What are the key principles of motivational interviewing?
The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing
- Collaboration Instead of Confrontation. Collaboration is a partnership formed between the counselor and the client. ...
- Evocation Rather Than Education. The notion of the counselor drawing out a client's ideas rather than imposing their own opinions is based on the belief that motivation to change comes ...
- Autonomy Over Authority. ...
What are the goals of motivational interviewing?
Working of Motivational Interviewing
- Identify Goal. When using motivational interviewing, the counselor first helps clients determine what their goals are for treatment.
- Clarify Ambivalence About Change. This step involves exploring any concerns a person has about changing his or her behavior. ...
- Elicit Change Talk. ...
- Provide Support And Feedback. ...
What are the 4 general processes of motivational interviewing?
- Motivation to change is elicited from the client, and is not imposed from outside forces
- It is the client's task, not the counselor's, to articulate and resolve his or her ambivalence
- Direct persuasion is not an effective method for resolving ambivalence
- The counseling style is generally quiet and elicits information from the client
How to conduct a motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing: four steps to get started
- Ask open-ended questions instead of “yes” or “no” questions. For example, you might begin the conversation with...
- Offer affirmations. When you review your patients’ goals, take joy in their successes and express empathy during...
- Practice reflective listening. Reflective listening involves letting patients...
What is Motivational Interviewing in simple terms?
MI is considered a client-centered approach to psychotherapy and is used in the field of clinical psychology. During MI, your therapist guides you through an interview process to help you find your own reasons to make behavior changes. The goal of MI is to help people change through their own motivations.
What are the 4 main processes of Motivational Interviewing?
The 4 Processes include Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, and Planning. These processes are not linear or a step by step guide to MI. Engaging naturally comes first because you need to have good engagement prior to having a conversation about change.
Is Motivational Interviewing a theoretical model?
Motivational Interviewing: A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Human Behavior and the Social Environment.
What are the 5 skills of of Motivational Interviewing?
Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries are the primary skills necessary to practice and provide the foundation of MI. Change occurs when people give voice to their own reasons for change. These skills encourage the client to explore problems and to talk.
What techniques are used in motivational interviewing?
The “OARS” acronym highlights four essential aspects of motivational interviewing.Ask open-ended questions instead of “yes” or “no” questions. ... Offer affirmations. ... Practice reflective listening. ... Summarize the visit.
Why is motivational interviewing important?
Why Motivational Interviewing Works. MI is effective because it allows a client to identify what thoughts and feelings cause unhealthy or unwanted behaviors. At the same time, it helps the client build new thought patterns that make changing behaviors easier or even possible.
Is Mi evidence-based?
Motivational interviewing (MI) is an effective, evidence-based technique for helping clients resolve ambivalence about behaviors that prevent change.
Who started Motivational Interviewing?
William R. MillerMotivational interviewing was originally developed in part by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the 1980s to support patients with substance use disorders. Since then, it's moved beyond the addictive disorders field into public health, medical care, criminal justice, education, sports, and even parenting.
What is Motivational Interviewing Carl Rogers?
As with Rogers' work 70 years ago, MI began as an inductive empirical approach, observing clinical practice to develop and test hypotheses about what actually promotes change. Research on MI bridges the current divide between evidence-based practice and the well-established importance of therapeutic relationship.
What are the 5 principles of MI?
Principles of Motivational Interviewing. ... Acceptance facilitates change: express acceptance, not agreement. ... Awareness of consequences is important: elicit the patient's concerns. ... Resistance is a signal to change strategies. ... Use momentum to your advantage. ... Belief that change is possible is an important motivator. ... •
What is the first basic principle of motivational interviewing?
Principle 1: Express Empathy Expressing empathy towards a participant shows acceptance and increases the chance of the counselor and participant developing a rapport. Acceptance enhances self-esteem and facilitates change.
Who is motivational interviewing used for?
Motivational interviewing works best for people who have mixed feelings about changing their behavior. If you have absolutely no desire to change your behavior, or are already highly motivated to change, you may not reap the benefits of this approach.
What is the spirit of motivational interviewing?
The “Spirit” of Motivational Interviewing The spirit of MI is based on three key elements: collaboration between the therapist and the client; evoking or drawing out the client's ideas about change; and emphasizing the autonomy of the client.
