Full Answer
What does OTX mean in pharma?
OTX medications are drugs which are not prescription-only, but are nonetheless largely prescribed by doctors; they are not always reimbursed by health insurers. Parapharmaceuticals. Products such as wound dressings that are sold along with pharmaceuticals but do not meet the legal definition of a pharmaceutical.
What is the difference between OTC and OTX?
The Indian pharmaceutical market is driven by three forces: the Rx (prescription) market force, the OTC (over-the-counter) sales trend and OTX (where products enjoy both prescription patronage and over-the-counter sales).
What is Rx and OTC?
This blog was updated on June 4, 2020. There are two general classifications of drugs: prescription only (Rx only) and over-the-counter (OTC). Prescription only drugs are only available with a valid prescription from a prescriber.
What does OTC mean in medical terms?
Refers to a medicine that can be bought without a prescription (doctor's order). Examples include analgesics (pain relievers), such as aspirin and acetaminophen. Also called nonprescription and over-the-counter.
Is OTC and p2p the same?
Although order to cash and procure to pay may seem relatively similar, they describe very different processes. Essentially, order to cash comprises all the business processes related to a sale, whereas procure to pay includes all the business processes related to procurement from suppliers (i.e., purchase requisition).
Why is OTC called OTC?
The over-the-counter market—commonly known as the OTC market—is where securities that aren't listed on the major exchanges are traded. Stocks and bonds that trade on the OTC market are typically from smaller companies that don't meet the requirements to be listed on a major exchange.
What are the 3 types of medicines?
Understanding Types of MedicineOver-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Over-the-counter drugs are medicines you can buy at pharmacies, convenience and grocery stores without a prescription from your health care provider. ... Prescription medicines. ... Complementary medicines.
Who regulates OTC drugs?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulated most over-the-counter (OTC) drugs—that is, drugs available without a prescription—through the OTC monograph process.
What are examples of OTC drugs?
Medicines you can buy without a prescription are called non-prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. They may be taken to treat minor health problems at home. Examples of over-the-counter medicines are acetaminophen, aspirin, antacids, decongestants, antihistamines, and laxatives.
Is paracetamol an OTC drug?
Examples of OTC brands of acetaminophen are Tylenol, Paracetamol, and Panadol. Acetaminophen prescribed by a doctor is usually a stronger medicine.
What are OTC antibiotics?
Antibiotics Available Over the CounterBacitracin (Neosporin)Polymyxin (Polysporin)Neomycin (Neosporin Plus Pain Relief)Pramoxine.Benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)
What is the most common OTC drug?
Advil (Ibuprofen)Mobic (Meloxicam)Naprosyn (Naproxen)Neurontin (Gabapentin)Pepcid AC (Famotidine)Rayos (Prednisone)
What does OTC crypto mean?
Over-The-Counter TradingOver-The-Counter Trading, or OTC Trading, is a framework of financial technology that enables trading markets outside a regular exchange. Specifically, within the crypto and bitcoin market, it is a private trading market for buying or selling crypto.
What is the difference between OTC and Otcqx?
The OTCQX is the top tier of the three marketplaces for the over-the-counter (OTC) trading of stocks. The OTCQX is provided and operated by the OTC Markets Group. Stocks that trade on this forum must meet more stringent qualification criteria compared to the other tiers, which are the OTCQB/OTCBB and the Pink Sheets.
What is the difference between OTC and ETD?
Exchange traded derivatives (ETD) are traded through central exchange with publicly visible prices. Over the Counter (OTC) derivatives are traded between two parties (bilateral negotiation) without going through an exchange or any other intermediaries.
What does OTC mean in Amazon?
Definition: Over-the-counter (OTC) trades are financial transactions, usually the buying and selling of company stock, that do not happen on a centralized exchange.
Who started OTX?
OTX was started in 2012 by Alien Vault, now known as AT&T Cybersecurity. Since then, OTX has helped mitigate criminal cyber activity, such as acces...
What are pulses in OTX?
Pulses are indicators of compromise (IOC) collections reported by data security experts on OTX for other professionals to review and give their opi...
What does OTX mean?
OTX stands for Open Threat Exchange. OTX is an open-access cloud-based platform that allows data security professionals to collaboratively share re...
OTX Pulses and Indicators of Compromise
The OTX community reports on and receives threat data in the form of “pulses.” A. pulse consists of at least one, but more often multiple Indicators of Compromise (IoCs).
OTX IP Reputation
OTX IP Reputation identifies IP addresses and domains worldwide that are submitted by the OTX community. IP Reputation verifies them as either malicious or, at least, suspicious until more data comes in to increase their threat ranking.
IP Reputation Ranking Criteria
IP Reputation uses ranking criteria based on IP Reliability and IP Priority that OTX updates on an ongoing basis to calculate changing assessments to risk level. This helps prevent false positives.
What is Open Threat Exchange?
