What is oligodontia and how is it treated?
Oligodontia is defined by the lack of at least six definitive teeth, excluding wisdom teeth, resulting from hypodevelopment of teeth germs. The pathology can be isolated, or can be associated with other ectodermal abnormalities and syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip and palate.2 Non-syndromic hypodontia are more common.
What are the symptoms of oligodontia?
It is common to see the existing teeth undersized or conical in shape. There are retained primary teeth and often delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Oligodontia is associated with various genetic syndromes. These include ectodermal dysplasia, Van Der Woude syndrome and Down syndrome.
What is the difference between agenesis and oligodontia?
Dental agenesis is a term that refers to those born without one or more teeth. According to the Oral Health Group, this is the most common congenital (affects you from birth) condition in humans. Oligodontia is a specific type of agenesis that causes you to be born without six or more teeth (not counting wisdom teeth).
What is oligodontia (absence of teeth)?
Oligodontia (absence of teeth) is a developmental disorder when one or more teeth are absent. Basil J. Zitelli MD, in Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis, 2018 Variations in tooth number include both hyperdontia and hypodontia.
What causes oligodontia?
Possible causes of oligodontia include viral disease during pregnancy, genetic predisposition, metabolic imbalances, developmental abnormalities and environmental factors. Autosomal dominant mutations in PAX9 and MSX1 have been found in patients with molar non-syndromic oligodontia.
Is oligodontia a birth defect?
According to the Oral Health Group, this is the most common congenital (affects you from birth) condition in humans. Oligodontia is a specific type of agenesis that causes you to be born without six or more teeth (not counting wisdom teeth). Causes of teeth absent from birth include: Genetic syndromes.
What type of mutation causes oligodontia?
Oligodontia Is Caused by Mutation in LTBP3, the Gene Encoding Latent TGF-β Binding Protein 3 - PMC. The . gov means it's official. Federal government websites often end in .
How common is oligodontia?
It is a relatively rare condition affecting 0.1–0.2 % of the population. Oligodontia can occur as an isolated nonsyndromic condition or as a part of a syndrome.
Is oligodontia a genetic disorder?
Oligodontia is genetic as well and is the term used to describe a condition in which six or more teeth are missing. Hypodontia/oligodontia/anodontia might be considered as a unique clinical entity but with increasing severity.
Is having no teeth a disability?
Therefore, an individual should be considered to have a dental disability if orofacial pain, infection, or pathological condition and/or lack of functional dentition affect nutritional intake, growth and development, or participation in life activities.
Can people be born without teeth?
Some people are born without certain teeth, and this condition is called congenitally missing teeth. Genetic factors cause congenitally missing teeth and this condition is often seen in generations of a family. The most common missing teeth are wisdom teeth, upper lateral incisors, and second premolars/bicuspids.
How common is missing permanent teeth?
Although most people will end up with a complete set of thirty-two permanent teeth, sometimes one or more teeth may fail to develop. This hypodontia is one of the most common developmental abnormalities in dentistry, with up to 20% of all adults missing at least one tooth.
What causes teeth to not develop?
Besides genetic causes, experts suggest that advanced maternal age, low birth weight, maternal smoking, incidences of rubella, and other hormonal, environmental and infectious conditions may also be linked to missing teeth.
What happens to a person with ectodermal dysplasia?
People with ectodermal dysplasia have a lack of sweat glands. This means they may not sweat or sweat less than normal. In children with the disease, their bodies may have a problem controlling fevers. When the skin cannot sweat, it is hard for the body to control temperature properly.
What is the most common congenitally missing tooth?
If you are born with lesser teeth than an average person, you have hypodontia. It is also commonly known as congenitally missing teeth (CMT). It affects both baby and permanent teeth. The most common congenitally missing teeth are second premolars, wisdom teeth, and upper lateral incisors.
What syndromes are associated with hypodontia?
Ectodermal dysplasia, oral-facial-digital syndromes, and syndromes with oral-facial clefting such as Pierre-Robin sequence and Van Der Woude syndrome are conditions, which are associated with hypodontia.
What syndromes are associated with hypodontia?
Ectodermal dysplasia, oral-facial-digital syndromes, and syndromes with oral-facial clefting such as Pierre-Robin sequence and Van Der Woude syndrome are conditions, which are associated with hypodontia.
What is the most common congenitally missing tooth?
If you are born with lesser teeth than an average person, you have hypodontia. It is also commonly known as congenitally missing teeth (CMT). It affects both baby and permanent teeth. The most common congenitally missing teeth are second premolars, wisdom teeth, and upper lateral incisors.