What is Mi in psychology?
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a counseling approach designed to help individuals resolve ambivalence about their alcohol and/or drug use, and support efforts to change it. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is often delivered as a brief intervention based on client-centered principles.
What is motivational interviewing social work?
What is motivational interviewing? The four processes Miller and Rollnick outline in motivational interviewing include engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning. The approach uses skills and techniques to foster a partnership with clients, with elements including: Collaboration.
When It's Used
Motivational interviewing is often used to address addiction and the management of physical health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease,...
What to Expect
In a supportive manner, a motivational interviewer encourages clients to talk about their need for change and their own reasons for wanting to chan...
How It Works
The process is twofold. The first goal is to increase the person’s motivation and the second is for the person to make the commitment to change. As...
What Is Motivational Interviewing?
Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach designed to help people find the motivation to make a positive behavior change. This client-centered approach is particularly effective for people who have mixed feelings about changing their behavior.
How to support self efficacy?
Support Self-Efficacy. Self-efficacy is a person's belief or confidence in their ability to perform a target behavior. 2 A counselor following the motivational interviewing approach supports their client's self-efficacy by reinforcing their power to make the changes they want.
What is reflection in therapy?
Reflection is a foundational skill of motivational interviewing and how therapists express empathy.
How to find a counselor for health insurance?
If you have health insurance, you can call your insurance company or use their online search tool to find a trained counselor in your area.
What is the spirit of a therapist?
According to Miller and Rollnick, the "spirit" is collaborative, evocative, and honors client autonomy. 1. In order for motivational interviewing to be effective, the therapist must maintain this overall "spirit.".
What is collaboration instead of confrontation?
Collaboration Instead of Confrontation. Collaboration is a partnership formed between the counselor and the client. In motivational interviewing, this relationship is based on the point of view and experiences of the client.
Why are people reluctant to go to therapy?
People may initially be reluctant to go to therapy for fear of being judged by their therapist. Some may even feel guilty about their negative behavior, making that judgment valid in their eyes. But judgment is not what motivational interviewing is about.
Why do people use motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing is often used to address addiction and the management of physical health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and asthma. This intervention helps people become motivated to change the behaviors that are preventing them from making healthier choices.
What is the role of a therapist?
The role of the therapist is more about listening than intervening. Motivational interviewing is often combined or followed up with other interventions, such as cognitive therapy, support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and stress management training.
What is the role of an interviewer?
The role of the interviewer is mainly to evoke a conversation about change and commitment. The interviewer listens and reflects back the client’s thoughts so that the client can hear their reasons and motivations expressed back to them.
Why do people say "commitment out loud"?
As opposed to simply stating a need or desire to change, hearing themselves express a commitment out loud has been shown to help improve a client’s ability to actually make those changes.
Can a therapy intervention be used for someone who is unmotivated?
Research has shown that this intervention works well with individuals who start off unmotivated or unprepared for change. It is less useful for those who are already motivated to change.
What is motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing (MI) (7), which originated in the field of addiction treatment, is a promising concept for encouraging motivation to change in patients that are currently either unwilling or ambivalent to change, and can be deployed even with limited time resources. Since the first publications on the approach in the early 1980s, it has also been increasingly used, and successfully so, in other disciplines. This article presents the basic principles of the approach from the perspective of their applicability in medical practice. To assess the effectiveness of the method, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases since 2005 on the effectiveness of MI across disorders in medical treatment settings, as well as on the effectiveness of MI on medication adherence, were selectively searched and summarized using the search terms (“Motivational Interviewing” AND (“primary care” OR “medical care”).
How does active listening help with patient behavior?
Active listening makes it possible to discover and focus on the patient’s concerns regarding their problem behavior. As part of this process, the clinician reflects back to the patient the essential content of their statements. Furthermore, active listening not only has the effect that the individual experiences understanding, it also enables the problem to be considered more deeply through increased self-exploration. At least 50% of reflections should be complex and go beyond simple repetition (12). Complex reflections refer either to non-explicit content that is inferred or to emotional elements (for example, patient: “I do think my cough comes from smoking.”; physician: “And that worries you.”). In good MI, at least two reflections should be used per question asked.
What is the attitude of acceptance and empathy?
