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The Intergeneric Hybrid in Horticulture
- Intergeneric Hybrid An intergeneric hybrid is a cross between plants in two different genera in the same family. ...
- Cypress For example, the Leyland cypress ( × Cupressocyparis leylandii) is a result of crossing a Monterey cypress ( Cupressus macrocarpa) with a Nootka cypress ( Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ). ...
- Cactus ...
- Orchids ...
What is an intergeneric hybrid?
An intergeneric hybrid is a cross between plants in two different genera in the same family. They are closely related enough that pollination will produce a hybrid, though the seeds of this hybrid are usually sterile. The more distant the relationship between the two genera, the greater the difficulty of intergeneric hybridization.
What is the nomenclature of hybrid plants?
By the beginning of this century, nomenclature rules had developed into the uniform naming of intergeneric hybrids. Hybrids between two genera are always a contraction of the two generic names, such as Brassocattleya (Brassavola x Cattleya), Odontonia (Odontoglossum x Miltonia) and Ascocenda (Ascocentrum x Vanda).
What are hybrid genera with three genera in the background?
Usually, hybrids with three genera in the background are also contractions. Brassolaeliocattleya (Brassavola x Laelia x Cattleya) and Vascostylis (Vanda x Ascocentrum x Rhynchostylis) are two of these. However, hybrid genera with three genera in their background can also end with -ara, which is used for hybrid genera of four or more genera.
What is a hybrid in biology?
A hybrid is something having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results. The offspring of two plants of different breeds, varieties, or species, especially as produced through human manipulation for specific genetic characteristics, is a hybrid.
What is intergeneric hybrid?
Why did hybridization take off?
What are some examples of hybrid plants?
What is hybrid breeding?
What is a viable example of a hybrid?
Who was the first person to create hybrid plants?
Is sweet corn a hybrid?
See 2 more
What is Intergeneric hybridization give example?
Interspecific Animal Hybrids The cross between animals of the same genus but different species is known as interspecific hybridisation. Here are some examples of such hybrid animals. Mule – The mule is a progeny of a female horse and a male donkey. Liger – An offspring of a female tiger and a male lion.
What is the difference between interspecific and intergeneric hybridization?
Interspecific hybridization occurs when crosses are made between different cultivated species belonging to the same genus. In contrast, the outcome of the combination of a distinct genus (cultivated species with their wild relatives) is known as intergeneric hybridization.
What is meant by interspecific hybridization in plants?
Interspecific hybridization is the crossing of two species from the same genus. This allows the exploitation of useful genes from wild, unimproved species for the benefit of the cultivated species. The Pisum species are diploid self-pollinators sharing a similar karyotype.
What is an Intergeneric hybrid orchid?
Intergeneric hybrids consist of several different genera in the Oncidium family, that are crossed together to create new “man-made” intergeneric orchids. Some common intergeneric names are Vuylstekeara (Vuyl.), Colmanara (Colm.), Odontonia and Beallara.
What does Intergeneric mean?
: occurring between or involving biological genera.
What is the difference between intraspecific and Inter?
Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. It im proves the species' adaptations. Interspecific competition occurs between members of different species.
What are the three types of hybridization in plants?
cross-pollinating crops.Types of hybridization.Based on the genetic difference between parents, hybridization can be.Inter-varietal Hybridization.Distant Hybridization.The cross between the members of the same species (intra-specific) is called inter-varietal.hybridization. ... Parent A × Parent B F hybrid.More items...•
Why is interspecific hybridization important?
Then, it was highlighted that interspecific hybridization-introgression has played important role in improving the genetic diversity and adaptation of Oryza sativa during its evolution process.
What are the different types of hybridization in plants?
Hybridization refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. This crossing may be intervarietal (between different varieties), interspecific (between two different species of the same genus) or intergeneric (between different genera).
What is the first Intergeneric cross hybrid is called?
Wheat-Rye Cross: The first intergeneric cross was made in the family Gramineae between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 42) and rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14) by Rimpau around 1890 in Sweden. The F1 was sterile which was made fertile through colchicine treatment. The amphidiploid (2n = 56) was named as Triticale.
What does LC stand for in orchids?
Laeliocattleya is a nothogenus of intergeneric orchid hybrids descended from the parental genera Laelia and Cattleya. It is abbreviated Lc. in the horticultural trade.
What are 5 hybrid plants?
The five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India are Wheat - Sonalika and Kalyan Sona, Rice - Jaya and Ratna and Cowpea - Pusa Komal.
What is the difference between intra and interspecific variation?
This type of variation is known as intraspecific variation (“within species'' variation), or variation among individuals of the same species. In contrast, interspecific variation (“across species” variation) is variation that occurs when comparing individuals of differing species.