Which is most frequently affected by root Dilaceration?
Results: Root dilaceration was detected in 0.3% of teeth and 7.2% of patients. It was distributed equally between the maxilla and mandible. Mandibular second molar was the most frequent dilacerated tooth (1.6%) followed by maxillary first molar (1.3%) and mandibular first molar (0.6%).
Does hypodontia include wisdom teeth?
Hypodontia (missing teeth), is a congenital condition which is characterized by one to five missing permanent teeth (not including the third molars/wisdom teeth) due to lack of development. Hypodontia is a type of tooth agenesis, a common developmental anomaly involving the absence of teeth.
What is the difference between hypodontia and oligodontia?
Hypodontia refers to one or more missing teeth, whereas the term oligodontia is used when more than six teeth are missing. A total absence of teeth is known as anodontia and is seen primarily in association with ectodermal dysplasia. The dental lamina is extremely sensitive to external influences, and damage prior to tooth formation possibly can result in hypodontia. Local trauma, infection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, medications, endocrine abnormalities, and severe intrauterine disturbances have been associated with missing teeth.
What is hypodontia associated with?
Hypodontia/ oligodontia /anodontia (which may be associated with other features of an ectodermal dysplasia ).
What are the conditions of missing teeth?
Different terms are used to describe the condition of congenitally missing teeth: hypodontia, oligodontia, anodontia, congenitally missing teeth, and dental agenesis. Anodontia refers to patients with the complete absence of teeth; oligodontia refers to patients with the absence of six or more teeth apart from the third molars.54 Genetics, developmental anomalies, endocrine disturbances, and local factors such as pathology, facial trauma, and medical treatment have also been mentioned as etiologic factors. 14 Developmental anomalies associated with tooth agenesis include delayed tooth formation, prolonged primary tooth exfoliation, retained primary teeth, interdental spacing, reduced alveolar bone development, and increased freeway space. 70 Tooth agenesis has also been related to reduced jaw size.
What is the term for the lack of teeth?
Oligodontia is defined by the lack of at least six definitive teeth, excluding wisdom teeth, resulting from hypodevelopment of teeth germs. The pathology can be isolated, or can be associated with other ectodermal abnormalities and syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip and palate.2 Non-syndromic hypodontia are more common. ...
What is the term for the absence of one or more teeth?
Hypodontia. Hypodontia refers to the developmental absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. The term “oligodontia” is used for six or more missing teeth and “anodontia” for complete absence of teeth.
What is the most common tooth missing in a deciduous dentition?
Hypodontia is uncommon in the deciduous dentition. The most commonly missing teeth are the third molars, mandibular second molars, maxillary permanent lateral incisors, and maxillary second premolars. In contrast, the least commonly missing permanent teeth are the maxillary central incisors, the maxillary and mandibular first molars, and the mandibular canines. Hypodontia demonstrates a female predominance, with affected individuals demonstrating teeth that generally are smaller than normal and often have a more simplified shape.
How many genes are involved in hypodontia?
With more than 200 genes known to be involved in odontogenesis, genetics exert a strong influence on tooth numbers. Hypodontia may be an isolated finding, or it may be a component of various genetic syndromes that are inherited as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked traits. At least 111 syndromes are known to be associated with hypodontia, with another 80 associated with oligodontia. Mutations in five genes (AXIN2, MSX1, PAX9, EDA, WNT10A) have been confirmed to be associated with isolated hypodontia, and another 79 gene mutations have been found in association with a wide variety of syndromes that may include hypodontia as a feature. Of significant interest is AXIN2 because of its association with both hypodontia and carcinoma of the colon. Other investigators also have suggested an association between hypodontia and other forms of human cancer, but these correlations are less strong. It must be stressed that in the majority of the cases of hypodontia, the involved genes have yet to be discovered.
What is hypodontia associated with?
Hypodontia/ oligodontia /anodontia (which may be associated with other features of an ectodermal dysplasia ).
What is the name of the condition where the nails are not smooth?
This syndrome is characterized by severe hypodontia, nail dystrophy ranging from onychodysplasia to total absence of nails, smooth tongue, dry skin, keratoderma and hyperhidrosis of palms and soles.
How to treat agenesis of teeth?
Optimally, agenesis should be detected as early as possible during childhood, and treatment should begin with a paediatric prosthesis being put in place as soon as the child accepts it . Its aims are to allow the normal development of the oral functions and to obtain the most balanced facial growth possible, in order to enable an implanto-carried prosthetic rehabilitation in adulthood. The global treatment includes four phases:
How many genes are involved in hypodontia?