A fundamental attitude of acceptance and empathy towards the patient’s needs, experiences, and points of view. In addition to unconditional regard for the patient, this includes ensuring their autonomy of choice and decision-making in relation to behavior change as well as the desired goals and methods of change (patient autonomy).
How to incorporate information into a patient's MI?
From a methodological perspective, this is achieved in a three-step process (elicit–provide–elicit) by first asking for consent (“Would you like to know more about…”), secondly, offering the information in a neutral way (for example, “Scientific studies have shown…”), and finally asking the patient for their view (for example, “What do you think about…”). Information that the patient does not want or that they perceive as threatening usually causes reactance.
What is the spirit of MI?
The fundamental spirit of MI is to encourage and strengthen a trusting relationship, which is key to treatment success and can be characterized by the following components (7):
What are the advantages and disadvantages of behavior change?
According to Janis and Mann’s conflict-theory model of decision-making (8), the advantages of healthy behaviors (such as better health prognosis and improved fitness, among others) are always countered by disadvantages of behavior change (for example, loss of hedonistic reinforcers, significant effort, possible side effects of medication). The assumption in MI is that people with problematic behaviors are not fundamentally unmotivated to change their behavior, but are instead ambivalent, that is to say, their problem behavior conflicts at least to some extent with their self-concepts, values, or life goals, with those affected potentially having subjectively good reasons against a behavior change. If this ambivalence is not recognized, well-intentioned medical advice is perceived by patients as an assault on their freedom of choice, which, according to socio-psychological reactance theory (9), increases their motivation to restore their own subjective power to make decisions. This, in turn, often results in non-compliance either in the form of open disagreement or non-adherence to recommendations. A prerequisite of sustained encouragement of motivation to change is that patients become more aware of their behavioral discrepancies and actively confront their behavior. Therefore, MI is defined as “a person-centered, goal-oriented style of communication with particular focus on expressions of change. The goal is to increase personal motivation for and commitment to behavior change by eliciting and intensifying a person’s own reasons for change in an atmosphere of acceptance and empathy” (7). In line with self-determination theory (SDT; [10]), the approach recognizes the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. As such, the atmosphere of acceptance and empathy represents a necessary condition for patients’ self-disclosure in interviews relating to difficult or stigmatized subjects such as substance use, overeating, or health problems. The authors of MI have repeatedly emphasized that MI is not a technique, but a fundamental therapeutic style that does not seek to make people change their behavior against their will. Roger’s person-centered therapy (11) forms an important basis of the approach, whereby MI is characterized by a goal-oriented approach and can essentially be combined with other therapeutic methods. The hallmark of MI is a differentiation into inner attitude (“human image”), methods and principles of implementation, as well as different processes of implementation (box 1).
How many intervention techniques are there in MI?
In addition to the basic principles of MI, the method includes altogether five intervention techniques, the importance of each of which may vary depending on the patient and the status of their treatment (7). The first four intervention techniques are methods that are also used in other schools of therapy, such as client-centered interviewing.
What Is Motivational Interviewing?
Motivational interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic approach used to explore and resolve ambivalence about behavior change. There is a strong evidence base to suggest that it reduces substance use problems and a growing evidence base for other problems. MI is an empathic therapeutic approach that explores and resolves lingering ambivalence about change. The clinician intentionally pursues the resolution of ambivalence and initiation of positive change as central goals, while maintaining focus on the client’s concerns, perceptions, hopes, and goals rather than on those of the provider. MI communications are primarily reflections, open questions, and affirmations, avoiding an expert stance implied by a clinician-centered therapeutic agenda and heavy use of closed questions, information-provision, and advice. Thus while focusing on and eliciting the client’s perceptions, the MI clinician explores areas of unresolved ambivalence and guides the client to resolve them to improve the client’s life.
What is the second process of change?
The second process, focusing, primarily involves the mutual discovery of the direction of client change and intended goals involved in making a change . Clients may initially present with a very clear direction and intended outcome. If so, the process of focusing is primarily about developing a shared understanding of what the client already knows. At other times, multiple change priorities may compete with one another, and focusing involves helping clients explore and sort those, as well as decide whether multiple discrete changes may be better bundled together in a broader program of change. Becoming more assertive is a broader theme that may be more readily addressed than focusing on each distinct situation in which the client feels unable to speak up, defend himself or herself, set limits, and so on. “Quitting use of all psychoactive substances” may be clearer and more attainable than “quitting smoking, reducing drinking, and moderating caffeine intake.”
