Compartmentalization in school buses is the design concept of using tall seat backs, padded with energy-absorbing construction covering all metal parts, and spacing that is closer than typically found in passenger vehicles.
What are 3 things that are important about school bus safety?
Arrive early at the bus stop – at least five minutes before the bus is scheduled to arrive. Stand 6 feet (or three giant steps) away from the curb while waiting for the bus. Supervise young children.
What is the function of a school bus?
A school bus is a type of bus used for student transport: carrying students to and from school, home, and school events.
How long can a child legally be on a school bus in NY?
Pupil Transportation Education Law (EL 3635) does not contain a maximum length of time that a pupil may be expected to spend riding on a school bus. However, it is widely accepted that the en route time must be reasonable.
Why do school buses bounce so much?
The answer is the suspension - mostly, they tend to use a cheaper, more durable setup, rather then one that rides better. Most school buses are designed on/near large truck frames - the same thing you'd find under a box truck, or light dump truck.
What are 4 responsibilities tasks of a school bus driver?
School Bus Driver Responsibilities: Regularly checking vehicle safety such as tires, brakes, turn signals, mechanical equipment, etc. Monitoring and reporting fuel consumption, mileage, and passenger numbers. Reporting delays, accidents, and emergencies. Responding to emergency and non-emergency situations.
What are the 3 components of the system bus?
The term “bus” is used to represent a group of electrical signals or the wires that carry these signals. As shown in Figure 1.5, the system bus consists of three major components: an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus. memory. Furthermore, each data transfer can move 64 bits of data.
Can a bus driver refuse a child?
It is TfL policy not to leave potentially vulnerable passengers stranded if they cannot pay for their travel at the time. However, if a bus driver has reason to suspect that a passenger claiming to be a child is not, then the driver can refuse entry if they do not posses a valid ticket.
Can a bus driver refuse to let you on?
(1) The operator (or a responsible person on its behalf) has the right to refuse entry to, or to remove from a vehicle being used by the operator any passenger or other person who in the opinion of a responsible person is, or appears to be, in breach of any of these Bye-laws.
Can a 10 year old go on a bus alone?
Any passengers under the age of 14 should be accompanied by a responsible person aged 16 or over. Children who are 14 years of age or over are allowed to travel on our services unaccompanied but should be appropriately prepared to travel on their own.
Why do school buses not use seatbelts?
NHTSA decided the best way to provide crash protection to passengers of large school buses is through a concept called “compartmentalization.” This requires that the interior of large buses protect children without them needing to buckle up.
Why do school buses flash white?
The purpose of equipping buses with roof mount strobe lights is to alert motorists that a school bus is in the vicinity. This may be especially helpful in severe weather conditions, such as rain, fog, smog, and snow, where the vision of approaching motorists is more obscured.
Why are school bus tops white?
A pilot program in North Carolina in the early 1990s tested the theory that a school bus with a white roof would make for a cooler experience for the passengers. The results were profound. The program found white-topped buses had internal temperatures an average of 10 degrees cooler than yellow topped buses.
What is the main function of a bus?
Buses are used to send control signals and data between the processor and other components. Three types of bus are used. Address bus - carries memory addresses from the processor to other components such as primary storage and input/output devices. The address bus is unidirectional .
Which is the primary function of the bus?
Explanation: The BUS is used to allow the passage of commands and data between cpu and devices.
What is the main function of system bus?
A system bus is a facet of computer architecture that transmits and shares data throughout the computer and between devices. It's the primary way for a computer to process information because it connects the main processor to all other internal hardware components of a computer.
What is the role of a bus?
Bus drivers transport people between various places—including, work, school, and shopping centers—and across state and national borders. Some drive regular routes, and others transport passengers on chartered trips or sightseeing tours.
What is compartmentalization in school bus?
Although not an element of compartmentalization, the UCLA researchers concluded that after high back seats, next in importance to school bus passenger collision safety is the “use of a three-point belt, a lap belt or other form of effective restraint.”