With more than 200 genes known to be involved in odontogenesis, genetics exert a strong influence on tooth numbers. Hypodontia may be an isolated finding, or it may be a component of various genetic syndromes that are inherited as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked traits. At least 111 syndromes are known to be associated with hypodontia, with another 80 associated with oligodontia. Mutations in five genes (AXIN2, MSX1, PAX9, EDA, WNT10A) have been confirmed to be associated with isolated hypodontia, and another 79 gene mutations have been found in association with a wide variety of syndromes that may include hypodontia as a feature. Of significant interest is AXIN2 because of its association with both hypodontia and carcinoma of the colon. Other investigators also have suggested an association between hypodontia and other forms of human cancer, but these correlations are less strong. It must be stressed that in the majority of the cases of hypodontia, the involved genes have yet to be discovered.
How to manage a missing tooth?
The management of congenitally missing permanent teeth requires a thorough evaluation of arch length, occlusion, and facial growth patterns, given the long-term consequences to aesthetic and functional arch alignment in terms of which specific tooth is missing, adjacent teeth drifting into the space, the distribution of the space, and supraeruption of opposing teeth. Early consultation with the orthodontist and prosthodontist is important in determining appropriate care. If one or both of the permanent maxillary lateral incisors are missing, the dentist must decide whether to hold space for prosthetic replacements or to encourage the permanent canine to erupt mesially into the lateral incisor position. In the latter instance, the mesial eruption path of the adjacent permanent canines may erupt fully forward into the lateral space and naturally compensate for the missing lateral incisors. This pattern of “canine replacement” is particularly beneficial when the patient presents with excessive maxillary overjet and dental protrusion or a significant tooth size discrepancy that would benefit from an extraction protocol. Consolidation of the maxillary arch form with canine “replacement” leads to reduction of the protrusive overjet and compensation for a tooth mass discrepancy. Orthodontic treatment is generally needed to place the canine in the correct axial inclination before the crown is reshaped to resemble the lateral. In some instances, the shape of the canine may not be favorable to use as a lateral, even with extensive recontouring. In contrast, a patient with Class I or Class III relationships and more normal alignment spacing usually benefits from having the canines in their normal A-P positions and restoration of the missing lateral incisors with prosthodontic treatment ( Fig. 22-57 ). If the canines are erupting too far forward from their normal positions in this case, timely removal of the primary canines may enhance a more distal eruption path toward normal canine positions. However, with the advent of implants for replacement of lateral incisors, that recommendation has changed. According to Kokich, 55 the ideal situation is to encourage the canine to erupt adjacent to the permanent central incisor. After it has erupted, it can be moved distally into its normal position. By distal movement of the tooth, bone is maintained in forming an alveolar ridge with adequate buccal lingual width to facilitate proper implant placement.
Is AXIN2 involved in oligodontia?
AXIN2 seems also involved in sporadic forms of common incisor agenesis [204] or isolated oligodontia [205].
What is the prevalence of missing primary teeth?
The prevalence of missing primary teeth ranges between 0.1% and 0.7%, with absence usually located in the maxillary or mandibular incisor areas.
What is oligodontia in dentistry?
Managing Oligodontia: A Case Report. Oligodontia is a dental abnormality in patients with multiple missing teeth. It is a hereditary disorder in which there is agenesis of six or more teeth. An oligodontia patient. The teeth that are most often absent are the premolars (15 to 32 percent), the maxillary lateral incisors (27 percent) ...
How many teeth are missing in hypodontia?
Hypodontia (less than six missing teeth) is more common. Having a significant number of missing teeth is challenging for the patients, relative to function and esthetics. It is also challenging for dentists to manage these cases for an extended length of time.
Can oligodontia have retained teeth?
It is common with oligodontia to have retained primary teeth. Without the permanent tooth replacements, the primary tooth roots do not resorb at the expected rate. The templates provide opportunity to preview possibilities for tooth size and shape changes.
Is oligodontia a genetic disorder?
There are retained primary teeth and often delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Oligodontia is associated with various genetic syndromes.
Do oligodontia require restoration of tooth size?
As you observe from the image provided, there were tooth size discrepancies of the remaining permanent teeth. The microdontia that commonly occurs with oligodontia requires restoration of tooth size. The maxillary cuspids require increased contouring to improve esthetics and provide more normal-sized lateral incisors.
What is the difference between microdontia and macrodontia?