How does MI work?
MI techniques have been described in cognitive and behavioral terms, as means to positively resolve tension created by unresolved ambivalence about change. Wagner and Ingersoll presented an alternative conceptualization of MI. Elicitation of negative emotions (e.g., by developing discrepancy) helps clients by narrowing their focus to areas in which they feel discontent, which leads toward them wanting to escape from the current unsatisfactory situation or avoid a future unsatisfactory situation. In contrast, the concept of positive reinforcement involves seeking positive states through behaviors that lead toward more satisfying conditions. From this perspective, motivation involves a desire to experience positive emotions. A positive emotions model encourages a view of motivation that emphasizes opening up to new experiences and actively seeking to build resources to support change and is consistent with the Broaden and Build model of positive emotions in motivation. Elicitation of the positive emotion of interest may lead to greater openness to experiencing. When a client experiences interest (or related emotions such as wonder or curiosity), his or her cognitive focus broadens to consider options that previously had been overlooked or rejected. This increased flexibility in conceptualizing situations may then facilitate resolution of ambivalence and increased openness to engage in activities that lead toward change. As the person acts in the newly considered direction, he or she may improve certain skills and increase the likelihood of achieving a desired outcome. Movement in this positive direction may increase confidence, sense of accomplishment, self-esteem and mood, thus establishing these increased resources for the person to draw upon in service of even more profound changes. After analyzing common MI techniques and strategies through the lens of the broaden-and-build model, Wagner and Ingersoll concluded that MI elicits positive emotions of interest, hope, contentment, and inspiration by inviting clients to envision a better future, to remember past successes, and to gain confidence in their abilities to improve their lives.
What is the motivational influence of MI?
MI is dependent on the development of a collaborative relationship between practitioner and client. Without this, the motivational influence of MI is likely to be quite limited. In MI, the engaging process involves two essential elements: (1) engaging them in a conversation that facilitates the process of self-exploration and disclosure; and (2) engaging them in a trusting, collaborative relationship focused on developing a shared understanding of the client’s inner life as it relates to making positive changes. Good engagement brings clients to a place of openness and nondefensiveness. Clients let go of early questions they may have about the practitioner, the process of counseling, whether they will be looked down on or supported, how safe it is to reveal what they really think and do, and to what extent have they been telling themselves lies or half-truths about a stigmatized habit, pattern, or way of being. With these questions answered or at least made less prominent in clients’ minds, they can more honestly and carefully consider their current situation and their options to move forward toward a better future.
Is there a theory of MI?
Currently, there is no comprehensive theory of MI that thoroughly explains its actions or drives its development, although there are several papers that hypothesize likely threads. In this section, we consider how an emerging model of MI might be woven from the threads of self-determination theory, the transtheoretical model of behavior change, emotions theory, interpersonal theory and psychotherapy, and data on MI and some of its potential mechanisms.
What was the motivational interview?
His original clinical description of motivational interviewing (Miller, 1983) was an unanticipated product of interacting with a group of colleagues there. He had been invited to lecture on behavioral treatment for alcohol problems, and also was asked to meet regularly with a group of young psychologists.
What was the first multisite trial of MET?
The first multisite trial of MET was Project MATCH , a 9-site psychotherapy trial with 1,726 clients (Project MATCH Research Group, 1993). Outcomes through 3 years of follow-up were similar for a 4-session MET and the two 12-session treatment methods with which it was compared, yielding a cost-effectiveness advantage for MET (Babor & Del Boca, 2003; Holder et al., 2000; Project MATCH Research Group, 1997, 1998a). Similar findings emerged from the 3-site United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial comparing MET with an 8-session family-involved behavior therapy (Copello et al., 2001; UKATT Research Team, 2005a, 2005b).
What is the difference between maintainers and changers?
Changers (who had been using on 80% of days) began the session with strong commitment to continued drug use, where as Maintainers (who had been abstinent on 80% of days) began the session more ambivalent, committing neither to abstinence nor to continued use.