What is difference between Cybrid and hybrid?
Cybrids are generated by fusing nucleated cells with enucleated cells (often platelets), resulting in transfer of cytoplasmic contents of the enucleated cell, including mtDNA, to the nucleated cell. This is as opposed to hybrid cells, which are the products of fusing nucleated cells.
What is Intergeneric hybridization in fish?
Intergeneric hybridization consists of crossing fish belonging to different species. The aim of producing intergeneric hybrids is as follows: To unite the useful characteristics of two different species in one of the new forms. Producing a new construction in consequence of the heterosis effect.
What is intraspecies and interspecies?
If you break the two terms down, "intraspecific" just means within a species, while "interspecific" means between them. Consequently, interspecific competition is all about competition between two or more species, while intraspecific competition involves different individuals of the same species.
Intergeneric Hybridization - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Sunil K. Sharma, Savarni Tripathi, in Plant Virus-Host Interaction (Second Edition), 2021 6 Conclusion and future prospects. The use of intergeneric hybridization seems to be a potent option for the development of PRSV resistant papaya with acceptable horticultural traits in spite of limitations. Selection of PRSV resistant Vasconcellea species cross compatible with papaya has been done ...
Types of Hybrid: Intraspecific and Interspecific - Botany
The commercially cultivated hybrids are of two types, viz.: (1) Intraspecific hybrids, and (2) Interspecific hybrids. These are briefly discussed below: Type # 1. Intraspecific Hybrid: A hybrid between genetically different genotypes of the same species is known as intraspecific hybrid. It is also known as inter-varietal hybrid. These types of hybrids are commonly used […]
18 Wonderful Hybrid Plants - INVORMA
Hybrid lilies are classified as Asiatic hybrids and Oriental hybrids. Oriental hybrid lilies have large 6 to 8 inch, fragrant, pink, red, purple or white flowers.
How to Grow Hybrid Plants: 7 Examples of Hybrid Plants
Home & Lifestyle How to Grow Hybrid Plants: 7 Examples of Hybrid Plants. Written by MasterClass. Last updated: Jul 30, 2021 • 3 min read
Garden Guides | List of Hybrid Plants
Charles Darwin promoted the concept of cross-breeding, but Gregor Mendel is credited with starting the hybrid plant revolution with his genetic studies of peas in the early 1900s. Hybridization took off from there as horticulturists realized they could cross-breed plants within the same species but from different ...
When was intergeneric hybridization used?
The use of tertiary pool species via intergeneric hybridization has been pursued rigorously since the 1970s with various attempts made to overcome crossability barriers. The outputs have been rewarding and the initial complex hybridization area overcomes (Sharma, 1995 ):
How do breeders use genetic variability?
Traditionally, breeders have gone to other breeding programs or to major germplasm collections to source their genetic variability. Utilizing genetic variability is always done in a targeted manner, with the breeder seeking new genes for an agronomic, disease resistance, quality, or yield-related trait. Transfer of the new gene is usually performed by conventional hybridization, followed by cycles of selection until the new gene is fixed in its new background. To facilitate transfer of new genes, knowledge of the inheritance of the trait and the ability to select for it in its new background are essential.
What are the two cereals that are produced by modern breeding programs?
Two new cereal species, Triticale (× Triticosecale) and intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium), are products of modern breeding programs. Triticale, now grown on a commercial scale in Europe and North America, was synthesized from an intergeneric hybridization between wheat and rye. Intermediate wheatgrass, a species reported to have been cultivated as an ancient grain crop in Western Asia, is under development as a promising perennial cereal crop.
What is genetic variability in wheat?
Genetic variability is the cornerstone of wheat breeding. Variability can be sourced from hexaploid wheat or its near and distant relatives. Traits can be introgressed into hexaploid wheat from these sources using conventional hybridization techniques. For interspecific or intergeneric hybridizations, the use of chromosome doubling may be required to get a balanced chromosome complement for successful cell division of the embryo and the resultant plant.
What is a translocation in wheat?
Translocations used in programs to combat wheat production constraints that are globally available. Considered here are those stocks that are in poor wheat backgrounds and have been characterized. These have the potential to be placed in elite wheat cultivars for maximizing their wider screening capacity and utilization.
What are the key resources of variability at priority?
The key resources of variability at priority are the primary gene pool diploid D genome donor accessions of wheat, Ae. tauschii, and some sources from the tertiary gene pool possessing high potential values.
Can radish be cross-compatible?
The level of cross-compatibility varied from cross to cross between species and crossing direction, mostly depending upon the female or seed parents used in hybridization, and it was also recognized that hybrid embryo development is markedly influenced by environmental factors (mainly temperature) during in vitro culture 66, 67, 95 These facts suggest that improvements in hybridization make it feasible to enhance cross-compatibility sufficiently for practical breeding purposes.