The dawn of a formal open collaboration of technology experts to fight cyber-crime is birthed in the first open threat intelligence community called Open Threat Exchange (OTX). OTX was created by AlienVault.
What is pulses in OTX?
Pulses comprise of an accumulation of indicators of compromise (IOCs) reported by the various OTX community members. These indicators provide an overview of the threat, its targets, and other related IOCs that have been reported.
What is OTX security?
OTX is a cloud-based open access global community of technology experts, threat researchers, and security professionals. These professionals from all over the world constantly contribute and share millions of pieces of threat data and threat indicators to the open access community. As such, community participants are able to access, analyze, discuss, verify, and research threat data, trends, and techniques. A collaboration of this magnitude accelerates the distribution of the latest threat data, with access to an automatic process that updates and strengthens one's security and helps others do the same.
What is OTX threat intelligence?
OTX is a community of open access threat intelligence experts formally collaborating and sharing salient, timely, and accurate information about past, ongoing, and impending cyber-attacks on a common cloud-based platform. Their vision is for individuals, companies, and government security agencies to engage in this formally structured collaborative effort to help eliminate the setbacks of fighting in isolation. It provides open access for everyone.
Why do criminals fight cybercrime?
Fighting cyber-crime has to be a constant and relentless battle. Criminals know that collaboration brings strength and have used this strength in numbers to share their skills and incessantly exploit weaknesses or lapses in technology. So why don't organizations and communities come together to fight back?
What degree does Lyna have?
She has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering and a Masters degree in Information Technology.
What is IP reputation?
IP Reputation identifies IP addresses and domains that have been identified as suspicious or malicious. This highlights any known communications that have been established between malicious parties and assets of the community members.
What is BTC in medicine?
Drug categories that are poor bets for pure OTC status might benefit from a ‘behind-the-counter’ (BTC) strategy that combines ease of access, significant price reduction compared with Rx, but some level of supervision. The poster child for BTC access is Plan B, a ‘morning-after’ contraceptive marketed by Teva. The product consists of a single high dose of the contraceptive levonorgestrel and costs $50 or more. Customers must ask for the drug and demonstrate that they are at least 18 years old.
How many OTC medications are there in the US?
The Consumer Healthcare Products Association notes that more than 700 US OTC products use 106 “ingredients or dosage strengths” that were at one time available only by prescription. The FDA, which lists OTC approvals only by chemical entity, provides a more realistic picture of branded OTC approvals. Between 2001 and the present, the FDA approved exactly 24 Rx-to-OTC switches. Of these, nine represent dosage form variations, so in effect FDA approved just 15 ‘new’ OTC molecules during the past decade. All belonged to just six therapeutic categories: stomach acid reducers, antihistamines, weight loss agents, topical antifungals, expectorants, and smoking cessation agents.
When was Claritin approved?
Claritin (loratadine) was approved in 1993 and quickly became a blockbuster as did Seldane before it and Zyrtec after. The regulatory petition for OTC status for these agents came not from the sponsoring companies but from insurer WellPoint Health Networks.
What happens when exclusivity ends?
When exclusivity ends, consumers face exceedingly complex economic and medical decisions, which is where the education comes in. While ‘everyone knows’ that generics are every bit as good as branded products, loyalties built over years between products, patients, and prescribers, are difficult to shake.
What is prescription to over the counter switch?
Prescription to over-the-counter (Rx to OTC) switches are one of the least common among the myriad strategies for extending a pharmaceutical product’s commercial life. Yet once an active ingredient is so designated, scores of products may emerge from it, including one or more bearing the original brand, private labels, and combination products.
Is Clarinex still on the RX side?
Plus Clarinex (desloratidine) is still on the Rx side.”. In the digestive category, Prilosec (AstraZeneca), which switched in 2003, was joined OTC by Prevacid (Novartis/Takeda) in 2009 and Zegerid (Merck) in 2010.
Which sleep aids are FDA approved?
Sleep aids have been cited as potential switches as well, for example Ambien (Sanofi), Lunesta (Sepracor), and Rozerem (Takeda). Of the three, the FDA is likely to approve only Rozerem due to its exemplary safety profile and novel mechanism of action.
How many ibuprofen tablets can you buy in the UK?
The UK controls the quantities of ibuprofen and acetaminophen (paracetamol) that can be purchased at any one time--I believe 16 tablets/capsules when no pharmacist is present, and 32 when one is, and they are sold in blister packs to make them more difficult to take. I used to buy Costco bottles of Advil and Tylenol when I visited my parents in the US.
What is a BTC drug?
