what is sodium selenide used for

Sodium selenide

PubChem CID	73973
Molecular Weight	124.95
Component Compounds	CID 107674 (Selenide) CID 5360545 (Sodiu ...
Date s	Modify 2022-04-29 Create 2005-08-08

May 7 2022

Full Answer

What is sodium selenite used for?

Because selenium is an essential element, sodium selenite is an ingredient in dietary supplements such as multi-vitamin/mineral products, but supplements that provide only selenium use L-selenomethionine or a selenium-enriched yeast .

What is disodium selenite?

Sodium selenite appears as a white colored crystalline solid. Soluble in water and more dense than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Disodium selenite is an inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio. It has a role as a nutraceutical.

What is selenium from sodium selenite?

Selenium from sodium selenite accumulated in the liver to an apparent maximum at 10 ppm in the diet, resulting in an increase in hepatic GSH and GSSG accompanied by a small decrease in total hepatic SH. Sodium selenite resulted in an increase in hepatic GSSG reductase activity at 10 ppm and in plasma GSSG reductase activity at 40 ppm.

How do you make sodium selenite?

Sodium selenite usually is prepared by the reaction of selenium dioxide with sodium hydroxide: The hydrate converts to the anhydrous salt upon heating to 40 °C.

What is sodium selenite good for?

Purpose: Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) has been known to restore the antioxidant capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, and promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis.

Is sodium selenite safe for humans?

Sodium selenite may be toxic when taken orally at higher doses, yet it is well tolerated by other routes such as intravenous, intraperitoneal and/or transdermal.

Is sodium selenite the same as salt?

Disodium selenite is an inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio. It has a role as a nutraceutical. It is a selenite salt and an inorganic sodium salt.

Is sodium selenite the same as selenium?

Sodium selenite is easy to make, but it's inorganic, and the body has trouble processing it. Selenomethionine, however, is identical to natural selenium, which means that your body doesn't even need to try to deploy this nutrient on its vital missions throughout your body.

Why is sodium selenite bad for you?

* Sodium Selenite may damage the testes (male reproductive glands). * High exposure can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, coated tongue, metallic taste, and a garlic odor of the breath. * Repeated exposures can cause pallor, dizziness, nervousness, and mood changes. * Sodium Selenite may damage the liver and kidneys.

Is sodium selenite the same as selenite crystal?

Before delving into this issue, you should know a major difference between sodium selenite, which is deemed a hazardous substance, and the selenite you purchase as a crystal to use for protection, healing, and other properties. The latter is of the gypsum variety and is, therefore, neither toxic nor poisonous.

How do you store sodium selenite?

Storage/Stability Stock solutions of sodium selenite may be frozen. Working aliquots remain active for 30 days at 2–8 °C.

How much selenite is toxic?

As sodium selenite, the chronic toxic dose for human beings was described as about 2.4 to 3 milligrams of selenium per day.

Is selenite a drug?

In conclusion, sodium selenite is a readily available and inexpensive drug of choice in the cancer treatment and prevention.

What are the main symptoms of a selenium deficiency?

What are the symptoms?infertility in men and women.muscle weakness.fatigue.mental fog.hair loss.weakened immune system.

What is selenium good for in humans?

Selenium is an essential component of various enzymes and proteins, called selenoproteins, that help to make DNA and protect against cell damage and infections; these proteins are also involved in reproduction and the metabolism of thyroid hormones.

What is the best form of selenium to take?

selenomethionineWhat is the best type of selenium supplement? Selenium in the form of selenomethionine may be the best option. This form has been shown to have superior absorption rates compared with other forms of selenium used in supplements, including sodium selenite ( 3 , 8 , 9 ).

Can selenium be toxic?

Selenium toxicity can occur with acute or chronic ingestion of excess selenium. Symptoms of selenium toxicity include nausea; vomiting; nail discoloration, brittleness, and loss; hair loss; fatigue; irritability; and foul breath odor (often described as “garlic breath”). Selenium is found in the environment in soil.

How much selenium is in sodium selenite?

Sodium selenate has the chemical formula Na2SeO4 (molecular weight 188.94 Da, theoretical selenium content 41.8%). The additive contains by specification ≥ 41% selenium.

Why does sodium selenide hydrolyze?