In short, the difference between these dental conditions, is the size of the teeth. In microdontia the tooth is smaller than an average sized tooth and in macrodontia the tooth is over enlarged.
How to treat hyperdontia?
Treatment generally involves the removal of supernumerary teeth where possible .
What is the most common type of dentofacial malformation?
Of all dentofacial malformations in humans, hypodontia is most prevalent. This is a condition where one to five teeth do not develop, excluding wisdom teeth. These types of anomalies are also known as tooth agenesis, aplasia of teeth, or congenitally missing teeth. Most affected patients have only one or two missing teeth, with the most common being permanent second premolars and upper lateral incisors. Though rare, there is also an association between hypodontia in primary teeth and corresponding successor teeth. More severe forms of tooth agenesis are classified as oligodontia, the absence of six or more permanent teeth, and anodontia, the absence of all primary or permanent teeth.
What is it called when you have more than 20 teeth?
This condition is characterized by having an excess amount of teeth. A person who develops more than 20 primary teeth or 32 secondary teeth has hyperdontia. Health and dental professionals refer to these extra teeth as supernumerary teeth. They can occur in both the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) dental arch, ...
What causes a tooth to germinate?
Possible causes include genetics, environmental factors, and over activity of dental lamina (zone of cells that initiates tooth germ formation) during tooth development. Common risk factors for hyperdontia include a variety of syndromes or conditions such as Gardner syndrome, Ehler-Danlos syndrome, and cleft lip and palate.
What is the best treatment for missing teeth?
But patients missing more teeth often require more than just orthodontics. The most permanent treatment options are dental implants. Here the dentist places a titanium rod rooted to the jawbone and tops it with a crown. Dental implants will look and function just like natural teeth.
Is microdontia a risk for hypodontia?
Microdontia, where teeth appear smaller than normal, is a widely reported risk of hypodontia. Another common feature of tooth agenesis includes delay in tooth development. The lack of a permanent successor delays the root resorption of primary teeth, and the patient can retain the deciduous tooth for 40 or 50 years. There is also an association between hypodontia and taurodontism, short roots of permanent teeth, typically lower first molars. Some other risks include ectopic eruption of permanent teeth, transposition of teeth, and enamel hypoplasia.
What is oligodontia in Ontario?
In Ontario, young oligodontia patients are usually identified by their general or pediatric dentist and can be referred to The On tario Cleft Lip and Palate/Craniofacial Dental Program. This program is funded by the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and provides financial assistance for the specialized dental needs of affected individuals. The eligible patients who are accepted into the program are entitled to one course of treatment, completed by 22 years of age, as long as certified dental specialists complete the procedures. The patients do have a choice in the dental specialists performing the treatments, as the team of dental specialists involved does not have to be hospital based.
What is a physical exam for oligodontia?
A thorough physical exam of the hairs, nails, sweat glands, and eyes to check for congenital disorders can be conducted to differentiate between syndromic and non-syndromic oligodontia. Oligodontia patients often display characteristics such as conical shaped teeth, microdontia, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, ...
Which teeth are most affected by bilateral agenesis?
The most affected teeth are maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary and mandibular second premolars, and the least affected teeth are maxillary central incisors, maxillary first molars, and mandibular canines. Several studies have reported that bilateral agenesis of teeth is more common than the unilateral form. 3,4. Advertisement.
What causes congentially absent permanent teeth?
The biologic basis of congentially absent permanent teeth is explained partially by the failure of lingual or distal proliferation of tooth bud cells from the dental lamina. Tooth agenesis can be caused by environmental factors such as viral disease during pregnancy, metabolic imbalances, irradiation, tumour, or due to genetic factors, or to both. Mutations in transcription factors MSX1 and PAX9 have been identified as playing a major role in autosomal dominant oligodontia. Both genes play a critical role in early tooth development. All mutations of the PAX9 gene identified to date have been associated with non-syndromic form of tooth agenesis. 7
What is the rarest type of tooth agenesis?
In literature, congenital tooth agenesis can be categorized as anodontia, hypodontia, or oligodontia. Anodontia, the complete absence of teeth, is the rarest of the three categories. Hypodontia, refers to the absence of one to six teeth.
Is oligodontia a genetic disorder?
Oligodontia is a rare condition that can occur in association with genetic syndrome s, or as a non-syndromic isolated familial trait, or as a sporadic finding. The prevalence of non-syndromic oligodontia varies from 0.16% to 0.36% depending on the population studied. 2,5,6 Oligodontia in non-syndromic form or familial form is more common ...