Some countries have a sizable “behind the counter” (BTC) category, for drugs which can be purchased without a prescription, but require a pharmacist’s authorization for sale. BTC drugs may have a dependency potential, or a complicated dosing schedule. Or, the drug may have the characteristics of a prescription drug, but the need for emergency access outweighs prescription controls, such as insulin, nitroglycerin, or Epi-pens. Proponents of BTC argue it offers greater consumer access to drugs that do not require physician consultation, but benefit from pharmacist consultation. Detractors cite the lack of physician oversight, or possible attempts by manufacturers to circumvent more strict prescription drug regulatory and marketing requirements. In some countries, even cholesterol-lowering medications like simvastatin (Zocor) are BTC, clearly pushing the limits on what can reasonably be regarded as self-managed conditions. Drugs can move both directions: In the United States, emergency contraception (Plan B) recently moved BTC for women 18 years of age and older. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) was an OTC drug for years until it moved BTC in many countries: not because of safety reasons, but because it’s a key ingredient in manufacturing methamphetamine.
What is considered an OTC drug?
For a drug to be considered for OTC status, the FDA states that consumers need to be able to self-diagnose, self-treat, and self-manage the condition in question. OTC products are expected to offer a wider margin of safety over prescription drugs, in the event that they are used inappropriately.
What are the issues that regulators have to weigh?
Each regulator had to weigh issues such as the mild and self-limiting nature of the illness, the consequences of rare but sometimes serious side effects, the perceived effectiveness of restrictions/relabelling, and the general philosophy about minimum safety standards for licensed drug products.
How many visits do you need to see a doctor?
Thus, you may only need a yearly visit, but other people may need 2-3 visits (maybe more) per year.
Why is it time to change the paradigm?
It's time to change the paradigm because it is ineffective and creates a hurdle that some people don't have the time left to jump over.
How does naltrexone work?
Most drugs work by blocking some process. Naltrexone works by IMPROVING the immune system (normalizing it - not dampening it or activating.) It works through opioid receptors/immune interaction. This is difficult to swallow because the medical paradigm is not accustomed to something that works as systems theory.
How long does it take for a drug to be switched from prescription to OTC?
Over time, often 3–6 years, drugs that prove themselves safe and appropriate as prescription medicines may be switched from prescription to OTC. An example of this is diphenhydramine (Benadryl), an anti-histamine which once required a prescription but now is available OTC nearly everywhere. More recent examples are cimetidine and loratadine in the United States, and ibuprofen in Australia.
Why are OTC drugs withdrawn?
It is somewhat unusual for an OTC drug to be withdrawn from the market as a result of safety concerns, rather than market forces, though it does happen occasionally. For example, phenylpropanolamine was removed from sale in the United States over concern regarding strokes in young women. A study has been done examining consumer's perceptions about the risk of and access to nonprescription medication. The study concluded that a small percentage of consumers prefer having access to medication over potential risks of taking non-prescribed medication. Ranitidine was suspended in multiple markets due to concerns over the presence of the carcinogen N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).
What is a POM prescription?
Prescription Only Medication (POM), which are legally available only with a valid prescription from a prescriber. A pharmacist has to be on the premises for POM medicines to be dispensed, required by law. The medicine has been specifically prescribed for the patient holding the prescription, so it is considered safe for only the recipient to take. Just a small example of these include most antibiotics and all antidepressants or antidiabetic medications. Drugs included as POM are high-strength painkillers such as oxycodone and tramadol, medications such as Zolpidem (Ambien), diazepam (Valium), and certain topical preparations such as corticosteroids. These medicines are often sold by drug dealers, especially those marked as "CD POM," which are controlled due to abuse risk such as dipipanone, temazepam, and methadone.
What are the different drug schedules?
In Canada, there are four drug schedules: 1 Schedule 1: Requires a prescription for sale and is provided to the public by a licensed pharmacist. 2 Schedule 2: Does not require a prescription but requires an assessment by a pharmacist prior to sale. These drugs are kept in an area of the pharmacy where there is no public access and may also be referred to as "behind-the-counter" drugs. 3 Schedule 3: Does not require a prescription but must be kept in an area under the supervision of a pharmacist. These drugs are kept in an area of the retail outlet where self-selection is possible, but a pharmacist must be available to assist in the self-selection of medication if required. 4 Unscheduled: Does not require a prescription and may be sold in any retail outlet.
Why do OTC products need to be labeled with drug facts?
The FDA requires OTC products to be labeled with an approved "Drug Facts" label to educate consumers about their medications. The labels comply to a standard format and are intended to be easy for typical consumers to understand. Drug Facts labels include information on the product's active ingredient (s), indications and purpose, safety warnings, directions for use, and inactive ingredients.
Why was ranitidine withdrawn from the market?
Ranitidine was withdrawn from multiple markets due to concerns over the carcinogen N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). In the United Kingdom, it was announced in February 2007 that Boots the Chemist would try over-the-counter sales of Viagra in stores in Manchester, England (previous available as prescription only).
What is OTC drug?
OTC drugs are usually regulated according to their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) rather than final products. By regulating APIs instead of specific drug formulations, governments allow manufacturers the freedom to formulate ingredients, or combinations of ingredients, into proprietary mixtures. The term over-the-counter (OTC) ...