This hydrolysis occurs because of the extreme basicity of the Se 2− ion. Similarly, sodium selenide is readily oxidized to polyselenides, a conversion signaled by off-white samples. Sodium selenide reacts with acids to produce toxic hydrogen selenide gas. The compound reacts with electrophiles to produce the selenium compounds.

What is the chemical formula for sodium selenide?

Sodium selenide is an inorganic compound of sodium and selenium with the chemical formula Na 2 Se.

How does sodium selenide react with acids?

Sodium selenide reacts with acids to produce toxic hydrogen selenide gas. The compound reacts with electrophiles to produce the selenium compounds. With alkyl halides, one obtains a variety of organoselenium compounds : Organotin and organosilicon halides react similarly to give the expected derivatives:

What is sodium selenite used for?

Together with the related barium and zinc selenites, sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass. The pink color imparted by these selenites cancels out the green color imparted by iron impurities.

How is sodium selenite prepared?

Sodium selenite usually is prepared by the reaction of selenium dioxide with sodium hydroxide: The hydrate converts to the anhydrous salt upon heating to 40 °C. Akin to the related salt sodium sulfite, Na 2 SeO 3 features a pyramidal dianion SeO 32−. Oxidation of this anion gives sodium selenate, Na 2 SeO 4 .

How much selenium is toxic?

As sodium selenite, the chronic toxic dose for human beings was described as about 2.4 to 3 milligrams of selenium per day. In 2000, the U.S. Institute of Medicine set the adult Tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for selenium from all sources - food, drinking water and dietary supplements - at 400 μg/day.

Is selenium a supplement?

The US Food and Drug Administration approved a selenium supplement to animal diets; the most common form is sodium selenite for pet foods. According to one article, "not much was known about which selenium compounds to approve for use in animal feeds when the decisions were made back in the 1970s ..

Is sodium selenite a solid?

Sodium selenite is the inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 SeO 3. This salt is a colourless solid. The pentahydrate Na 2 SeO 3 (H 2 O) 5 is the most common water-soluble selenium compound.

What is sodium selenate used for?

Sodium selenate is effectively used for bio-fortification of crops hence fortifying food/feed to mitigate selenium deficiency in humans and livestock. It can be applied as foliar spray or via rooting medium e.g. added in fertilizers.

What is the name of the substance that is neutralized to form sodium selenite?

The selenous acid is neutralized to form sodium selenite. The sodium selenite is oxidized in a basic medium hydrogen peroxide to form a selenate, which is then spray-dried. It was prepared shortly after the discovery of selenium by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817.

How many mg of sodium selenate is in a 70 kg person?

As such, it is extremely toxic and must be handled with care. For a 70 kg (154 pound) person, this dosage corresponds to 112 mg, or, in terms of 200 µg pills, 560 pills. Chronic exposure to sodium selenate can cause severe lung, kidney, and liver damage.

What is the condition where selenium is overexposed?

Overexposure to selenium in the diet leads to a condition known as selenosis. Selenosis occurs at blood levels greater than 100 µg/dL. Symptoms include gastrointestinal upsets, hair loss, white blotchy nails, garlic breath odor, fatigue, irritability, and mild nerve damage.

Is sodium selenate a trace element?

Chosen for its selenium content and high solubility, sodium selenate is a common ingredient in over-the-counter vitamin supplements. Selenium is a trace essential element. Sodium selenate and selenite are also common in premix animal feed. Neither compound has demonstrated a difference in the amount of selenium absorbed.

Is decahydrate a source of selenium?

The decahydrate is a common ingredient in multivitamins and livestock feed as a source of selenium. The anhydrous salt is used in the production of some glass. Although the selenates are much more toxic, many physical properties of sodium selenate and sodium sulfate are similar.

When was Selenium discovered?

It was prepared shortly after the discovery of selenium by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817.

When was sodium selenite approved?

In 1974, US FDA approved use of sodium selenite ... in feed of swine, turkeys and growing chickens up to 16 wk of age; permissible levels are 0.1 mg/kg in swine and chicken feeds and 0.2 mg/kg in turkey feeds.

Why is sodium selenate so mobile?

Sodium selenate, Se (VI), is among the most mobile of selenium compounds because of its high water solubility and inability to adsorb to soil particles (1).

