The affective filter is a concept put forward by Stephen Krashen Stephen Krashen is professor emeritus at the University of Southern California, who moved from the linguistics department to the faculty of the School of Education in 1994. He is a linguist, educational researcher, and political activist.Stephen D. Krashen
What is Krashen's Affective Filter hypothesis?
The Affective Filter Hypothesis is one of five major hypothesis for second language learning proposed by Stephen Krashen in his 1982 book Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Affect is defined as outer emotional expression.
What is a affective filter?
Affective filter is a term originally coined by linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s. It describes the invisible, psychological filter that either aids or deters the process of language acquisition.
What is the affective filter hypothesis in second language acquisition?
The affective filter hypothesis is one component of the principles of second language acquisition that Stephen Krasher developed in the 1980s. Krashen was concerned with identifying variables that facilitate or hinder acquiring a second language but that are not specific causes of language acquisition.
What is Krashen's view of emotional factors in language learning?
These factors can, in Krashen's view, prevent material from being retained or internalized by language learners. Krashen is quick to point out that this filter is separate from the ability of a learner's brain to absorb language (the "language acquisition device" in Krashen's terminology). That is, these emotional factors act...
What Is the Affective Filter?
What is the goal of the educator?
What happens when the affective filter is low?
What are some examples of inappropriate tasks for ELL students?
What to say to an ELL student?
What is the natural response to someone who speaks a different language?
What would happen if you corrected every word?
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What is Krashen's affective filter hypothesis?
Krashen's affective filter hypothesis (1985) suggests that language learners might be distracted by emotional factors in language learning process.
What is meant by affective filter?
The affective filter is a metaphor that describes a learner's attitudes that affect the relative success of second language acquisition. Negative feelings such as lack of motivation, lack of self-confidence and learning anxiety act as filters that hinder and obstruct language learning.
What does lowering the affective filter mean?
When the affective filter is low, the learner is in an emotionally safe place. These feelings of safety lower imaginary walls, promoting more successful language acquisition. This type of environment becomes a welcoming invitation to keep learning!
How would you consider Krashen affective filter in the classroom?
Let's examine how this might look through the three categories that Krashen proposed: motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety....The factors below can raise the affective filter and impede language acquisition:Error correction.Forcing output too early.Isolation.Embarrassment.Lack of comprehensible input.
What does affective effect mean?
Affective describes something that has been influenced by emotions, is a result of emotions, or expresses emotion. Effective describes something that produces a desired result. Effective comes from the noun effect, which means result.
What is an example of affective?
Affective is an adjective that describes something that is related to, arises from, or influenced by feelings, mood and emotions. It is especially used in the field of psychology. Here are some examples of affective in a sentence: Harry sang to Sally about how much he loved her, causing her to cry with happiness.
What causes a high affective filter?
The stress you experience creates what experts call the affective filter — an emotional response that can lock down the mental processes of learning a new language.
What raises the affective filter?
Low motivation and boredom, or low self-esteem and anxiety are all negative emotions that increase the Affective Filter and form a 'mental block' that prevents comprehensible input from reaching the language acquisition part of the brain. In other words, when the filter is 'up' it impedes language acquisition.
What can the teacher do to lower the affective filter?
Create Multiple Opportunities: In addition, teachers can lower the affective filter by creating multiple opportunities in every lesson for students to engage in activities in which they use language they have already mastered.
How do you implement Krashen theory in the classroom?
Use Krashen's ideas about comprehensible input. Between classes, ask your students to watch something, listen to something or read something they can relate to and comprehend....Applying Krashen's ideas in the classroomlack of motivation,low self-esteem.and anxiety.
What is the role of affective targets in students learning?
knowledge of their students' affective characteristics leads to more targeted instruction and successful learning experiences for students. Because students are able to focus on affective development in concert with cognitive development, they are more likely to be successful.
How do teachers use the affective domain?
The affective domain includes factors such as student motivation, attitudes, perceptions and values. Teachers can increase their effectiveness by considering the affective domain in planning courses, delivering lectures and activities, and assessing student learning.
Who proposed the idea of affective filter?
Stephen KrashenThe affective filter is a concept put forward by Stephen Krashen describing the relationship between the processes of language acquisition and the emotional or psychological states of language learners (Krashen 423).
What raises the affective filter?
Low motivation and boredom, or low self-esteem and anxiety are all negative emotions that increase the Affective Filter and form a 'mental block' that prevents comprehensible input from reaching the language acquisition part of the brain. In other words, when the filter is 'up' it impedes language acquisition.
Who coined the term affective filter?
Stephen KrashenThe term affective filter was coined by Stephen Krashen, a prominent Second Language Acquisition scholar, to describe how a learner's attitudes can impact the success of second language learning.
What causes a high affective filter?
The stress you experience creates what experts call the affective filter — an emotional response that can lock down the mental processes of learning a new language.
The Affective Filter in Second Language Teaching - ResearchGate
According to Du (2009 is not affected by the affective factors, the affective filters are responsible for the individual variations experienced in second language acquisition, people with lower ...
What is the Affective Filter in Language Learning?
Stephen Krashen is a well-known name in the EFL industry. His ideas and theories have been influential in the field of Teaching English as a Foreign Language, mostly because they have stood the test of time.Krashen came up with five hypotheses of learning, one of which is the affective filter hypothesis. The affective filter hypothesis basically explains that language cannot be learned if a ...
Explain Krashen's affective filter hypothesis and conditions ... - eNotes
Get an answer for 'Explain Krashen's affective filter hypothesis and conditions that raise the affective filter.' and find homework help for other Language Acquisition questions at eNotes
The Application of Affective Filter Hypothesis Theory in English ...
Krashen's theories of second language acquisition play a vital role in English teaching, in which "affective filter hypothesis" analyzes the influence of various affective factors on English learning.
