendments with beneficial microbes ...
What is a filamentous fungus?
Filamentous fungi are typically saprophytic microorganisms which secrete a wide array of enzymes involved in the decomposition and recycling of complex biopolymers from both plant and animal tissues. From: Bioprocessing for Value-Added Products from Renewable Resources, 2007.
Why are filamentous fungi important?
Filamentous fungi are critical to production of many commercial enzymes and organic compounds. Fungal-based systems have several advantages over bacterial-based systems for protein production because high-level secretion of enzymes is a common trait of their decomposer lifestyle. Furthermore, in the large-scale production of recombinant proteins of eukaryotic origin, the filamentous fungi become the vehicle of choice due to critical processes shared in gene expression with other eukaryotic organisms. The complexity and relative dearth of understanding of the physiology of filamentous fungi, compared to bacteria, have hindered rapid development of these organisms as highly efficient factories for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review, we highlight several of the known benefits and challenges in using filamentous fungi (particularly Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma reesei, and Neurospora crassa) for the production of proteins, especially heterologous, nonfungal enzymes. We review various techniques commonly employed in recombinant protein production in the filamentous fungi, including transformation methods, selection of gene regulatory elements such as promoters, protein secretion factors such as the signal peptide, and optimization of coding sequence. We provide insights into current models of host genomic defenses such as repeat-induced point mutation and quelling. Furthermore, we examine the regulatory effects of transcript sequences, including introns and untranslated regions, pre-mRNA (messenger RNA) processing, transcript transport, and mRNA stability. We anticipate that this review will become a resource for researchers who aim at advancing the use of these fascinating organisms as protein production factories, for both academic and industrial purposes, and also for scientists with general interest in the biology of the filamentous fungi.
What is the best candidate for biofilm formation?
Filamentous fungi are an excellent candidate species for studying biofilm formation. Nevertheless, the term “biofilm” is rarely used when talking about ff ( Harding et al., 2009 ). Very few reports on ff biofilms can be found in the literature, which is probably due to the fact that ff do not fit completely or precisely within restrictive biofilm ...
How many stages of biofilm formation are there?
This preliminary model is divided into six major stages: propagule adsorption, active attachment to a surface, microcolony formation, initial maturation, maturation or reproductive development, and dispersal or planktonic phase. Fig. 5.2 shows the main stages of this preliminary model. According to these authors, all the steps are comparable with those that occur for bacterial biofilm formation. However, it must be reinforced that filamentous fungal biofilms have morphological and growth features distinct from both bacterial and yeast biofilms that complicate the understanding of ff biofilms.
What happens during the maturation phase of hyphae?
In the initial maturation phase, the formation of compacted hyphal or mycelial networks occurs, and hypha–hypha a dhesion is achieved. Also, this includes the layer, formation of hyphal bundles bonded together by exopolymeric matrix, and formation of water channels via hydrophobic repulsion between hyphae or hyphal bundles ( Harding et al., 2009 ). Lattices occur by the very nature of ff growth effectively forming a biofilm. A gossamer pellet was formed in shake flask growth in water of Fusarium graminearum ( Paterson, 2007 ), which was similar to a floating biofilm, and filamentous fungal biofilms are notorious for fouling or blocking bioreactors used to grow ff for applied purposes (unpublished observations).
What are the drawbacks of filamentous fungi?
cerevisiae – the oxygen requirement for growth, in addition to the low rate of ethanol production and the production byproducts, such as glycerol and organic acids.
What is the maturation phase of a fungal cell?
The maturation phase then occurs, which includes the formation of fruiting bodies, conidiophores, sporogenous cells, sclerotia, and other survival structures. Aerial growth is often a crucial feature of fungal fruiting and dispersal ( Harding et al., 2009 ).
What is a cladophora?from mdc.mo.gov
It consists of fine, green filaments that have no leaves, roots, stems, or flowers. They often form dense mats. On warm, sunny days, they commonly float when bubbles, generated by the plant or created by its decay, get trapped in the mats and make them buoyant. The three genera listed below are examples. Cladophora feels cottony and can form balls ...
When to treat filamentous algae?from extension.psu.edu
It is best to treat filamentous algae early in the summer when they first appear on the pond bottom and before they form large floating mats. This will reduce the amount of plant material that must be killed and, thus, reduce the chance of a fish kill due to low dissolved oxygen from decaying algae.
What is the term for organisms that have not changed much for billions of years?from mdc.mo.gov
Algae used to be called “primitive,” but a more accurate term is “ancestral” for organisms that have not changed much for billions of years.
Is green algae filamentous?from mdc.mo.gov
Note: Not all types of green algae are filamentous; they occur in an great variety of forms, including single cells and colonies.
Ure 17.1
- A large filamentous body in layer 5 of the primary visual cortex of a 35 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of this structure is filled with thin filaments together with a few mitochondria. The origin of this structure cannot be determined from the image. back to top
Ure 17.2
- A small filamentous body in area 46 of a 23 year old monkey. The structure is filled with thin filaments and has some dense core vesicles at some parts of its periphery. There are no clues as to the origin of this structure. back to top
Ure 17.2A
- Filamentous body- dark green; axon terminals- lighter green; dendrites- blue; dendritic spines- gray; astrocytes- yellow. back to top
Ure 17.3
- A filamentous body in the primary visual cortex of a 35 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of this structure is filled with thin filaments, but on one side there is a cluster of synaptic vesicles where the filamentous body is forming an asymmetric synapse with a dendritic spine. Consequently this body must be an altered axon. back to top
Ure 17.3A
- A colorized version of figure 17.3. Filamentous body and other axon terminals- green; dendrites- blue; dendritic spines- gray; astrocytic processes- yellow. back to top
Ure 17.4
- A large filamentous body in the primary visual cortex of a 23 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of this structure is filled with thin filaments, but at one part of its periphery there is a cluster a synaptic vesicles (arrow) indicating that this structure is a modified axon. back to top
Ure 17.5
- A large filamentous body in the primary visual cortex of a 25 year old monkey. Much of the cytoplasm is filled with randomly oriented thin filaments, but on one side of the profile is a bundle of longitudinally oriented filaments (arrows). There is not enough definition to determine whether these are neurofilaments or astrocytic filaments. back to top
Ure 17.6
- Another example of a filamentous body, this one in the primary visual cortex of a 23 year old monkey. The cytoplasm of much of the body is filled with thin filaments, but at the top of the image it gives rise to a process that has a more normal looking cytoplasm. The process has an irregular shape and contains a bundle of filaments (arrow), suggesting that it might be derived from an as…