What companies make seat belts for school buses?
Seat manufacturers CE White, IMMI/Safeguard and Takata/M2K have also solved the potential of losing passenger capacity on school buses with seat belts by creating seats flexible enough to fit two largers students, such as high schoolers, or three smaller elementary or some middle schoolers per seat.
How high should a school bus seat be?
Seatback height for school buses should not be less than 28 inches.”
How far apart should seat backs be on a school bus?
Following further research by the federal government, 24 inches spacing was established as the optimal distance between school bus seats.
Does compartmentalization protect passengers?
However, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that compartmentalization is “incomplete” and “does not protect passengers during lateral impacts with vehicles of large mass, in rollovers and from ejection.” According to NTSB, an occupant crash protection system should be developed that would protect passengers in most accident scenarios.
Do lap belts work on high back seats?
Lap belts would provide substantial additional protection if used in combination with high-back seats equipped with additional efficient padding on the rear panel of the backrest ahead.
Can you use lap belts on low back seats?
Lap belts should not be used with low seat back seats as this would lead to head and chest injuries caused by belted passengers rotating forward and striking the upright backrest ahead.
Why are school buses safer than cars?
That’s because school buses are the most regulated vehicles on the road; they’re designed to be safer than passenger vehicles in preventing crashes and injuries; and in every state, stop-arm laws protect children from other motorists.
How does compartmentalization protect children?
Through compartmentalization, children are protected from crashes by strong, closely-spaced seats that have energy-absorbing seat backs.
What does yellow flashing light mean on a bus?
Yellow flashing lights indicate the bus is preparing to stop to load or unload children. Motorists should slow down and prepare to stop their vehicles.
Why is school bus driver training important?
School Bus Driver In-Service Curriculum – Regular training is important for school bus drivers to stay up-to-date on the latest industry standards and to help them maintain and improve the safety of children in and around the school bus. NHTSA is now offering an improved School Bus Driver In-Service Curriculum.
What is an MFSAB?
An MFSAB must meet all FMVSSs applicable to school buses except those requiring the installation of traffic control devices (flashing lights and stop arms). If a new school bus will not be used to transport students to and from home or school bus stops, an MFSAB may be sold.
How many times more likely are students to get to school safely when taking a school bus than by car?
Students are about 70 times more likely to get to school safely when taking a school bus instead of traveling by car.
What is the law protecting students on school buses?
Protected by the Law: Laws protect students who are getting off and on a school bus by making it illegal for drivers to pass a school bus while dropping off or picking up passengers, regardless of the direction of approach.
How do school bus restraints work?
Some school bus specific child restraint systems are attached to the bus not by a seat belt or tether, but by a cam wrap which uses the back of the seat itself to install the restraint. There are a few different kinds of these restraints: they can look like a vest that the child puts on prior to boarding the bus or like harness that stays in the bus and that the child buckles into. As with all safety restraints the weight and height limits and the instructions for the specific product being used need to be followed for every ride.
How do school buses protect children?
School buses protect children’s bodies without harnesses or seat belts with a design called “com partmentalization.” When sitting properly in school bus seats, passengers on a school bus are protected like eggs in an egg crate. The space around them is designed to support them in a crash.
What does a yellow bus mean?
For much of North America, a big yellow bus means kids are going to school — at the start of the school year, that bus pulling up to the curb can be a big relief! Putting a school age Little on the bus for the first time can be stressful for lots of reasons, but in general, parents can rest assured that yellow buses are a very safe way to get kids from home to school and back again. We’re going to outline how buses protect kids, what kinds of buses are on the roads, some restraints you might find in buses for the littlest of Littles and what kids and adults can do to stay safe inside and outside yellow buses.
How much does a bus weigh?
Buses are classed according to weight: a bus that weighs under 10,000 lbs is a “small” bus and it must have seat belts. However, these buses are comparatively rare and parents are unlikely to encounter them. Nearly all the buses on the roads doing daily transport for school-age children are large yellow buses.