Papaya ringspot virus-P
The use of intergeneric hybridization seems to be a potent option for the development of PRSV-P-resistant C. papaya with acceptable horticultural traits. The initial steps of selection of papaya genotypes compatible with the wild species with better chances of producing viable hybrids have been done successfully.
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF SEXUAL HORMONES UPON THE REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERS OF INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS OF DUCKS
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Developments in fibrous flax and linseed breeding and cultivation
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Michael R. Davey, ... Kenneth C. Lowe, in Biotechnology Advances, 2005
What is the impact of heterozygosity on the genome?
It is the genetic variability among the population that ensures a better chance at survival of the population. Another positive impact of heterozygosity of genome achieved by hybridization includes heterosis, which can be attributed to either dominance, over-dominance, or epistasis.
What is the process of a plant being bred to produce offspring with heterozygous genotypes?
Sexual hybridization can be defined as a process where plants of different species or the same species are bred to produce offspring with heterozygous genotypes. Sexual hybridization can be further classified as interspecific hybridization and intergenic hybridization.
Why is hybridization important?
The main reason behind this is to improve the crop genotype and establish commercially important traits in the crop, for example, drought resistance.
What are the two groups of hybridization?
Hybridization can be classified into two groups namely, sexual hybridization and somatic hybridization . Sexual hybridization is the comparatively classical approach, it is subjected to the sexual compatibility barrier. Somatic hybridization is a rather modern approach, it is performed in vitro. It can be defined as the fusion of two protoplasts, protoplast is the cellular component that remains after removal of the cell wall.
Why is classical breeding important?
In the classical breeding approach, the genetic variability among the species has been greatly utilized to promote plant improvement, but as the need for commercialization increased , classical breeding techniques were not sufficient to provide the genotype heterozygosity within a population. Hybridization was largely dependent on the sexual cross between two genetically distant strains of the same species, but due to the presence of various reproductive barriers, breeding was limited to sexually compatible groups, thus limiting the gene flow, which resulted in limited opportunities to improve the crop genotype. Hence new approaches for creating a heterozygous gene pool were developed.
What is hybridization in biology?
Hybridization in simple terms is defined as the breeding of two different organisms from genetically diverse groups or species. Hybridization is a very old technique that has been used to increase the genetic variability among the population. Hybridization is performed on animals as well as plants, this is done to ensure ...
What is the process of crossing two organisms that are genetically distant from each other?
Hence new approaches for creating a heterozygous gene pool were developed. Hybridization can be defined as the process of crossing two organisms which are genetically distant from each other. This can be an artificial or natural process.
What is intergeneric hybrid?
An intergeneric hybrid is a cross between plants in two different genera in the same family. They are closely related enough that pollination will produce a hybrid, though the seeds of this hybrid are usually sterile. The more distant the relationship between the two genera, the greater the difficulty of intergeneric hybridization.
Why did hybridization take off?
Hybridization took off from there as horticulturists realized they could cross-breed plants within the same species, but from different varieties, to attain specific desired physical results inherent in the parent plants.
What are some examples of hybrid plants?
Examples of hybrid plants include : 1 Sweet corn: The vast majority of U.S. sweet corn grown are hybrid varieties. The characteristics of these varieties have made it easier for home gardeners to grow and they are sweeter than past crops. 2 Meyer lemons: Meyer lemons, originating in China, are a cross between a true lemon tree and mandarin orange tree. The fruit is much sweeter than traditional lemons, which makes this variety a favorite of gardeners and chefs alike. 3 Better Boy tomatoes: Better Boys have been bred to be resistant to verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, and nematodes, which are all common tomato plant problems. Gardeners and tomato lovers favor the large, bright red fruit, which can weigh up to one pound and mature within 75 days of seedlings being transplanted into the ground.
What is hybrid breeding?
A hybrid is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock, especially the offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties, species, or races.
What is a viable example of a hybrid?
A viable example is x Ferobergia, a hybrid between two cacti of the genus Ferocactus and of the genus Leuchtembergia .
Who was the first person to create hybrid plants?
Charles Darwin promoted the concept of cross-breeding, but Gregor Mendel is credited with starting the hybrid plant revolution with his genetic studies ...
Is sweet corn a hybrid?
Sweet corn: The vast majority of U.S. sweet corn grown are hybrid varieties. The characteristics of these varieties have made it easier for home gardeners to grow and they are sweeter than past crops. Meyer lemons: Meyer lemons, originating in China, are a cross between a true lemon tree and mandarin orange tree.