How long does it take for selenium to be eliminated?

In humans, whole body retention studies following oral administration of sodium selenite have indicated that selenium elimination is triphasic. During the initial phase, which lasted about 1 week, elimination of selenium was rapid, with a half-life of approximately 1 day.

What is the most absorbed form of Selenium?

Most dietary selenium is in the form of selenomethionine (the major dietary form of selenium) or selenocysteine, both of which are well absorbed. Other forms of selenium include selenate and selenite, which are not major dietary constituents, but are commonly used in fortified foods and dietary supplements. Two pools of reserve selenium are present in the body. The first is as selenomethionine, which is not known to have a physiological function separate from that of methionine. The second reserve pool is the selenium found in liver glutathione peroxidase. Ingested selenite, selenate, and selenocysteine are all metabolized directly to selenide, the reduced form of selenium. Selenomethionine can also be metabolized to selenide. / Selenite /

How long does selenite stay in your system?

There is expotential excretion of the remainder of the dose with a half life of 103 days. / Selenite /.

What are the symptoms of sodium selenite exposure?

Signs and Symptoms of Sodium Selenite Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute sodium selenite exposure include the following: garlic odor on breath, drooling, nasal irritation and burning sensation in nostrils, vomiting, hypotension, dizziness, and poor reflexes.

What is HSDB in health?

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) Skin Exposure: If selenium or its inorganic compounds get on the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin. If selenium, sodium selenite, sodium selenate, or selenium dioxide soak through the clothing, remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin.

Production

Sodium hydroselenide can be made by reducing selenium with sodium borohydride:

Properties

Sodium hydroselenide dissolves in water or ethanol. In humid air sodium hydroselenide is changed to sodium polyselenide and elemental selenium.

What is selenite used for?

Selenite can help you stabilize your emotions and feel calm.

How to recharge selenite crystals?

Selenite crystals can be cleansed and recharged by leaving them under the moonlight. The white light of selenite matches the white light of the moon.

Is selenite a crystal?

Selenite is a powerful healing crystal, and it is pretty easy to find. Try not to underestimate selenite, because it can be used for many purposes–even cleansing other crystals! Just make sure not to get it wet, because selenite is water-soluble.

What is the compound that the body uses to make salt?

Sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as salt, is an essential compound our body uses to: Salt is an inorganic compound, meaning it doesn’t come from living matter. It’s made when Na (sodium) and Cl (chloride) come together to form white, crystalline cubes. Your body needs salt to function, but too little or too much salt can be harmful to your health.

What is saline solution?

Sodium chloride mixed with water creates a saline solution, which has a number of different medical purposes. Medical uses for a saline solution include: It’s important to consult a doctor and only use medical saline products (excluding over-the-counter products like contact solution) as prescribed.

How much sodium is in a teaspoon of salt?

Many companies and restaurants use salt to preserve, season, and flavor their food. Since one teaspoon of salt has about 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium, it’s easy to go over the daily value.

What are the two electrolytes that are in the fluid?

Sodium and potassium are electrolytes in the fluid outside and inside your cells. The balance between these particles contributes to how your cells maintain your body’s energy. It’s also how nerves send signals to the brain, your muscles contract, and your heart functions.

What happens if you have too much sodium in your blood?

When there’s too much sodium in your bloodstream, your brain signals your kidneys to release more water into your blood circulation. This leads to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Decreasing your sodium intake can lead to less water being absorbed into the bloodstream. The result is a lower blood pressure.

What is sodium deficiency?

Sodium deficiency is usually a sign of an underlying disorder. The name for this condition is hyponatremia. It can be due to: inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (ADH), caused by disorders that affect hormone balance, certain drugs, and certain medical conditions. excessive water intake.

Is sodium chloride a hazard?

For the most part, sodium chloride isn’t a health hazard, but in excessive amounts it can irritate your:

Overview

Applications

Synthesis and fundamental reactions

Safety

See also

Together with the related barium and zinc selenites, sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass. The pink color imparted by these selenites cancels out the green color imparted by iron impurities.
Because selenium is an essential element, sodium selenite is an ingredient in dietary supplements such as multi-vitamin/mineral products, but supplements that provide only selenium use L-selen…

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