what is ischemia quizlet

Full Answer

What are the causes of ischemia?

Factors that may increase your risk of intestinal ischemia include:

• Buildup of fatty deposits in your arteries (atherosclerosis). If you've had other conditions caused by atherosclerosis, such as decreased blood flow to your heart (coronary artery disease), legs (peripheral vascular ...
• Age. ...
• Smoking. ...
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ...
• Heart problems. ...
• Medications. ...
• Blood-clotting problems. ...
• Illegal drug use. ...

What problems does ischemia cause?

Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow is stopped or reduced to a part of the body, which causes the part of the body to not get enough oxygen. Ischemia can affect any part of the body like the heart, brain, legs, and intestines. Treatment for ischemia depends on the type. Ischemia is a serious condition and can be fatal.

What are causes of the disease called ischemic?

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a type of persistent chest pain or discomfort caused by a lack of blood supply to a portion of the heart. When the heart wants more blood flow, this condition occurs most frequently during exertion or excitement. IHD, often known as coronary heart disease, is the world’s largest cause of death.

What is the most common cause of cardiac ischemia?

Factors that can increase your risk of developing myocardial ischemia include:

• Tobacco. Smoking and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke can damage the inside walls of arteries. ...
• Diabetes. ...
• High blood pressure. ...
• High blood cholesterol level. ...
• High blood triglyceride level. ...
• Obesity. ...
• Waist circumference. ...
• Lack of physical activity. ...

What do you mean by ischemia?

(is-KEE-mee-uh) Lack of blood supply to a part of the body. Ischemia may cause tissue damage due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

What is the meaning of the term ischemia quizlet?

The medical term ischemia means: lack of blood supply to a tissue.

What causes ischemia?

What Causes Ischemia? A primary cause of ischemia is atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Plaque, a hard, sticky substance composed mostly of fat builds up within the arteries, causing narrowing and stiffening. This reduces blood flow.

What is the function of ischemia?

Ischemia is defined as the state of blood flow decrease due to structural vascular obstruction or vasoconstriction. Functional ischemia is a status where blood flow cannot match the metabolic demand of tissues even in the absence of vascular obstruction.

What describes the ischemic response?

2) ischemic response-when blood pressure drops too low, brain exerts vasoconstriction of blood vessels to other organs, and increases heart rate and strength of contraction.

What term means narrowing of blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. When blood vessels constrict, blood flow is slowed or blocked. Vasoconstriction may be slight or severe. It may result from disease, drugs, or psychological conditions.

What is the most common symptom of ischemia?

The most common symptom of myocardial ischemia is angina (also called angina pectoris). This is chest pain (similar to indigestion or heartburn) that feels like: Chest discomfort. Heaviness.

What can happen if you have ischemia?

Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia, reduces the heart muscle's ability to pump blood. A sudden, severe blockage of one of the heart's artery can lead to a heart attack. Myocardial ischemia might also cause serious abnormal heart rhythms.

What is an example of ischemia?

For example: Heart: This may lead to a heart attack, heartbeat that's not regular, and heart failure. It can also cause chest pain (doctors call it “angina”), or sudden cardiac death. You may hear it called ischemic heart disease, myocardial ischemia, or cardiac ischemia.

Why does ischemia cause pain?

The mechanisms of cardiac ischemic pain remain obscure. It is unknown whether ischemia causes cardiac pain by the release of chemical substances or by mechanical stretching. It is also unknown whether ischemia activates specific nociceptors and pain fibers or mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors.

Does ischemia cause cell death?

Relative ischemia typically results in cellular dysfunction but does not cause death in most cell types. Some cell types that are more sensitive to ischemic damage (e.g., neurons) may undergo apoptosis or necrosis while other cell types remain viable.

Which of the following statements best describes ischemia?

Which definition best describes ischemia? impaired blood flow and oxygen deprivation.

What is the prefix of ischemia?

The word ischemia comes from the Greek ischein, meaning “to suppress,” and the suffix -emia, which is used in terms involving blood (such as anemia).

Can ischemia lead to myocardial infarction?

Causes of myocardial ischemia Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is obstructed by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery by a buildup of plaques (atherosclerosis). If the plaques rupture, you can have a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

What is the correct word part breakdown for the term infarction?

The word "infarction" comes from the Latin "infarcire" meaning "to plug up or cram." It refers to the clogging of the artery.

What does the root Angin mean?

In the term angina pectoris, the root angin means: To Choke.

How to treat myocardial ischemia?

Treatment may include medications, a procedure to open blocked arteries (angioplasty) or bypass surgery.

What side of the body does myocardial ischemia occur?

When they do occur, the most common is chest pressure or pain, typically on the left side of the body (angina pectoris).

What happens if myocardial ischemia is blocked?

If a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, the lack of blood and oxygen can lead to a heart attack that destroys part of the heart muscle. The damage can be serious and sometimes fatal. Irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia).

What are the factors that increase the risk of myocardial ischemia?

Factors that can increase your risk of developing myocardial ischemia include: Tobacco. Smoking and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke can damage the inside walls of arteries. The damage can allow deposits of cholesterol and other substances to collect and slow blood flow in the coronary arteries.