What are the components of motivation for change?
Using the same clinical trial MI tapes, he differentiated change talk into linguistic subcategories reflecting various components of motivation for change: desire, ability, reasons, need, and commitment. Rather than recording the mere occurrence of these speech acts, he used an established taxonomy to rate the strength of utterances favoring change (drug abstinence) or status quo (continued drug use). His three years of work yielded valuable insights into processes of MI. One of the six linguistic categories directly and robustly predicted behavior change: strength of commitmentlanguage. The strength of expressed desire, ability, reasons, and need for change all reliably predicted the strength of commitment, but none of them directly predicted behavior change. In this sense, these seemed to be preparatory steps toward commitment. Furthermore, it was the patternof commitment strength that predicted outcome: A positive slope of commitment strength across the MI session was associated with abstinence during the subsequent year, with strongest prediction derived from client speech toward the end of the session (Amrhein, Miller, Yahne, Palmer, & Fulcher, 2003). Why had we previously failed to detect this effect? In essence, we had been studying the wrong parameter (intercept instead of slope) for the wrong measure (frequency instead of strength) of the wrong variable (change talk instead of commitment) during the wrong part of the session (beginning instead of end).
What is the second link in the chain?
A second link in the chain is the relationship between client change talk and outcome (paths 3–4 and 5 in Figure 1). The prediction here is that behavior change will be directly related to clients’ change talk during an MI session, and inversely related to sustain talk.
What are the components of a dcu?
These were summarized by the mnemonic acronym FRAMES: Feedback, emphasis on personal Responsibility, Advice, a Menu of options, an Empathic counseling style, and support for Self-efficacy. This led to development of a “drinker’s check-up” (DCU) to manifest these components (Miller & Sovereign, 1989). The DCU combined MI with personal feedback of assessment findings in relation to population or clinical norms. The DCU was expected to increase engagement in treatment for alcohol problems, similar to effects previously reported by Chafetz et al. (1962). A randomized trial, however, showed no effect on treatment-seeking relative to a waiting list control (Miller, Sovereign, & Krege, 1988). Instead, the DCU group showed an abrupt decrease in their drinking, a change that was mirrored when the waiting list control group was subsequently given a DCU. This finding was replicated in another randomized trial (Miller, Benefield, & Tonigan, 1993). It appeared that the DCU alone induced significant change in problem drinking. This particular combination of MI with assessment feedback was later termed “motivational enhancement therapy” (MET) and developed into a manual-guided brief treatment (Miller, Zweben, DiClemente, & Rychtarik, 1992).
What is failure to confirm expectations?
Failure to confirm expectations is a particularly fruitful point of meeting between the scientific contexts of justification and discovery. Unexpected findings, if taken seriously, lead one back to the drawing board of discovery to develop a better theory for subsequent testing.
How motivated is a client to make a change?
Ask your client to describe how motivated they are to make a change on a scale of 1 to 10. At 1, they have no motivation to change , and 10 they have no doubt about wanting to change. It can be helpful to present them with a ruler or the linked worksheet to help them visualize the task.
What is motivational interviewing?
One approach to counseling called motivational interviewing emphasizes the importance of a person's motivation for change. Someone who thinks about leaving their job and searching for a new career will likely be wrought with ambivalence. Their thought process might look something like this: Pros of Current Career.
What is ambivalence in psychology?
"Ambivalence" refers to a person's mixed feelings about change. Motivation can be increased by exploring and resolving these feelings of ambivalence. You will use reflection, empathy, and various other techniques to help your client better understand their ambivalence, while subtly directing them toward a resolution.
When using motivational interviewing, the clinician will attempt to roll with the client's resistance.?
When using motivational interviewing, the clinician will attempt to roll with the client's resistance. This means, instead of engaging in an argument, you will continue to make sure the client feels heard through the use of reflections. During periods of resistance, you can use several different reflection techniques to continue moving the conversation forward.
What is client centered interview?
Client-Centered. Using an empathetic style of interaction is a fundamental characteristic of motivational interviewing. This means expressing acceptance toward your client, even if you feel that their behaviors are harming them or their loved ones. You do not need to condone their behavior or agree--just accept.
What is a directive in therapy?
