Disease outbreaks are usually caused by an infection, transmitted through person-to-person contact, animal-to-person contact, or from the environment or other media. Outbreaks may also occur following exposure to chemicals or to radioactive materials. For example, Minamata disease
Minamata disease
Minamata disease, sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Signs and symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of symp…
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What are the contributing factors for outbreaks?
Contributing factors were more likely to be identified for outbreaks if: investigators quickly (within a day of learning about the outbreak) contacted the establishment thought to be linked with an outbreak to schedule their assessment visit, and investigators made multiple visits to the outbreak establishment to complete their assessment.
What is an outbreak establishment?
Outbreak establishment: an establishment that has been linked with a foodborne illness outbreak; for example, several people with a foodborne illness all report eating the same food at the same restaurant.
What are the causes of disease epidemics?
Focusing attention on the human causes of infectious disease epidemics, such as land-use change, urbanization and industrialized food production, “Outbreak” teaches the modern lesson that human, animal and environmental health are all critically linked. But how do diseases spread to begin with, and what do we know about fighting epidemics?
What is “outbreak” about?
(Image courtesy James Di Loreto, Lucia RM Martino and Fred Cochard) Focusing attention on the human causes of infectious disease epidemics, such as land-use change, urbanization and industrialized food production, “Outbreak” teaches the modern lesson that human, animal and environmental health are all critically linked.
Which of the following is the common cause of outbreak?
ANSWER: A. Viruses. Viruses are the most common causative agent identified in foodborne outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System, accounting for over 50% of the outbreaks that have a confirmed or suspected etiology.
What is the common cause of outbreak of food?
The most common causes of foodborne illness outbreaks and how to lower your risk. Contaminated foods and beverages sicken an estimated 48 million Americans each year. The five bugs most likely to cause an outbreak: Norovirus, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, E. coli, and Campylobacter.
What are the two most common causes of a foodborne outbreak?
Contaminated water, shellfish, and salads are the foods most often linked to outbreaks, although other foods have also been involved. The illness is usually mild. It starts about 2 to 4 weeks after the contaminated food or water is consumed and resolves itself in 1 to 2 weeks.
What is an outbreak of foodborne illness?
What are foodborne outbreaks? When two or more people get sick from eating the same contaminated food, this is called a foodborne outbreak. Many people think of foodborne outbreaks as something that happened when a group of people got sick after eating contaminated food at the same restaurant or potluck.
What causes disease?
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. They're normally harmless or even helpful. But under certain conditions, some organisms may cause disease.
What are the 5 causes of food poisoning?
The top seven causes of food poisoning are Salmonella, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Trichinosis, E. coli, Campylobacter, Clostridium.
Which factor causes the most foodborne illness outbreaks in restaurants?
The top five risk factors that most often are responsible for foodborne illness outbreaks are:Improper hot/cold holding temperatures of potentially hazardous food.Improper cooking temperatures of food.Dirty and/or contaminated utensils and equipment.Poor employee health and hygiene.Food from unsafe sources.
What is the main cause of food contamination Servsafe quizlet?
Five most common food-handling mistakes or risk factors that can cause foodborne illness are -Purchasing food from unsafe sources, failing to cook food correctly, holding food at incorrect temperatures, using contaminated equipment, and practicing poor personal hygiene.
What is the largest cause of the spread of pathogens to food?
Raw foods of animal origin are the most likely to be contaminated—that is, raw meat and poultry, raw eggs, unpasteurized milk, and raw shellfish. The most common causes of foodborne illness include several kinds of bacterial infections.
What is the main cause of food contamination Servsafe?
Failing to cook food correctly. Holding food at incorrect temperatures. Using contaminated equipment. Practicing poor personal hygiene.
Which factor causes the most foodborne illness outbreaks in restaurants?
The top five risk factors that most often are responsible for foodborne illness outbreaks are:Improper hot/cold holding temperatures of potentially hazardous food.Improper cooking temperatures of food.Dirty and/or contaminated utensils and equipment.Poor employee health and hygiene.Food from unsafe sources.
What are the causes of large outbreaks?