What is the term for a heart attack caused by a plaque rupture?

If the plaques rupture, you can have a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

What is the cause of heart attack?

Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia, reduces the heart muscle's ability to pump blood. A sudden, severe blockage of one of the heart's artery can lead to a heart attack. Myocardial ischemia might also cause serious abnormal heart rhythms.

What is the cause of high cholesterol?

A high level of "bad" (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) cholesterol in your blood may be due to an inherited condition or a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol.

What is ischemia in medical terms?

Ischemia is a serious problem where some part of your body, like your heart or brain, isn’t getting enough blood. Learn what causes it, what the symptoms are, and how you can prevent it.

What Problems Does Ischemia Cause?

A number of them -- and some can be life threatening, depending on where you get it. For example:

What is the condition called when you have plaque build up in your legs?

Legs: Doctors call this “critical limb ischemia.” It’s a severe condition you can get with peripheral artery disease (PAD). That’s a condition where you have plaque build-up in the arteries of your leg. It causes intense pain, even when you’re resting. If it’s not treated, you could lose your leg.

What is it called when you have a hole in your intestine?

Intestines: This is called mesenteric ischemia. It can cause a hole in your intestine or part of your intestine to die. It can happen in both the small and large intestines.

How do you know if you have ischemia?

Chest pain (angina) Heartbeat that’s faster than normal. Pain in your neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. Shortness of breath when you exercise.

What are the symptoms of a headache?

Headachethat comes on hard and fast, sometimes along with dizzinessor throwing up. Passing out. Problems moving your body (weakness, numbness, or you can’t move your face, arm, or leg on one side of your body) Slurred speech and a hard time understanding others. Legs.

What happens when you breathe?

One of those things happens every time you breathe-- every “in” breath pulls oxygen into your lungs, where it enters your blood. It then travels throughout your body in your bloodvessels, veins, and arteries. Some of those blood vessels are big, like highways. Others are small, like back roads.

What is the Difference Between Hypoxia and Ischemia?

Hypoxia: Hypoxia refers to a state where the oxygen supply is insufficient for the demand.

What is the process of ischemic cascade?

Lack of oxygen leads to a process known as Ischemic cascade. The damage is caused by the accumulation of metabolic waste products, damage to cell membranes, mitochondrial (powerhouse of the cell) dysfunction. This leads to leakage of or activation of autolyzing and proteolytic enzymes causing damage to the cell and surrounding tissues.

What is Hypoxia?

Hypoxia is different from hypoxemia. Hypoxia refers to a state in which the oxygen supply is insufficient for the demand, whereas hypoxemia refers to states that have low arterial oxygen concentration . Complete deprivation of oxygen supply is called “anoxia.”

Why is intermittent hypoxia used?

Sometimes mild and non-damaging intermittent hypoxia is used intentionally for altitude training to improve athletic performance by adaptation of both the systemic and cellular bio environments. Hypoxia can be a serious complication of preterm birth in the neonate due to immature lungs. Lungs of the human fetus mature toward the latter part ...

What happens when blood supply is restored to an ischemic tissue?

The sudden restoration of blood supply to an ischemic tissue can lead to increased damage by a process called reperfusion injury which can be more harmful than the initial ischemic damage.

Which disease affects one part of the body?

Distribution. Hypoxia: Hypoxia can affect the whole body (generalized) or a single region of the body (localized). Ischemia: Ischemia affects one part of the body (local) in most of the cases. “Cynosis” by James Heilman, MD – Own work.

What are the complications of hypoxia?

Complications. Hypoxia: Hypoxia damage can cause fatal outcomes such as high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema. It can also cause preterm birth complications. Ischemia: Complications of Ischemia include heart attacks, strokes, reperfusion injury and the fatal cardiac arrhythmias can be a secondary complication.

What are the symptoms of ischemia?

Nausea or vomiting. Feeling light-headed, dizzy, very weak or anxious. Fast or irregular heartbeat. If you have angina or any of the symptoms of ischemia listed above that last for more than 5 minutes, CALL 9-1-1 RIGHT AWAY! You may be having a heart attack or have a coronary artery that is completely blocked.

Why does my heart get ischemia?

Ischemia is most likely to happen when your heart needs more oxygen and nutrients than it is getting. It is simply a supply-demand imbalance that happens at times when there is more demand for blood, such as when you are active, eating, excited, stressed or in the cold, and your body can’t keep up with the need for more blood.

What is the most common symptom of myocardial ischemia?

The most common symptom of myocardial ischemia is angina (also called angina pectoris). Angina is chest pain that is also described as chest discomfort, heaviness, tightness, pressure, aching, burning, numbness, fullness, or squeezing. It can feel like indigestion or heartburn.

What does it mean when your heart is not getting enough blood?

Myocardial ischemia means your heart muscle is not getting enough blood (which contains oxygen and nutrients) to work as it should. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy.

How to treat myocardial ischemia?

Your doctor will talk to you about the treatment that is best for you, which may include medications or procedures to improve blood flow to the heart muscle .