Why are school buses so safe?
Why School Buses are Safe. School buses are so safe because they are designed quite differently from passenger vehicles. They are strong and large, very easily visible, driven by specially trained drivers on known routes and subject to special traffic laws.
How to make kids safer on the bus?
There are some simple ways we can make kids safer around the outside of buses. Getting to the bus stop early is one (we all know how mornings with kids go, but in this case not rushing is a safety issue; it’s worth doing everything you can to get there 5 minutes early). Standing 6 feet back from the approaching bus is good to teach kids, as is always crossing 10 feet in front of the bus, where you can see the driver, and never crossing behind a bus. Remind children never to lean down into the road if they’ve dropped their back packs: they should tell the driver rather than lean down where their small bodies are more difficult to see.
What happens if a bus stops suddenly?
Should the bus stop suddenly, as in a crash, the child’s body is expected to move forward and possibly impact the seat in front. This is what that seat was designed for, and it does a good job of protecting school-age bodies. Those bodies need to be in the proper position at all time.
Why are school buses equipped with safety devices?
To comply with federal and state requirements, school buses are equipped with a number of safety devices to prevent accidents and injuries and for the purposes of security.
Why are school buses painted yellow?
To specifically identify them as such, purpose-built school buses are painted a specific shade of yellow, designed to optimize their visibility for other drivers. In addition to "School Bus" signage in the front and rear above the window line, school buses are labeled with the name of the operator (school district or bus contractor) and an identification number.
Why were school buses moved to the front?
During the 1930s, school buses saw advances in their design and production that remain in use to this day. To better adapt automotive chassis design, school bus entry doors were moved from the rear to the front curbside, becoming a door operated by the driver (to ease loading passengers and improve forward visibility). The rear entry door of the kid hacks were re-purposed (as an emergency exit).
What laws were passed in the 1940s?
By the mid-1940s, most U.S. states introduced traffic laws requiring motorists to stop for school buses while children were loading or unloading. The justifications for this protocol were: 1 Children (especially younger ones) have normally not yet developed the mental capacity to fully comprehend the hazards and consequences of street-crossing, and under U.S. tort laws, a child cannot legally be held accountable for negligence. For the same reason, adult crossing guards often are deployed in walking zones between homes and schools. 2 It is impractical in many cases to avoid children crossing the traveled portions of roadways after leaving a school bus or to have an adult accompany them. 3 The size of a school bus generally limits visibility for both the children and motorists during loading and unloading.
What was the purpose of the 1939 school bus standards?
Cyr organized a week-long conference at Teachers College, Columbia University that forever changed the design and production of school buses. Funded by a $5,000 grant, Dr. Cyr invited transportation officials, representatives from body and chassis manufacturers, and paint companies. To reduce the complexity of school bus production and increase safety, a set of 44 standards were agreed upon and adopted by the attendees (such as interior and exterior dimensions and the forward-facing seating configuration). To allow for large-scale production of school buses among body manufacturers , adoption of these standards allowed for greater consistency among body manufacturers.
How many emergency exits are there on a school bus?
For the purposes of evacuation, school buses are equipped with a minimum of at least one emergency exit (in addition to the main entry door). The rear-mounted emergency exit door is a design feature adopted from horse-drawn wagons (the entrance was rear-mounted to avoid disturbing the horses); in rear-engine school buses, the door is replaced by an exit window mounted above the engine compartment (supplemented by a side-mounted exit door). Additional exits may be located in the roof (roof hatches), window exits, and/or side emergency exit doors. All are opened by the use of quick-release latches which activate an alarm.
What was the kid hack?
For those students who lived beyond practical walking distance from school, transportation was facilitated in the form of the kid hack; at the time, " hack " was a term referring to certain types of horse-drawn carriages. Essentially re-purposed farm wagons, kid hacks were open to the elements, with little to no weather protection.