What is affective filter?
The affective filter hypothesis is one component of the principles of second language acquisition that Stephen Krasher developed in the 1980s. Krashen was concerned with identifying variables that facilitate or hinder acquiring a second language but that are not specific causes of language acquisition. Among these factors are motivation and confidence or the anxiety that can reduce confidence. Those who are highly motivated, for example, are more likely to succeed in second language acquisition. Along the same lines, low self-esteem and high anxiety will serve to reduce the likelihood of, or filter out, the chances of success.
What is the effect of Krashen's affective filter hypothesis?
Krashen's affective filter hypothesis argues that language acquisition can be affected by emotional variables such as anxiety, self-confidence, or stress about wanting to "do better.". These factors can, in Krashen's view, prevent material from being retained or internalized by language learners.
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What is the affective filter?
The affective filter is a psychological filter that either helps or obstructs the process of learning a second language.
What can teachers do?
The goal of educators is to lower the affective filter so that students feel safe and comfortable, and are able to learn. Here are five things that can be done in the classroom to help lower the affective filter.
How to tell if a student has an affective filter?
Students who exhibit a high affective filter can demonstrate many signs. They tend to feel very self-conscious about their abilities in the new language. Many may experience stress when asked to speak, read, or write in class, and they may have very little faith in their ability to learn. Students report breaking out into a cold sweat, becoming nervous, anxious, and even surprised when incoherent speech comes out of their mouths since in their head they understand the concepts. Students with a high affective filter are reluctant to participate in class discussions because they are afraid of making mistakes and being judged by the teacher or other classmates. They would much rather collaborate with classmates in a small group setting, as that allows them to lean heavily on peers for support or avoid work altogether. Boredom is another way that a high affective filter may manifest in a student. Students who don’t comprehend what is happening in the classroom may stare into space with a slightly glazed look in their eyes. They are completely disengaged because they have no idea what is going on around them. These students believe that if they don’t draw attention to themselves and pretend to know what is going on or demonstrate disinterest, they will be left alone.
What is a warm demander?
Be a Warm Demander: Educators should begin by becoming a “warm demander.”. A warm demander maintains high standards while still deeply caring for students. Warm demanders communicate that they believe deeply in a students’ ability to learn and succeed, and holds students accountable for that learning and success.
What is the invisible wall?
The invisible wall blocks any input or output of information from the learner’s brain. Conversely, with a lowered affective filter, the invisible wall allows the input of information to the brain promoting successful language learning.
Who is Rocio Figueroa?
Rocio Figueroa is the Director of Equity for English Learners at Ensemble Learning. Continue the conversation or reach out with questions by emailing her at [email protected] .
Why is Krashen's theory important?
Krashen believes when learners are feeling anxious, that emotion filters the comprehensible input they are learning and makes it more difficult to acquire the language. This makes sense.
What is the input hypothesis?
The Input Hypothesis. In order to create meaningful output, you need to have exposed yourself to enough input (reading and listening). Krashen believes that comprehensible input is the most effective kind. For material to be comprehensible, it needs to be slightly beyond your level of competence.
What does Krashen believe about grammar?
Krashen believes that there is a natural sequence of acquisition and that we pick up certain rules of grammar before others. For example, English language learners pick up how to use the present tense (-ing), as in “She likes swimming” before the possessive ‘s’, like in “Fumiko’s swim cap is red”.
What to do when learning online?
There’s something to be said about learning online, at home in a relaxed environment compared to going to class all the time. Takeaway – Relax. If your language learning environment is making you anxious, bored or under stimulated, change it for one that works for you.
What is the theory of second language acquisition?
One language learning theory that is still widely accepted is that of linguist and University of California professor Stephen Krashen. It’s called the Theory of Second Language Acquisition and you might be happy to know – depending on your language learning style – that it doesn’t place any emphasis on boring grammar drills.
Why are adults so analytical?
This trait is useful in many areas of life, but in language learning it can actually hold us back. When many adults learn languages, their analytical tendencies kick in and they try to correct all perceived errors.
How many hypotheses are there in Krashen's theory?
Krashen’s theory is made up of five hypotheses. Is there anything a language learner like you from take from them? Let’s find out.
What Is the Affective Filter?
It describes the invisible, psychological filter that either aids or deters the process of language acquisition.
What is the goal of the educator?
It should be the goal of the educator to provide an environment which facilitates the lowest levels of the affective filter. When the filter is low, the learner is in an emotionally safe place. These feelings of safety lower the imaginary walls, promoting more successful language acquisition.
What happens when the affective filter is low?
A low affective filter results in increased self-confidence and the desire to explore, learn and even take a few risks.
What are some examples of inappropriate tasks for ELL students?
For example, asking a student to start up a computer, access the internet and cite 12 sources might be a bit too much. Such tasks lead to feelings of being overwhelmed and inadequate. Why even try if I’m going to fail? Up goes the filter.
What to say to an ELL student?
Perhaps you have witnessed classroom interactions between ELL students and well-meaning educators (often reciting all material orally with few other supports), wherein you could seemingly read the student’s mind: “If I just sit here quietly, don’t draw any attention to myself and pretend I know what’s going on, she’ll leave me alone.”
What is the natural response to someone who speaks a different language?
Often times a natural, albeit strange, response to someone who speaks a different language is to speak to them in a louder voice. If you don’t understand the words that are being spoken to you, but do understand that the words are being spoken loudly, wouldn’t it stand to reason that you are being yelled at?
What would happen if you corrected every word?
If someone corrected every word that came out of your mouth, you’d eventually stop talking. Decide if what you are correcting really needs to be corrected. Is it causing a major breakdown in communication? If not, let it go for now. Might it embarrass the student? If so, definitely let it go.