Large outbreaks were also much more likely to be caused by viral pathogens such as SARS coronavirus, influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus than were smaller outbreaks. The typical smaller outbreaks were associated with food contamination, local livestock production and human-animal contact. Finally, individual large outbreaks tended to be driven by a greater variety of factors than control outbreaks.
What is the most common cause of zoonotic disease outbreaks?
Since 1974, contaminated water has been the most common driver of large-scale zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks, according to new research from the Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases (CEID) at the University of Georgia. The next two greatest drivers are unusual weather patterns and changes in the abundance of disease vectors such as mosquitos and ticks.
What are some examples of water-associated diseases?
Examples of these water-associated diseases include hepatitis E, typhoid and shigellosis (dysentery). The remaining drivers differed, however.
What are the contributing factors of an outbreak?
Contributing factors were identified in 3 out of every 5 outbreaks (194 of 297) reported to CDC’s National Environmental Assessment Reporting System (NEARS). Contributing factors were more likely to be identified for outbreaks if: 1 the germ linked to the outbreak was known, 2 the outbreak establishment prepared all meals on-site, 3 the outbreak establishment served more meals daily, 4 investigators quickly (within a day of learning about the outbreak) contacted the establishment thought to be linked with an outbreak to schedule their assessment visit, and 5 investigators made multiple visits to the outbreak establishment to complete their assessment.
How many contributing factors were identified in every 5 outbreaks?
Contributing factors were identified in 3 out of every 5 outbreaks (194 of 297) reported to CDC’s National Environmental Assessment Reporting System (NEARS). Contributing factors were more likely to be identified for outbreaks if:
How to identify foodborne illness outbreak contributing factors?
To identify foodborne illness outbreak contributing factors, investigators should. Use their knowledge about the germ linked to the outbreak to guide their environmental assessment. Conduct their assessment as soon as they learn of a potential outbreak. Conduct a complete assessment that may require multiple visits to the outbreak establishment. ...
What is an outbreak establishment?
Outbreak establishment: an establishment that has been linked with a foodborne illness outbreak; for example, several people with a foodborne illness all report eating the same food at the same restaurant.
Why is it important to do outbreak assessments?
These findings highlight the need for strong environmental health and food safety programs with the capacity to complete such assessments.
Does the outbreak establishment serve more meals daily?
the outbreak establishment served more meals daily, investigators quickly (within a day of learning about the outbreak) contacted the establishment thought to be linked with an outbreak to schedule their assessment visit, and. investigators made multiple visits to the outbreak establishment to complete their assessment.
What is the name of the virus that spreads rapidly in 2002?
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can cause disease in both animals and humans. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus strain known as SARS-CoV is an example of a coronavirus. SARS spread rapidly in 2002–2003. The new strain of coronavirus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ...
How does sars spread?
SARS-CoV-2 spreads from person to person through close communities. When people with COVID-19 breathe out or cough, they expel tiny droplets that contain the virus. These droplets can enter the mouth or nose of someone without the virus, causing an infection to occur.
What are the most common chronic diseases?
Older adults are most at risk of severe illness, as are people with the following chronic health conditions: 1 serious heart conditions, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies 2 kidney disease 3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 4 obesity, which occurs in people with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher 5 sickle cell disease 6 a weakened immune system from a solid organ transplant 7 type 2 diabetes
Where did the pangolin virus come from?
Trusted Source. , this new strain likely came from bats, though one study suggests pangolins may be the origin. However, it remains unclear exactly how the virus first spread to humans. Some reports trace the earliest cases back to a seafood and animal market in Wuhan.
Can a virus spread to older people?
Viruses can also spread more in certain areas, such as highly populated cities. Older adults are most at risk of severe illness, as are people with the following chronic health conditions: serious heart conditions, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies. kidney disease.
Is it possible for a virus to spread in a city?
The risk is higher for anyone in close contact with people who have COVID-19, such as healthcare workers. Viruses can also spread more in certain areas, such as highly populated cities.
Can you get a virus from touching something?
A new study suggests that 10% of infections are from people exhibiting no symptoms. Droplets containing the virus can also land on nearby surfaces or objects. Other people can pick up the virus by touching these surfaces or objects. Infection is likely if the person then touches their nose, eyes, or mouth.