Directive. Although the therapist will be acting in a way that expresses acceptance of the client's behavior , they will also be subtly directing them toward change. This will be achieved by encouraging change talk, which will be described later in the guide.
How to help a client with their strengths?
If your client has difficulty generating their own strengths, try to lead them in the right direction while still encouraging them to be the one to generate the answers. Keep the conversation going by asking the client to elaborate when they are able to come up with strengths.
What is motivational interviewing?
The Motivational Interviewing (MI) technique was developed as a result of the ambivalence displayed by individuals with substance use disorders to therapists during both the initial assessment of their issues and their treatment. William Miller initially developed some ideas and guidelines for the initial interviews of individuals ...
How to motivate a patient to change?
According to the book Motivational Interviewing in Health Care: Helping Patients Change Behavior, when clients are resistant to change, therapists need to be directive but not forceful. In general, the Motivational Interviewing model assumes the following: 1 The therapist should be directive and help the client to examine any ambivalence they have regarding change. 2 The motivation to change is drawn out from the client; it is never forced on the client. 3 Trying to directly persuade the client that they need to change will not resolve their ambivalence toward change; there is also a body of research evidence to suggest this is true. 4 It is the client’s job to resolve their ambivalence toward change; this is not the task of the therapist. 5 The therapist helps the client to examine their ambivalence and to resolve ambivalence regarding change. 6 The readiness to change is not a trait but a result of an interpersonal interaction that occurs with the client and other forces (e.g., a therapist).
What is the first stage of substance abuse?
Stage 1: The earliest stage an individual might fall into is the Precontemplation Stage. In this stage, the person may be experiencing some negative issues associated with their substance use; however, they do not perceive these issues as potentially serious enough to motivate them to consider changing their behavior.
Why is MI used?
The MI technique was designed to help clinicians to identify where individuals with substance abuse issues stood regarding their understanding of their substance abuse. Since the initial conception of the technique, there have been many refinements that have resulted in the technique being used for numerous other purposes.
What is the initial task of a therapist?
Thus, the initial task of the therapist is to identify where the client stands on their willingness to accept their need for change and their understanding of their issues. Once the person’s starting point is identified, it becomes a matter of adjusting treatment to fit the needs and understanding of the client.
How to develop a therapeutic alliance with the client?
Develop a therapeutic alliance with the client by discussing the client’s concerns, issues, and goals
Why are meta-analytic studies important?
This feature of all research emphasizes the importance of having treatment providers who can critically evaluate research evidence and understand how to apply it.
What makes it MI?
the question, What makes it MI? According to them, MI is a conversation about change. Its pur- pose is to evoke and strengthen a client’s personal motivation for change. Miller and Rollnick (2010) provided a pragmatic practitioner’s definition, which is “Motivational interviewing is a person- centered counseling method for addressing the common problem of ambivalence about behavior change.” The researchers also supplied a technical therapeutic definition of MI, which is as follows:
What is motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing is a collaborative, goal-. oriented method of communication with particular attention to the language of change. It is intended to strengthen personal motivation for and com- mitment to a target behavior change by eliciting and exploring an individual’s own arguments for change.
What is the difference between change theory and MI?
Central to both theoretical approaches is the issue of change. For instance, MI includes stages of change as part of its treatment package , while change theory considers the motivation of clients during various stages of change. There has also been some cross-fertilization or collaboration with key individuals involved with both theories, and both theories were developed during the 1980s (Miller, 1983; Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984). Abbreviated biographical sketches are provided for both Prochaska and DiClemente.
How many elements are there in a definitive?
There are three essential elements in any defini
What is the key decision and developments in his life governed by?
key decisions and developments in his life were governed by happenstance. To what extent has your life been influenced by
What is the origin of MI?
Miller (2004) and Miller and Rose (2009) have indicated that MI was originally based on principles derived from Miller’s clinical practice with problem drinkers and that MI principles were enunciated prior to the actual development of the theory. Rollnick’s significant contribution to MI came in 1991 when he added the concept of
Who coauthored the original MI book?
met Stephen Rollnick, who indicated that MI was a popular addiction treatment in the United King - dom, and he encouraged Miller to publish more about MI. Miller and Rollnick coauthored the original MI book (Miller & Rollnick, 1991). MI has come a long way since its early begin- ning in 1983.