What causes supply problems in the heart?

The supply problem can be caused by coronary artery disease. This is a build-up of plaque and cholesterol inside the coronary arteries. The build-up narrows the artery so much that the oxygen-rich blood the heart needs can’t get through, and the heart muscle becomes starved for oxygen. This causes ischemia and angina. (need picture of obstructive CAD).

What is a transient ischemic attack?

A transient ischemic attack has the same origins as that of an ischemic stroke, the most common type of stroke. In an ischemic stroke, a clot blocks the blood supply to part of your brain. In a transient ischemic attack, unlike a stroke, the blockage is brief, and there is no permanent damage. The underlying cause of a TIA often is a buildup ...

How many people have a stroke after a transient ischemic attack?

About 1 in 3 people who has a transient ischemic attack will eventually have a stroke, with about half occurring within a year after the transient ischemic attack. A transient ischemic attack can serve as both a warning of a future stroke and an opportunity to prevent it.

What is a TIA?

Overview. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke. A TIA usually lasts only a few minutes and doesn't cause permanent damage. Often called a ministroke, a transient ischemic attack may be a warning. About 1 in 3 people who has a transient ischemic attack will eventually have a stroke, ...

How long do TIA symptoms last?

Symptoms. Transient ischemic attacks usually last a few minutes. Most signs and symptoms disappear within an hour, though rarely symptoms may last up to 24 hours. The signs and symptoms of a TIA resemble those found early in a stroke and may include sudden onset of:

How to reduce TIA?

Stopping smoking reduces your risk of a TIA or a stroke. Limit cholesterol and fat. Cutting back on cholesterol and fat, especially saturated fat and trans fat, in your diet may reduce buildup of plaques in your arteries. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

What causes TIA in the brain?

The underlying cause of a TIA often is a buildup of cholesterol-containing fatty deposits called plaques (atherosclerosis) in an artery or one of its branches that supplies oxygen and nutrients to your brain. Plaques can decrease the blood flow through an artery or lead to the development of a clot.

How to prevent TIA?

Limit sodium. If you have high blood pressure, avoiding salty foods and not adding salt to food may reduce your blood pressure.

When is silent ischemia likely to happen?

Most silent ischemia occurs when one or more coronary arteries are narrowed by plaque. It can also occur when the heart is forced to work harder than normal.

How is silent ischemia diagnosed?

Silent ischemia is usually not discovered until someone undergoes a stress test for another reason, like angina or cardiovascular disease risk. An electrocardiogram may also find evidence of ischemia. A Holter monitor is a long-term electrocardiogram. You wear a heart monitor for one or two days, and your heart rate and rhythm are monitored the whole time. If you have an episode of ischemia during that time and you didn’t experience any symptoms during the episode, your doctor may diagnose silent ischemia.

What is silent ischemia?

The medical definition of silent myocardial ischemia is verified myocardial ischemia without angina. Ischemia is a reduction of oxygen-rich blood supply to the heart muscle. Silent ischemia occurs when the heart temporarily doesn’t receive enough blood (and thus oxygen), but the person with the oxygen-deprivation doesn’t notice any effects. Silent ischemia is related to angina, which is a reduction of oxygen-rich blood in the heart that causes chest pain and other related symptoms.

What are the common treatments for silent ischemia?

If you are diagnosed with silent ischemia, your treatment plan will be developed based on several factors, including your age and overall health, your lifestyle, and your risk factors. Treatment options may include:

What type of doctors may help treat ischemia?

Silent ischemia may be treated by internal medicine doctors; however, most doctors will refer their patients to a cardiologist, heart surgeon, cardiovascular surgeon, or cardiothoracic surgeon for diagnosis and treatment of silent ischemia and the underlying cause. Other doctors may also be part of a multidisciplinary team of experts to treat your heart disease.

What are the risk factors for silent ischemia?

People who are at risk for heart disease and angina are also at risk for silent ischemia. Risk factors include: 1 Tobacco use 2 Diabetes 3 High blood cholesterol 4 High blood pressure 5 A family history of heart disease 6 Age (after age 45 for men and age 55 for women, risk increases) 7 A sedentary lifestyle 8 Obesity 9 Unmanaged stress

What is the name of the condition where the blood flow is restricted or reduced in a part of the body?

Ischemia is a condition in which the blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body. Cardiac ischemia is the name for decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.

What is the condition that causes chest pain and discomfort?

This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack. Ischemia often causes chest pain or discomfort known as angina pectoris.

Can you have silent ischemia without pain?

Many Americans may have ischemic episodes without knowing it. These people have ischemia without pain — silent ischemia. They may have a heart attack with no prior warning. People with angina also may have undiagnosed episodes of silent ischemia.

Overview

Symptoms

Causes

• Myocardial ischemia occurs when the blood flow through one or more of your coronary arteries is decreased. The low blood flow decreases the amount of oxygen your heart muscle receives. Myocardial ischemia can develop slowly as arteries become blocked over time. Or it can occur quickly when an artery becomes blocked suddenly. Conditions that can cau...

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Risk Factors

Complications

Prevention