Full Answer
What are the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sampling methods?
- Reduce Cost. It is cheaper to collect data from a part of the whole population and is economically in advance.
- Greater Speed.
- Detailed Information.
- Practical Method.
- Much Easier.
How does random assortment work?
When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other. This called is called independent assortment. It results in gametes that have unique combinations of chromosomes. In sexual reproduction, two gametes unite to produce an offspring.
What are problems with random sampling?
Random sampling is designed to be a representation of a community or demographic, but there is no guarantee that the data collected is reflective of the community on average. ... These issues also make it difficult to contact specific groups or people to have them included in the research or to properly catalog the data so that it can serve its ...
When does random assortment occur?
The random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis: This concept describes the independent separation of genes during the development of reproductive cells. Each person possesses two genes for each characteristic. During gametogenesis, these pairs separate so that each gamete only contains one set of genes.
Why are chromosomes randomly arranged?
Random assortment of chromosomes refers to the way chromosomes get organized into daughter cells during gamete (sperm and egg) formation. It means that each sperm and each egg will have different combinations of chromosomes, some of which will have come from the person's mother and others from the father. This happens because homologous chromosomes line up along the cell center with no rhyme or reason other than being across from their partner, shown here in this image:
How many possible combinations of chromosomes are there in a daughter cell?
A cell with 2 pairs of chromosomes gives 4 possible chromosome combinations in daughter cells (2^2). Human cells, with 46 pairs of chromosomes, result in 8,388,608 possible daughter cell combinations (2^23). If you add to that the randomness of crossing over and fertilization of eggs by sperm, you get trillions of combinations.
What are Chromosomes?
There are three mechanisms responsible for this: random assortment of chromosomes (chromosomes are sorted into daughter cells randomly), crossing over (chromosomes switch chunks of DNA) and random fertilization (chance alone is responsible for which sperm meets which egg). In this lesson we will focus on the random, independent assortment of chromosomes.
What is the Difference Between Random Orientation and Independent Assortment?
Random orientation is the random line up of homologous chromosome pairs at the cell equator while the independent assortment is the inheritance of genes independently from the inheritance of any other gene. So, this is the key difference between random orientation and independent assortment.
What is Random Orientation?
During the metaphase of meiosis 1, homologous pairs line up at the equator. This lineup process occurs randomly. The orientation of the homologous chromosome pair is totally independent and not affected by the orientation of any homologous chromosome pair. Therefore, it is known as the random orientation. There are two possible random orientations of homologous chromosome pairs at the equator.
What is the orientation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
The orientation of each pair of homologous chromosomes is random . It is not affected by the orientation of any other homologous pair. This is known as the random orientation.
What happens to the gametes in meiosis?
Meiosis leads to the formation of genetically unique gametes. This occurs due to the random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs and independent assortment of genes/alleles. The homologous chromosome pairs line up at the metaphase plate randomly. As a result, chromosomes separate independently from one another.
Why is independent assortment important?
Independent assortment is due to the random orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. Both events are extremely important in the formation of genetically different gametes. As a result of both events, gametes receive a unique combination of chromosomes and a unique composition of genes. Genetic variation within the offspring is ...
How do gametes get their alleles?
A gamete receives an allele without the influence of any other allele. Therefore, the alleles are passed from parent to offspring independently. Independent assortment is totally due to the random orientation of homologous chromosomes. If the genes are completely linked, those alleles do not display independent assortment. They tend to be inherited together as a unit.
Why do alleles separate from each other?
As a result of random orientation , chromosomes separate from each other independently during the anaphase. Because of that, alleles on the chromosomes also separate independently. Therefore, the separation of alleles on chromosomes independently from any allele on another chromosome is known as independent assortment.
What is random assignment?
While random selection refers to how participants are randomly chosen to represent the larger population, random assignment refers to how those chosen participants are then assigned to experimental groups. 1 .
Why is random assignment important in psychology?
Not only does this process help eliminate possible sources of bias, 2 but it also makes it easier to generalize the results of a tested sample population to a larger population.
What is random assignment in a control group?
Participants might be randomly assigned to the control group, which does not receive the treatment in question. Or they might be randomly assigned to the experimental group, which does receive the treatment. Random assignment increases the likelihood that the two groups are the same at the outset. That way any changes that result from ...
What does random selection mean in a group?
Random selection means that everyone in the group stands an equal chance of being chosen. 1 Once a pool of participants has been selected, it is time to assign them into groups. By randomly assigning the participants into groups, the experimenters can be fairly sure that each group will be the same before the independent variable is applied.
Why is it important to choose a sample that is representative of the qualities found in that population?
In order to generalize the results of an experiment to a larger group , it is important to choose a sample that is representative of the qualities found in that population. For example, if the total population is 51% female and 49% male, then the sample should reflect those same percentages.
